1、獨立主格用法詳解一、獨立主格結構的特點獨立主格結構是一個名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語），加上一個形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語。它有以下三個特點：(1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。(2)名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關系。(3)獨立主格結構一般用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結構的形式英語中，獨立主格結構的形式是：名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞連在一起，構成獨立主格結構。1.名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式。如：A house to be built, we must sa

2、ve every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現在李蕾來了，魏方明天到。2.名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來了，我們應該把一切事情準備好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。3.名詞 / 代詞 + 動詞的過去分詞。如：His cup broken, he used his

3、 bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。4.名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面濘泥，我們應該小心。5.名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞。如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下課后，我們都出去玩。6.名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語。如(from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。三、獨立主格結構的句法功能獨立主格結構

4、在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。1.作時間狀語School over, the students went home. 放學后，學生們都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games began. 儀式結束后，比賽開始了。2.作條件狀語It being fine tomorrow, well go boating. 如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。3.作原因狀語The meeting being put off, we

5、 neednt hurry. 由于會議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老師病了，楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂課。4.作伴隨狀語Mr. Li comes here,a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿著書過來了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。使用獨立主格結構的幾點注意1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主

6、格結構取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課后，學生很快離開了教室。2.不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們去了做禮拜。(2)在There being名詞的結構中。如：There bein

7、g no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。3.獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主編來了，我們開始開會。比較動名詞復合結構：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.4.獨立主格的時態(tài)問題獨立主格結構作時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.聽眾

8、坐好后，音樂會開始了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。英語獨立主格結構常見類型獨立主格類型1：名詞（代詞）+現在分詞The question being settled, we went home.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假設天氣好，我們就進行比賽。The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting

9、 off.班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。獨立主格類型2：名詞（代詞）+過去分詞The job finished, we went home.工作結束后我們就回家了。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公車已經走了，我們必須走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果給我們更多的時間，我們會把工作做得更好。獨立主格類型3：名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the

10、meeting till next week.如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。獨立主格類型4：名詞（代詞）+介詞短語The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.士兵們端著槍沖了進來。A girl came in, book in hand.一個少女進來了，手里拿著書。He was waiting, his eyes on her back.他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。獨立主格類型5：名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞He s

11、at in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.她坐在桌前，衣領已解掉，頭低了下來，拿好鋼筆，準備開始寫一封長信。獨立主格類型6：There being +名詞（代詞）There being nothing else to do, we went home.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There being no further business

12、, I declare the meeting closed.沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。獨立主格類型7：It being +名詞（代詞）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機關都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。比較：獨立主格結構與 with 合結構。如：Dont sleep with the windows open.別開著窗睡覺。He stood before his teacher with h

13、is head down.他低著頭站在老師面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She came inwith a book in her hand.她手里拿著一本書走了進來。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他沒熄燈就睡著了。I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed.他閉目坐在那兒。All the after

14、noon he worked with the door locked.整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。獨立主格結構考題小練1.I have a lot of books, half of _ novels.A. whichB.thatC.whom D.them2._ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB.asC.WithD.Sinc

15、e3.The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of _ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB.whoC.whomD.which4.The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of _ over 600 years old.A.

16、whichB.thatC.themD.it5.The cave _ very dark, he lit some candles _ light.A. was; givenB.was; to giveC.being; givenD.being; to give6.The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat.Aheld; coveredB.holding; coveringC.holding; coveredD.held; covering7.The girl in the

17、snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _.A.flowed in the breezeB.was flowing in the breezeC.were flowing in the breezeD.flowing in the breeze8.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishingB.finishedC.had finishedD.were finished9.On Sundays there were a

18、 lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. theirB.whoseC.whichD.that10.The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, _ Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB.otherC.the otherD.the others【答案與解析】1.D。half of them novels 為獨立主格結構，相當于 and half of them are novels。

19、2.C?？疾椤皐ith + 名詞 + 過去分詞”結構。3.A。most of them carrying.為獨立主格結構，相當于 and most of them were carrying.，也可改為：most of whom were carrying。注意改動后連詞 and 的使用和動詞 were的使用。4.C。all of them over 600 years old 為獨立主格結構，相當于 and all of them are over 600 years old。5.D。第一空填 being，構成獨立主格結構；第二空填不定式表目的。6.C。獨立主格結構，his right ha

20、nd與hold有主謂關系，故用holding,而his face與cover是動賓關系，故用covered.7.D。her long hair與flowing是主動關系，這是“獨立主格結構”作狀語。8.B。因lessons與動詞finish之間為被動關系，故要用過去分詞。其實，their lessons finished for the day為獨立主格結構。9.A。此題容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實，句中的their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動詞seated不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為

21、seat作動詞用時，是及物動詞。10.D。易誤選C。后面部分實際上是獨立主格結構形式，省略了being。補充完整就是：The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest. (兩個獨立主格結構均表伴隨狀語)獨立主格結構練習1.Theweather _ fine,theydecidedtogooutforawalk. A.were B.was C.is D.being 2. Thecompositiongivenbytheteacher

22、_,AlicewenttowatchTV. A.beingdonewell B.hasbeendonewell C.havingdonewell D.donewell3.Thelastplane_,theyhadtostayinthehotelforanothernight. A.left B.havingleft C.havingbeenleft D.beleaving 4.Itisabeautifulvillagewithamountain_it. A.Surrounded B.surrounding C.havingsurrounded D.havingbeensurrounded5.E

23、verything_intoconsideration,hisworkiswelldone. A.taking B.taken C.hasbeentaken D.beingtaken 6.Allhiswork_,helefthisofficeatease. A.finished B.hadbeenfinished C.finishing D.tofinish 7. Thepowerstationwasbuiltontheriverwithourvillageandsomeothers_withelectricity. A.tosupply B.supplied C.supplying D.havingsupplied 8._fiveminutes_beforethelasttrainleft, wearrivedat thestation. A.Therebeing;togo B.Itwas;left C.Ithad;left D.Therewas;togo 9.Christmas_,t