12月六級聽力解析聽力篇章及答案四級聽力講座 1 及講座 2 原文及解析Recording OneToday Im going to talk about a very special kind of person. Psychologists call them masters of deception. Those rare individuals with a natural ability to tell with complete confidence, when someone is telling a lie. (16) For decades, researchers and law enforcement agencies have tried to build a machine that will do the same thing. Now, a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans, they can determine with 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.They hope that the technology will be cleared for use in American courts by early next year. （17）But is this really the ultimate tool for you? The lawyers of tomorrow? You will not find many brain scientists celebrating this breakthrough. The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detect deception has not provided credible proof. Thats because the technology has not been properly tested in real world situations. In life, there are different kinds of lies and diverse contexts in which theyre told. These differences may elicit different brain responses.Does their hypothesis behind the test apply in every case? We dont know the answer, because studies done on how reliable this machine is have not yet been duplicated. Much more research is badly needed. Whether the technology is eventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will ultimately be decided by the judges. Lets hope theyre wise enough not to be fooled by a machine that claims to determine truthfulness at the flip of a switch. They should also be skeptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all human traits and actions to the level of brain activity. Often, they do not map that easily.Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind. Some researchers have suggested that thoughts cannot properly be seen as purely internal. Instead, thoughts make sense only in reference to the individuals external world. So while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain activity, those insights will not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law. Problems surround the use of machines to spot deception, at least until it has been rigorously tested. （18）A high tech test that can tell when a person is not telling the truth. Sounds too good to be true. And when something sounds too good to be true, it usually is.Question 16. What have researchers and law enforcement agencies tried to do?Questions17. How do many brain scientists respond to the Massachusetts companies so called technological breakthrough?Question 18. What does the speaker think of using a high tech test to determine whether a person is telling the truth?講座 1 解析如同上課時我們講到的，講座題一定要聽好開頭，開頭往往揭示主題。本篇開頭即提到一類 人，masters of deception。對于生僻名詞必然給出解釋: Those rare individuals with a natural ability to tell with complete confidence, when someone is telling a lie.當我們聽到 But is this really the ultimate tool for you? The lawyers of tomorrow? You will not find many brain scientists celebrating this breakthrough. 時，我們得知很多科學(xué)家持反對意見。我們在設(shè)問后的問題之處得知 but 之后便是 17 題的答案，has not provided credible proof.本篇難點在于 16,17 題離得比較近，符合我們所講的連續(xù)出題原則，考生須在確定一題答案 后馬上開始對下一題的判斷。后面大段不出題，知道最后給出最后一題的答案。18 題作者對于使用高科技儀器測謊的想法是 too good to be true，所以需要選擇和負面色彩 相關(guān)的選項。Recording TwoLast week, I attended a research workshop on an island in the South Pacific. Thirty people were present, and all except me came from the island called Mcclure in the nation of Vanuatu. They live in sixteen different communities and speak sixteen distinct languages. In many cases, you could stand at the edge of one village and see the outskirts of the next community. （19）Yet the residents of each village speak a completely different language. According to recent work by my colleagues at the Max Plank Institute for the science of human history, this island, just one hundred kilometers long and twenty kilometers wide, is home to speakers of perhaps forty different indigenous languages. （20）Why so many? We could ask the same question of the entire globe. People dont speak one universal language or even a handful. Instead, today, our species collectively speaks over seven thousand distinct languages, and these languages are not spread randomly across the planet. For example, far more languages are found in tropical regions that in the milestones. the tropical island of new guinea is home to over nine hundred languages, Russia, twenty times larger, has 105 indigenous languages.Even within the tropics, language diversity varies widely. For example, the two hundred and fifty thousand people who live on Vanuatus eighty islands speak 110 different languages. But in Bangladesh, a population six hundred times greater speaks only 41 languages. How come humans speak so many languages? And why are they so unevenly spread across the planet? As it turns out, we have few clear answers to these fundamental questions about how humanity communicates. Most people can easily brainstorm possible answers to these intriguing questions. They hypothesized that language diversity must be about history, cultural differences, mountains or oceans dividing populations.But when our diverse team of researchers from six different disciplines and eight differentcountries began to review what was known, we were shocked that only a dozen previous studies had been done, including one we ourselves completed on language diversity in the Pacific. These prior efforts all examine the degree to which different environmental, social, and geographic variables correlated with a number of languages found in a given location. The results varied a lot from one study to another, and no clear patterns emerged. The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying, “Correlation does not equal causation”.Question19. What does the speaker say about the island of Mcclure?Question 20. What do we learn from the talk about languages in the world?（缺 21 題）講座 2 解析本篇聽好開頭 an island in the South Pacific，即知道內(nèi)容說的和島嶼相關(guān)，當聽到 the island called Mcclure in the nation of Vanuatu，便需認真聽后面的內(nèi)容，They live in sixteen different communities and speak sixteen distinct languages. 知道本文確切內(nèi)容為語言。19 題為轉(zhuǎn)折后出題：the residents of each village speak a completely different language。20 題符合問句后出題。答案為轉(zhuǎn)折處 instead 之后的內(nèi)容： today, our species collectively speaks over seven thousand distinct languages, and these languages are not spread randomly across the planet.哈爾濱學(xué)校六級聽力篇章及答案Passage 1In this weeks edition of special series on bizarre medical conditions. Theres a report of the case ofMichelle Myers. Myers is an American woman who woke up one day speaking with a British accent,even though shes lived in the united states all her life in two thousand fifteen, Myers went to bedwith9 a terrible headache. She woke up sounding like someone from England. Her British accenthas remained for the past two years previously, 9Meyers had woken up speaking in Irish andAustralian accents.However, on both of those occasions, the accents lasted for only a week. Myers has been diagnosedwith foreign accent syndrome. 10Its a disorder in which a person experiences a setting change totheir speech so that they sound like they are speaking in a foreign accent. The condition is mostoften 10caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Although people with the syndrome haveintelligible speech, their manner of speaking is altered in terms of timing and tongue placement,which may distort their pronunciation. The result is that they may sound foreign when speakingtheir native language.Its not clear whether Myers has experienced a stroke or other brain damage, but she also has aseparate medical condition which can result and loose joints easily bruised skin and other problems.Foreign accent syndrome is rare, with only about sixty cases reported within the past century.11However, a different American woman reportedly spoke with the Russian accent in twothousand ten after she fell down the stairs and hit her head.Question 9. What happened to Michelle Myers One day?解析：根據(jù)故事線索定位答案，Michelle Myers 一天晚上頭疼，醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己說澳大利亞口音和愛爾蘭口音的英語。Question 10. What does the passage say about foreign accent syndrome?解析：通過 however 和 cause 定位答案位置，外國語音的癥狀主要由于中風和頭痛引起的語音失調(diào)的癥狀。Question 11. What accent did another American woman speak with after a head injury?解析：通過 however 和文章結(jié)尾一個美國女人視聽一致定位答案位置，這個美國女人從樓梯上摔下來后說俄語口音的英語。Passage 2There is something about water that makes it a good metaphor for life. That may be one reason whyso many people find relief in swimming when life seized get rough. And 12it goes some waytowards explaining why books about swimming, in which people tackle icy legs, race and rivers,and overcome oceans while reflecting on their lives have recently become so popular.These books reflect a trend particularly strong in Britain, where swimming in pools is declining, butmore and more folks are opting for open water. While swimming seems to be especially popularamong women. 13Jenny landreth recently published a guide to the best swimming spots in London.Her new book swell into weaves her own story with a history of female pioneers who accomplishedremarkable feats paved the way for future generations. 14Notions of modesty restricted women inthe Victorian era, but they still swam. A bathing machine was rolled down to the sea shore, so womenwould not be seen in swim wear in 1892,14 the gentle womans book of sport described a womanswimming in a heavy dress, boots, hat, gloves and carrying an umbrella.Eventually swimming b