1、Part One: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (151 = 15)1. Linguistics studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the lingui

2、st thinks. 3. Language is culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically transmitted.4. Language is a simple entity with multiple layers and facets.5. The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articulation and place of articulation.6. Morphology and syntax st

3、udy the same aspect of language.7. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences.8. Language is entirely arbitrary.9. Major lexical categories are open categories.10. Of the three branches of phonetics, acoustic phonetics is

4、 the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed.11. Meaning is central to the study of communication.12. Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.13. Complete synonyms are rare in language.14. The structure of words is not governed by rules.15. The violations of the

5、 maxims make our language indirect.Part two: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (301= 30)16. A scientific study of language is based on the _ investigation of languagedata.A. symbolic B. systemic C. systematic D. system

6、17. A linguistic theory is constructed about what _ is and how it works.A. langue B. linguist C. language D. learning18. The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics. A. particular B. general C. ordinary D. generative19. Traditional grammar regards the _ form of language as primary

7、, not the spoken form.A. oral B. written C. writing D. vocal20. According to F. de Sausure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. language21. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and _.A. words B. sounds C. objects D. ideas

8、22. Language is _ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.A. instructive B. constructive C. intuitive D. productive23. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through _, rather than by instinct.A. learning B. teaching C. only learning D

9、. both A and B24. _ phonetics looks at the sounds from the hearers point of view and studies how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.A. Articulatory B. Auditory C. Acoustic D. Oral25. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal

10、26. _ p is a voiceless bilabial.A. affricate B. fricative C. stop D. liquid27. A _ is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneme B. phone C. sound D. speech28. The word “boyish” contains two _.A. phonemes B. morphs C. morphemes D. allomorphs29. _ morphemes are those

11、that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.30. _ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes31. A sentence is considered _ when

12、it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical32. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite33. In the study of meaning, the _ are interested in understanding the relations bet

13、ween linguistic expressions and what they refer to in the real world.A. linguists B. philosophers C. psychologists D. phoneticians34. Sence and reference are two related _ different aspects of meaning.A. but B. and C. or D. as well as 35. _ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physica

14、l world.A. Sense B. Reference C. Meaning D. Semantics36. Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different _ dialects.A. Personal B. regional C. social D. professional37. Hyponyms of the same _ are co-hyponyms.A. word B. lexical item C. superordinate D. hyponymy38. Words that are opposite in meaning

15、 are _.A. synonyms B. hyponyms C. antonyms D. homophones39. Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaning B. context C. form D. content40. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _.A. a sente

16、nce B. an act C. a unit D. an utterance41. A _ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.A. semantic B. syntactic C. pragmatic D. grammatical42. _ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. Speaking B. Speech C. Sound D. Spoken43. _ act

17、is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.A. A locutionary B. An illocutionary C. A perlocutionary D. A speech44. All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _ form.A. syntactic B. semantic C. grammatical D. pragmatic45. The Cooperative Principle

18、is proposed by _.A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Paul Grice D. John LyonsPart three: Give the Chinese meaning of the following English terms. (101=10)46. design feature 47. duality 48. connotation 49. stem50. corticulation 51. speech community 52. prescriptive study53. macrolinguistics 54. metalang

19、uage 55. utterancePart four: Define the following terms. (102=20)56. linguistics 57. allophone 58. blending 59. assimilation60. denotation 61. displacement 62. diachronic 63. root64. illocutionary act 65. paradigmatic relationPart five: Answer the following questions. (35=15)66. How does the Semanti

20、c Triangle illustrate meaning? Please draw it and explain it with example.67. Please draw the tree diagram of the following sentence?The man hit the colorful ball.68. What is the difference between narrow transcription and broad transcription?AnswersPart one (每小題1分，共15分)1-5 TFTFT 6-10 FTFTF 11-15 TF

21、TFTPart two（每小題1分，共30分）16-20 CCBBC 21-25 BDDBA 26-30 CACBA31-35 CCBAB 36-40 BCCBD 41-45 CBCACPart three （每小題1分，共10分）46. 結(jié)構(gòu)特征 47. 二重性 48. 內(nèi)涵 49. 詞干 50. 協(xié)同發(fā)音 51. 言語社團(tuán) 52.規(guī)定性研究 53. 宏觀語言學(xué) 54. 元語言 55.話語Part four （每小題2分，共20分）56. Linguistics: is generally defined as the scientific study of language.57. All

22、ophone: the different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.58. Blending: a relatively complex from of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the secon

23、d word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.59. Assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence.60. Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world.61. Displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and c