Module 4Great Scientists.單詞語(yǔ)境記憶1.publish a book出版一本書2.make a breakthrough 取得突破3.in quantity 在數(shù)量上4.try to escape from the prison 試圖從監(jiān)獄逃跑5.find a person to replace him 找到一個(gè)可以代替他的人6.the quality of the products 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量7.a straight line 直線8.a brilliant scientist 才華橫溢的科學(xué)家9.political career 政治生涯10.convert waste into wealth 把廢物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樨?cái)富.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與派生記憶1.support vt.支持n.支持；支撐；供養(yǎng)2.clear vi.(煙霧)消散adj.清楚的；晴朗的3.figure n.人物vt.計(jì)算；認(rèn)為4.leading adj.主要的lead vt.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)leader n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)袖5.physical adj.身體的；物理的physically adv.身體上；身體上地6.brief adj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的briefly adv.簡(jiǎn)短地；簡(jiǎn)潔地7.graduate vi.畢業(yè) n.畢業(yè)生graduation n.畢業(yè)8.personal adj.個(gè)人的personally adv.就個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)personality n.個(gè)性；人格9.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸；爆炸聲10.producer n.生產(chǎn)者produce vt.& vi.生產(chǎn)production n.產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)product n.產(chǎn)品11.educate vt.教育education n.教育educator n.教育工作者12.agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的13.original adj.原來(lái)的；最初的origin n.起源originate vi.起源14.export vt.出口import vt.進(jìn)口15.breeding n.培育breed v.繁殖16.partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上part adj.部分的聯(lián)想記憶1.“支持，擁護(hù)”家族advocate vt.提倡；擁護(hù)back vt. 支持support vt. 支持，幫助stand by/for 支持in favour of 支持，贊同vote for 投票支持 2.“數(shù)量”名詞全接觸quantity 數(shù)量amount 數(shù)量number 數(shù)量mass 大量plenty 大量3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞species n. 物種series n. 系列means n. 方法remains n. 剩余物works n. 工廠；作品4.由“進(jìn)出口”聯(lián)想到的名詞import 進(jìn)口export 出口trade 貿(mào)易customs 海關(guān)tariff 關(guān)稅openingup policy 對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策短語(yǔ)背誦1.bring up培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育；提出；嘔吐2.experiment with 對(duì)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn) 3.bring in 引進(jìn)；收獲；賺(錢)4.as a result of 由于的結(jié)果 5.in the area of 在領(lǐng)域6.be known for 因而出名/聞名7.earn ones living 謀生8.come to/into power 掌權(quán)9.by accident 偶然，意外地詞塊積累1.living things生物2.in the 1990s 在二十世紀(jì)九十年代3.carry out experiments 做實(shí)驗(yàn)4.make explosions 爆炸5.be diagnosed with 被診斷患有疾病6.o. 把轉(zhuǎn)化為7.the/a key to (doing) sth (做)某事的關(guān)鍵8.be at war with 與交戰(zhàn)1.In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.就史蒂芬霍金的情況來(lái)說(shuō)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)卓越的科學(xué)家。2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)木棍上，這根木棍能使火箭直線前進(jìn)。3.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the worlds first astronaut? 或者他被帶到了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為了世界上第一個(gè)宇航員？ 4.He thought there was only one way to do thisby crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他認(rèn)為，唯一的辦法就是使不同種類的水稻雜交，這樣才能培育出比原先任何一種水稻產(chǎn)量都要高的新品種。.單詞拼寫1.About 60% of the flowers in this town were exported (出口) to other countries，increasing the income of the local people.2.The book，published (出版)in 1955，has been translated into more than 30 languages.3.Surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplantation.4.The majority of people in the town strongly support (支持) the plan to build a playground for children.5.Most of the flood victims (受害者) had to leave all their things behind.6.Some teenagers tend to quit when they get into a mess from which they cant escape (逃脫).7.Our school is famous for its outstanding teaching quality (質(zhì)量) and many students are admitted to key universities every year.8.Large quantities (數(shù)量) of gas are produced by cars every day，which is harmful to the environment.9.The rain has stopped and the sky has cleared (放晴); children are playing happily in the yard.10.The shopkeeper said he would replace (更換) the TV set if we were not satisfied.詞性變化練習(xí)1.We offer an excellent education (educate) to our students.In return，we expect students to work hard.2.Personally (personal) speaking，I dont approve of your marriage to her.3.Yuan Longping，one of the leading (lead) figures in agriculture in the world，is still working hard in the fields.4.I think your original (origin) plan is better than this one.5.Though she explained the topic briefly，we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)6.Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)7.After graduation，he is one of the graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for jobs.(graduate)8.This factory produces computers.Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce).選詞填空bring in，bring up，be known for，come to power，be diagnosed with，as a result of，by accident，earn ones living1.Although brought_up in a big city，Henry is very interested in wildlife.2.During recent years，the polar regions have changed a lot as_a_result_of global warming.3.Xian is_known_for its historic buildings，so many visitors travel there every year.4.Even if Mike earned_his_living by working in a coal mine，he never gave up his dream.5.He came_to_power in 2018 again.It was the fourth time that he had been elected President.6.There is little physical contact in peoples daily communication in that country，and even touching someones arm by_accident is the reason for an apology.7.After his wife was_diagnosed_with breast cancer，he spent all of his time looking after her.8.The thief was brought_in with his hands tied behind his back.完成句子1.It_was_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.據(jù)報(bào)道，在這次事故中沒(méi)有乘客受傷。2.I am sorry for having kept_you_waiting for three hours.很抱歉讓你等了三個(gè)小時(shí)。3.It rained heavily in the south this summer，causing_serious_flooding_in_several_provinces.今年夏天南方雨下得很大，導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)省份嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。4.You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the_best_way_of_getting/to_get there.你如果要計(jì)劃到達(dá)那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要去哪里。 核心要點(diǎn)突破1.support vt.& n.支持；擁護(hù)；支撐；供養(yǎng)(1)support sb in sth在某方面支持某人support a (ones) family/oneself 養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生(2)with ones support 在某人的支持下in support of 支持；擁護(hù)單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.Some experts have spoken to support the ban of drunk driving.Some experts have spoken in_support_of the ban of drunk driving.佳句背誦 Hes looking for a new job，one where he can get more money to support his family.他正在尋找一份新工作，一份能賺到更多錢以養(yǎng)家糊口的工作。2.quantity n.數(shù)量；大量a large/small quantity of大/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的in quantityin large amounts 大量地單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.到目前為止，許多錢已經(jīng)花費(fèi)在撫養(yǎng)他的孩子上。A large quantity of money has_been_spent in bringing up his children so far.Large quantities of money have_been_spent in bringing up his children so far.佳句背誦 Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.本學(xué)期你的工作在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都有所提高。名師指津 quantity作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。3.escape v.& n.逃跑，逃脫；避開(kāi)；(氣體、液體等)漏出；被遺忘(1)escape (doing) sth逃避(做)某事 escape from 從逃脫；逃避 escape ones attention/notice 逃過(guò)某人的注意 sth escape(s) sb 某物被某人遺忘；未被注意 (2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生單句語(yǔ)法填空Only with the greatest luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.佳句背誦 I saw a familiar face in the crowd，whose name escaped me for the moment.我在人群中看到了一張熟悉的面孔，可是我暫時(shí)想不起名字了。4.earn ones living謀生make a livingearn ones living謀生earn ones own living 自食其力earn money/a fortune 掙錢/大錢earn sb praise/a reputation 為某人贏得贊揚(yáng)/名譽(yù)單句語(yǔ)法填空The company has earned a good reputation for reliability.Mary often does some translation work to_earn (earn) extra money，which accounts for half of her income.佳句背誦 Since his parents died early，he had to earn his own living when he was a teenager.因雙親早亡，他十幾歲的時(shí)候就不得不獨(dú)自謀生。5.come to/into power掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政in power當(dāng)權(quán)take/seize power 奪取政權(quán)beyond ones power 不能勝任within/in ones power 有能力；力所能及單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯It is quite beyond my power.Im determined to give it up.當(dāng)局政府執(zhí)政兩年了。The present government has_been_in_power for two years.The present government came_to_power two years ago.佳句背誦 I will do everything in/within my power to help you.我會(huì)盡我所能幫助你。名師指津 come to power 與 be in power 都表示“掌權(quán)”，但前者表示動(dòng)作，不能與時(shí)間段連用；后者表示狀態(tài)，可以與時(shí)間段連用。6.keep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(教材原句)這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)木棍上，這根木棍能使火箭直線前進(jìn)。句中的keep the rocket moving為“keep賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中the rocket是賓語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞moving是賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?！発eep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”，這里keep為使役動(dòng)詞。其用法有：(1)keep賓語(yǔ)形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)(2)keep賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞 (分詞與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系) (3)keep賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 (分詞與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.它能夠使我們免于近視，而且能使我們身體健康。The TV program Readers was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes fixed (fix) on the screen.Next，keep the conversation going (go) by asking questions to show interest.名師指津 常見(jiàn)的可接過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：find，leave，feel，see，hear，have，get等。(注意：make通常只以過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，少見(jiàn)以現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。) 考綱詞匯專練.多義詞專練寫出下列句中clear的含義vi.(煙霧)消散；變清澈；(天)變晴vt.使清澈；使清楚，消除，掃清；清嗓子adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；暢通的；清楚的，明白的1.Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.(2017全國(guó)卷)清楚的，明白的 2.Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.(2017天津高考)消除，掃清 3.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt.(2016北京高考)暢通的 4.She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.清晰的 5.The professor cleared his throat before giving a speech.清嗓子 .微閱讀寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義1.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls to the groundand，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用)：bowls of rice do not float in midair，but require support to remain stable.(2016浙江高考)物理的 2.At thirteen，I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder.(重慶高考)診斷 3.During the breeding season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.繁殖 .微完形根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出合適的詞語(yǔ)1.Mike，who was _ by his uncle，graduated from a famous university.He earned his living by teaching.He held the belief that he could educate his students well.As a result of his hard work，his _ began to take off.A.brought up B.brought inC.brought out D.brought aboutA.performance B.reputationC.career D.bestseller答案AC2.It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mothers love and care.His mother，who earned her living by selling newspapers，spent a large quantity of money on his education.He became an outstanding _ in his field soon after his graduation.His first book was published last week.In _，his mothers support contributed to his success.A.doctor B.professorC.figure D.politicianA.total B.briefC.fact D.effect答案CB.在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式熱考常考1.When I went to her room，all her personal (person) belongings had been given away.2.My judgement is that she is a leading (lead) figure in the company.3.The key to earning (earn) others respect is to respect others first.4.Im wondering when the dictionary will be_published (publish).5.On arrival I found that the building had_been_converted (convert) into a primary school.6.Australia is one of the worlds main producers (produce) of wool.7.They were held up in the traffic.As a result，they didnt arrive on time.8.My sister was_educated (educate) in Peking University，one of Chinas top universities.Now she works in a company.9.I have no idea how to support myself (I) after leaving home.10.The teacher said briefly (brief) that gestures are also important in communication.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空不規(guī)則變化1.Bill was born in Canada but was brought(bring) up in America.2.Hangzhou，known (know) for the West Lake，attracts many visitors every year.3.Until now，rice has_been_grown (grow) in many other Asian countries.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出加黑詞的正確含義熟詞生義1.According to the rule，everyone shall replace books and magazines after reading.B 2.Unluckily，some poisonous gas escaped from the top，causing a big fire.A.完形填空(2019杭州四中模擬)Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they are _1_It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is, and that gives me the viewpoint to _2_ the surprises of the future.But there is vast grassland of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flipflop (突然改變)_3_This is what convinces me to _4_ the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed.I felt _6_at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe worst _7_ and drought (干旱) in my lifetime.The air conditioner died; the well went dry; the marriage _8_； the job was lost; the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team, bound for their first World Series，_9_ my spirits.Looking back on that _10_ summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely _11_ the bad.I was owed and enjoyed the happy times.They _12_ me for the next dangerous surprise and offered _13_ that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see _14_ beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh, yeah, the corn crop? For that hot summer, the ground _15_ was just right, and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy _17_ my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(殼)Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original _18_ and they probably will do so again in the future, I am _19_ encouraged by the crop that had a “good” _20_ during the drought.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)自己在干旱的夏天種植玉米的經(jīng)歷體會(huì)到讀懂生活的常態(tài)需要時(shí)間和閱歷，也正是這樣才練就了作者面對(duì)未來(lái)寵辱不驚的生活態(tài)度，同時(shí)作者也向我們介紹了其深信不疑的“對(duì)半理論”。1A.worseBeasier CstrangerDbrighter答案A根據(jù)空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下文作者闡述的“對(duì)半理論”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常狀態(tài)要好，而另一半則比正常狀態(tài)差。故空處應(yīng)填worse與better構(gòu)成對(duì)比。2A.give outBtake downCdeal withDgo through答案C結(jié)合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand .future”及下文作者對(duì)自己種玉米經(jīng)歷的描述可知，此處作者想要傳達(dá)的是面對(duì)時(shí)好時(shí)壞的生活，需要時(shí)間和閱歷讀懂生活的常態(tài)，這樣才能應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)各種意想不到的事情。deal with“應(yīng)對(duì)，處理”符合語(yǔ)境。3A.slightlyBregularlyCmagicallyDdeliberately答案C根據(jù)上文中的“But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good flipflop(突然改變)”及下文作者描述的自己種玉米的經(jīng)歷可知，好與壞之間有一大片生活的草原，在這片草原上壞事和好事會(huì)奇妙地突然改變。magically“魔法般地，神奇地”符合語(yǔ)境。4A.break throughBbelieve inCcheck onDpick up答案B根據(jù)上文，尤其是“Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are _1_”可知，作者對(duì)“對(duì)半理論”深信不疑。believe in “信任，相信”符合語(yǔ)境。5A.stoleBignoredCreplacedDflooded答案D根據(jù)上文中的“a bottomland(低洼地)so easily”和下文中的“and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在極易遭到水淹的低洼地種植玉米而遭到了鄰居們的嘲笑。6A.annoyedBpuzzledCsurprisedDembarrassed答案A根據(jù)上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wasted effort”可知，作者為自己浪費(fèi)了精力而感到懊惱。annoyed“煩惱的，惱火的”符合語(yǔ)境。7A.wind speedBflood warningCstorm damageDheat wave答案D根據(jù)下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最嚴(yán)重的酷熱期和干旱。heat wave“酷熱期，熱浪期”符合語(yǔ)境。8A.beganBendedCcontinuedDdisappeared答案B根據(jù)上文中的“Summer turned cruelthe worst _7_ and drought(干旱)in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天災(zāi)人禍：熱浪襲人，干旱來(lái)襲，空調(diào)報(bào)廢，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，慘遭失業(yè)，積蓄散盡。end“結(jié)束，終止”符合語(yǔ)境。9A.relievedBloweredCpurifiedDinspired答案D根據(jù)上下文，尤其是該句中的“Only”一詞可知，此處描述的是作者在那個(gè)夏天遇見(jiàn)的唯一好事，即作者雖然遭受了一系列不好的事情，但是人氣攀升的堪薩斯皇家棒球隊(duì)首次進(jìn)入World Series使作者精神振奮。inspire“激勵(lì)，鼓舞”符合語(yǔ)境。10A.horribleBprecious CcolorfulDstrange答案A根據(jù)上文中的“Summer turned cruel.the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，那個(gè)夏天對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是可怕的。horrible“可怕的，嚇人的”符合語(yǔ)境。11A.allocatedBresistedCbalancedDcontradicted答案C根據(jù)作者在第一段中提及的“對(duì)半理論”以及下文作者提到的玉米的命運(yùn)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的內(nèi)容可知，生活總是好壞參半，以達(dá)到一種平衡。balance“抵消，保持平衡”符合語(yǔ)境。12A.refreshedBtiredCconvincedDadjusted答案A根據(jù)作者信奉的“對(duì)半理論”及上文中的“I was owed and enjoyed the happy times”和下文中的“for the next dangerous surprise”可知，快樂(lè)的時(shí)光讓作者重新恢復(fù)了精力以應(yīng)對(duì)下一個(gè)“意外”。refresh“使恢復(fù)精力”符合語(yǔ)境。13A.trustBbelief CadviceDcourage答案B快樂(lè)的時(shí)光不僅讓作者恢復(fù)了精力，也給予了作者相信自己可以成功的信念。belief“信念”符合語(yǔ)境。14A.determinationBcreativityCfailureDhope答案D“對(duì)半理論”甚至幫作者看到了希望，即使其喜愛(ài)的皇家棒球隊(duì)最近處于低潮。hope“希望”符合語(yǔ)境。15A.wetnessBfreshnessCthicknessDhardness答案A根據(jù)上文中的“in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_”和下文中的“the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，玉米被種在原本易被淹沒(méi)的低洼地，但由于那個(gè)炎熱的夏天雨水很少，低洼地的濕度正好適合玉米的生存。wetness“濕度”符合語(yǔ)境。16A.separatedBdismissedCabstractedDspared答案D根據(jù)上文中的“the ground _15_ was just right”和下文中的“the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”可知，因?yàn)楦珊?，原本易被淹沒(méi)的低洼地成了適合玉米生存的地方，缺少雨水使玉米逃脫了洪澇的威脅。spare.from.“使逃脫”符合語(yǔ)境。17A.orBand CsoDwhile答案D根據(jù)空前的“That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”和空后的“my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(殼)”可知，那年冬天，作者的家里堆滿了飽滿健康的玉米，而鄰居家的地里卻只產(chǎn)出了褐色的空殼子。空處前后為對(duì)比關(guān)系，故while“(對(duì)比兩件事物)而，然而”符合語(yǔ)境。18A.expectationBrequirementCimpressionDopportunity答案A根據(jù)上下文可知，盡管那年的收成沒(méi)有達(dá)到作者原來(lái)的期望。expectation“期望，期待”符合語(yǔ)境。19A.evenBagain CjustDstill答案D盡管那年的收成沒(méi)有達(dá)到作者原來(lái)的期望，而且將來(lái)還可能是這樣，但作者仍然為經(jīng)歷干旱卻豐收的玉米而備受鼓舞。still“仍然，還”符合語(yǔ)境。20A.challengeBharvestCexperimentDreputation答案B參見(jiàn)上題解析。a good harvest“豐收”符合語(yǔ)境。challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；reputation“名望，聲望”。.語(yǔ)法填空(2019紹興四校聯(lián)考)As you know，science plays 1._ very important role in our education.Do you want to keep up 2._ the latest research and discoveries in science？There are many good websites 3._ you can check out the latest in the science world.One great site is Science News for Kids.This site reports science news 4._(cover) a wide range of subjects.The articles are intended for younger readers，but ad