1、論語翻譯漫談,圣人微言大義 賢士箴言大論,一、圣賢四等：一等 真人,黃帝曰：“余聞上古有真人者，提挈天地，把握陰陽，呼吸精氣，獨立守神，肌肉若一，故能壽敝天地，無有終時，此其道生。,二等 至人,中古之時有至人者，淳德全道，和于陰陽，調于四時, 去世離俗，積精全神，游行天地之間，視聽八達之外，此蓋益其壽命而強者也；亦歸于真人。,三等 圣人,其次有圣人者，處天地之和，從八風之理，適嗜欲于世俗之間，無恚嗔之心, 行不欲離于世，被服章，舉不欲現(xiàn)于俗，外不勞形于事，內無思想之患，以恬愉為務，以自得為功，形體不敝，精神不散，亦可以百數(shù)。,四等 賢人,其次有賢人者，法則天地，象似日月，辯列星辰，逆從陰陽，分

2、別四時，將從上古合同于道，亦可使益壽而有極時?！?二、大哉孔子,孔子十五而志于學，學而時習之，明德于天下，終成大成至圣先師，為人萬世師表。,人皆知孔子為圣人，而不知其何以為圣?？鬃诱f：“我非生而知之，好古，敏以求之者也?！蓖ㄟ_古今，博學善思，志在天下，此即圣人為學之道。,孔子“發(fā)憤忘食，樂以忘憂，不知老之將至云爾?！惫誓堋捌埲招?，日日新，又日新?！倍Y記說：“玉不雕，不成器；人不學，不知道?！?孔子深知其道，故能孜孜不倦，潛心向學。其傳授弟子之“六言六蔽”，宣德明義，誠為至言大要，莘莘學子，不可不知：,“蔽”者，弊端也。好仁而不好學，易被欺愚；好智而不好學，行必放蕩；誠信而不好學，反受其害；率直

3、而不好學，其言必苛；勇猛而不好學，必闖禍亂；剛強而不好學，必肆意妄為。放眼塵世，學者如云，然識得圣人為學之道者，又有幾人？,孔子“學而不厭”，故能盡悉本末，洞曉天下。學貴在力行致用，勤于思考。誠如孔子所言：“學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆?！贝四丝鬃訛閷W之精神，古今學人，皆當效法，順之則進，逆之則退，學思并舉，不可偏廢。,學習在于志誠，所以孔子說：“知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?！泵珴蓶|亦說：“學習上來不得半點虛假?！彼谥缕鋷熜焯亓⒌男胖姓f：“有的人只有半桶水，卻篇要淌得很?！贝艘嗍ト司乐?，為學者不可不慎。,為學必先知禮。左傳隱公十一年說：“禮，經國家，定社稷，序民人，利后嗣者也?！倍Y有如

4、此之用，不可不知，更不可不行。孔子重禮，處世待人，溫良恭儉讓，言行合德，故能為人師，為世范。,帝舜命以典樂教胄子，使其“直而溫，寬而栗，剛而無虐，簡而無傲。”孔子治學為人，恰合帝命。后人尊孔為素王，蓋因有圣王之德，“欽明文思，允公克讓，光被四表，格于上下”（尚書堯典）。,論語說：“子絕四：毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我?！笨鬃訌牟粦{空揣測、絕對肯定、拘泥固執(zhí)、自以為是。此四者，恰今之學者所不能禁絕者，學界也因此狼煙四起，風云滾滾，不亦哀哉！,禮記說：“君子有三患：未之聞，患弗得聞也；既聞之，患弗得學也；既學之，患弗能行也?！睂W無止境，學行一致，永不自滿，為學者當以之為訓，時時自省?！皩W如不及，猶恐失之

5、?！笔ト松星胰绱耍瑳r乎尋常之輩！,孔子治學，重在博思，從不生吞活剝。誠如子夏所言：“博學而篤志，切問而近思，仁在其中也?！彼烙浻脖?，人云亦云，專志本本，此乃市儈功利巧取，絕非圣賢為學之道。,孔子說：“君子不器?！睘閷W者當無囿為器，博覽群書，學以致用。如此，則近于至道。,孔子學為天下，志在克己復禮，尋求安邦治世之道?！俺劦?，夕死可矣”即其心志。仁人志士，當努力效法遵行，須臾不離其軌。,學而篇第一,子曰：“學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知，而不慍，不亦君子乎？” Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to practi

6、ce in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar? Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?”,子曰：“巧言令色，鮮矣仁！”,Confucius said, “A man who speaks with honeyed words and pretends to be kind cannot be benev

7、olent.”,曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身為人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？”,Zeng Zi (a disciple of Confucius) said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”,子曰：“弟子入則孝，出則悌，謹而信，泛愛眾，而親仁。行有余力，則以學文。”,

8、Confucius said, “At home, a young man should be dutiful towards his parents; going outside, he should be respectful towards his elders; he should be cautious in deeds and trustworthy in words; he should love everyone yet make close friends only with those of benevolence. If he has any more energy to

9、 spare, let him devote it to books.”,曾子曰：“慎終追遠，民德歸厚矣。”,Zeng Zi said, “When funerals are conducted in accordance with the rites and sacrifices to the remote ancestors are given devoutly, the morality of the people will naturally reach its peak.”,子曰：“君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已?！?Confucius said,

10、 “A gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a comfortable home. Instead, he is quick in action yet cautious in speech. He learns from virtuous and accomplished men in order to correct his mistakes. Such can be called a man with eagerness to study.”,子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也?！?Confucius said, “Dont worry ab

11、out being misunderstood but about understanding others.”,子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！?Confucius said, “If one is able to acquire new knowledge by reviewing old knowledge, he is qualified to be a teacher.”,子曰：“君子不器?！?Confucius said, “A gentleman should not be like utensil. (He should have broad knowledge and no

12、t be confined to one use.)”,子貢問君子。子曰：“先行其言，而后從之?！?Zi Gong asked about how to become a gentleman. Confucius said, “A gentleman always puts his idea into action before he expresses it.”,子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”,Confucius said, “Gentlemen unite instead of conspiring; petty men conspire instead of uniting.”,

13、子曰：“由，誨女知之乎！知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也！”,Confucius said, “You (given name of Zi Lu, a disciple of Confucius), shall I teach you knowledge is? When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge.”,子曰：“朝聞道，夕死可矣。”,Confuciu

14、s said, “If one learns the truth in the morning, one would never regret dying in the same evening.”,子曰：“不患無位，患所以立；不患莫己知，求為可知也?！?Confucius said, “Dont worry about having no official position, but do worry about your ability to fulfill a post. Dont worry when others dont appreciate you, but you should

15、 strive to make achievements.”,子曰：“君子喻于義，小人喻于利。”,Confucius said, “The gentleman sees righteousness; the petty man sees profit.”,子曰：“見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也?！?Confucius said, “When you meet a man of virtue, learn from him. When you meet a man without virtue, examine yourself to see if you have the same defect

16、s as he has.”,子曰：“父母在，不遠游，游必有方。”,Confucius said, “When ones parents are alive, one should not go far away. If one has to, one should tell them where one is going.”,子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一則以喜，一則以懼?！?Confucius said, “One must always keep in mind ones parents birthdays. On the one hand, one is glad to offer b

17、irthday congratulations; on the other hand, one is worried to see they grow one year older.”,子曰：“君子欲訥于言而敏于行?！?Confucius said, “A gentleman should be careful in speech and quick in action.”,子曰：“德不孤，必有鄰?！?Confucius said, “A man of virtue can never be isolated. He is sure to have like-minded companions

18、.”,宰予晝寢。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，糞土之墻不可圬也；于予與何誅？”子曰：“始吾于人也，聽其言而信其行；今吾于人也，聽其言而觀其行。于予與改是。”,Zai Yu always slept in the daytime. Confucius said resentfully, “One cannot expect to carve on a piece of rotten wood, nor can one expect to whitewash a filthy wall. As for Zai Yu, what is the use of scolding him?” Confucius

19、added, “I used to trust what people said, now I want to see what they do before I trust them. It is from Zai Yu that I have learnt to change my attitude in dealing with people.”,子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之文也？”子曰：“敏而好學，不恥下問，是以謂之文也?！?Zi Gong asked, “Why was Kong Wenzi (a previous minister of Wei) called Wen (a titt

20、le that means culture)?” Confucius answered, “Because he was quick and eager to learn, modest and never ashamed to asking questions. That is why he was honored as Wen.”,子路曰：“愿聞子之志?！弊釉唬骸袄险甙仓?，朋友信之，少者懷之?！?Zi Lu asked Confucius, “I would like to hear your aspirations.” Confucius said, “I wish for the ol

21、d to live in peace and comfort, friends to trust each other and the young to be taken good care of.”,子曰：“十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好學也?！?Confucius said, “Wherever people live, there are honest and trustworthy people like me; but they are not so eager to learn as I am.”,子曰：“質勝文則野，文勝質則史。文質彬彬，然后君子?！?Confucius

22、said, “One would seem uncouth with more simplicity than refinement, and seem superficial with more refinement than simplicity. Only when these two qualities are well-balanced can one become a real gentleman.”,子曰：“默而識之，學而不厭，誨人不倦，何有于我哉？”,Confucius said, “To keep silently in mind what one has seen and

23、heard, to study hard and feel contented, to teach others tirelesslyhave I done all of these things?,子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也?！?Confucius said, “I was not born with knowledge, but, being fond of ancient culture, I was eager to seek it through diligence.”,子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熝桑簱衿渖普叨鴱闹洳簧普叨闹??！?Confucius said, “

24、When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.”,子以四教：文，行，忠，信。,Confucius taught his disciples four disciplines: culture, social conduct, loyalty to superiors and faith

25、fulness to friends.,子曰：“仁遠乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣?！?Confucius said, “Is benevolence really far away from us? You only have to really want it and it will come.”,子曰：“君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚?！?Confucius said, “A gentleman is always broad-mindedness while a petty man is always full of anxiety.”,曾子言曰：“鳥之將死，其鳴也哀；人之將死，其言也善?！?Zeng

26、 Zi said, “When a bird is dying, its cry is sad; when a man is dying, his words are kind. ”,子曰：“苗而不秀者有矣夫！秀而不實者有矣夫！”,Confucius said, “Some seedlings spring up but never blossom, others blossom but never bear fruit.”,子曰：“后生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？四十、五十而無聞焉，亦不足畏也已?！?Confucius said, “Respect the young. How do you

27、know that they will not one day be all that you are now? But if a man has reached forty or fifty and nothing has been heard of him, then I grant there is no need to respect him.”,子曰：“三軍可奪帥也，匹夫不可奪志也。”,Confucius said, “An army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man cannot be deprived of

28、his will.”,子曰：“歲寒，然后知松柏之后凋也！”,Confucius said, “Only when the weather turns cold can we see that the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall.”,子曰：“知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼?！?Confucius said, “A wise man is never cheated, a virtuous man is never worried and a courageous man is never afraid.

29、”,顏淵問仁。子曰：“克己復禮為仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。為仁由己，而由人乎哉？”顏淵曰：“請問其目？”子曰：“非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動?！?Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was. Confucius said, “One who restrains himself in order to observe the rites is benevolent. Once you can do this, you will be unanimously considered a man of benevolence. Such a practice

30、wholly depends on oneself, not on anybody else.” Yan Hui asked again, “How can one carry on such a practice?” Confucius answered, “Do not look at things that do not accord with the rites; do not listen to things that do not accord with the rites; do not do anything that does not accord with the rite

31、s.”,子曰：“君子成人之美，不成人之惡。小人反是?！?Confucius said, “A gentleman helps others fulfill good deeds and never helps them in bad deeds. A petty man just does the opposite.”,曾子曰：“君子以文會友，以友輔仁?！?Zeng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, said, “A gentleman makes friends through his learning and cultivates virtue and benevo

32、lence through those friends.”,子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從。”,Confucius said, “If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to; if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him even after repeated injunctions.”,子曰：“無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達；見小利則大事不成?！?Confuc

33、ius said, “Do not make haste, do not covet small gains. If you make haste, you cannot reach your goal; if you covet small gains, your efforts will not culminate in great achievements.”,子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和?！?Confucius said, “A gentleman unites with people of principle and never follows others blindly.

34、A petty man follows others blindly without regard to principle.”,子曰：“君子泰而不驕，小人驕而不泰。”,Confucius said, “A gentleman always keeps even-tempered without being arrogant while a petty man is arrogant without being even-tempered.”,子曰：“剛、毅、木、訥近仁?！?Confucius said, “The four qualities of unyieldingness, resol

35、uteness, modesty, and cautiousness in speech can make a person almost benevolent.”,子曰：“君子上達，小人下達?！?Confucius said, “The gentleman achieves benevolence while the petty man achieves material gains.”,子曰：“古之學者為己，今之學者為人?！?Confucius said, “People in ancient times studied to enrich their knowledge and impr

36、ove themselves; people today study to decorate themselves and impress others.”,子曰：“不在其位，不謀其政。”,Confucius said, “Do not get involved in the government affairs that are not your responsibility.”,子曰：“不患人之不己知，患其不能也?！?Confucius said, “Do not worry that your abilities are not appreciated. Just make sure t

37、hat you possess them.”,子曰：“可與言而不與言，失人；不可與言而與之言，失言。知者不失人，亦不失言?！?Confucius said, “To fail to speak to a man who is worth contacting is to let a man slip into uselessness; to speak to a man who is not worth communicating with is to waste words. A wise man shall not let a man slip into uselessness, nor

38、shall he waste his words.”,子曰：“志士仁人，無求生以害仁，有殺身以成仁。,Confucius said, “A man of benevolence and lofty ideals should not, at the expense of benevolence, cling cravenly to life instead of braving death. He will, on the contrary, lay down his life for the accomplishment of benevolence.”,子貢問為仁。子曰：“工欲善其事，必先

39、利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之賢者，友其士之仁者?！?Zi Gong asked how to practice benevolence. Confucius said, “A craftsman must prepare his tools beforehand in order to do his work well. Similarly, in a country, one must serve those among the senior officials who are virtuous, and make friends with those among the educated

40、who are benevolent.”,子曰：“人無遠慮，必有近憂?！?Confucius said, “Worries will soon appear if one gives no thought to a long-term plan.”,子曰：“躬自厚而薄責于人，則遠怨矣?！?Confucius said, “Being strict with oneself and lenient to others is sure to save one from ill will.”,子曰：“君子義以為質，禮以行之，孫以出之，信以成之。君子哉！”,“A man may be said to

41、be a true gentleman only if he takes fairness as his basic life principle, observes the rites in his behavior, speaks with modesty, and acts with earnestness.”,子曰：“君子病無能焉，不病人之不己知也?！?“A gentleman fears his own lack of talent more than others failure to understand him.”,子曰：“君子求諸己，小人求諸人?！?“A gentleman

42、sets strict demands on himself while a petty man sets strict demands on others.”,子曰：“君子矜而不爭，群而不黨。”,“A gentleman is grave without being contentious, and keeps harmonious relationships with others without forming cliques.”,子曰：“君子不以言舉人，不以人廢言?！?“A gentleman does no promote a man whose words are pleasant

43、 to his ear, neither does he disdain his correct words, for he is an unpleasant man.”,子貢問曰：“有一言而可以終身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲勿施于人。”,Zi Gong asked, “Is there a single word that a man can follow as his life guide?” Confucius said, “Yes. It is, perhaps, the word forbearance. Do not impose upon others what you

44、 do not desire yourself.”,子曰：“巧言亂德。小不忍，則亂大謀?！?“Sweet words will ruin ones virtue; lack of patience in small matters will bring destruction to overall plans.”,子曰：“眾惡之，必察焉；眾好之，必察焉?！?“Be sure to look into the case if a man is disliked by all the people around him. Be sure, too, to look into the case if

45、 he is liked by all the people around him.”,子曰：“過而不改，是謂過矣?！?“Not to correct the mistake one has made is to err indeed.”,子曰：“吾嘗終日不食，終夜不寢，以思，無益，不如學也?！?“I once spent day and night in cudgeling my brains without taking meals and sleep. But all my efforts turned out to be of little effect. I should have

46、spent all that time learning steadily.”,子曰：“君子不可小知，而可大受也；小人不可大受，而可小知也?！?“A gentleman can be entrusted to great responsibilities without being tested in small matters. A petty man can stand the test of small matters, but he can never be entrusted to great responsibilities.”,子曰：“當仁，不讓于師。”,“In the face

47、 of benevolence, do not give precedence even to your teacher.”,子曰：“有教無類?！?“In educating, I treat everyone the same.”,子曰：“道不同，不相為謀?！?“People who follow different political paths do not take counsel with one another.”,子曰：“辭達而已矣?！?“It is enough that ones words get the ideas across.”,孔子曰：“君子有三戒：少之時，血氣未定，戒之在色；及其壯也，血氣方剛，戒之在斗；及其老也，血氣既衰，戒之在得?！?“A gentleman should maintain vigilance against three things: In youth when the vital spirits are not yet settled,