12013年自考英語二復習資料UNIT1-1UNIT1一、wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjectivea.客觀的，真實的。如實的，無偏見的。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis.我們必須接受客觀事實。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文學批評家在分析和評價時應盡量不偏不倚。n.目標，目的。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人們?yōu)榱藢崿F(xiàn)第九個五年規(guī)劃的經(jīng)濟目標而努力工作。Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前的目標是通過口試。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴隨，陪同；2、為。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.演唱者由他的學生擔任鋼琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.這位孤獨的老人讓他的狗作伴。Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash.所有的訂貨單必須隨附現(xiàn)金。arguevt./vi.爭辯，爭論，辯論作不及物動詞用時，后邊可以接with,about或over，for（贊成）或against（反對）。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她總喜歡為極小的問題進行爭論。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常和詹姆斯討論哲學。Hearguedforimmediateaction.他主張立即行動。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.他們反對這種政策。vt.1、說服；2、用辯論說服2argueinto（outof）doingsth.說服某人做（不做）某事。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我說服他不做這樣危險的旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他論證人類的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解釋，給。下定義；2、限定，規(guī)定。Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功的定義是力和力的著力點沿力的方向移動的距離的乘積。Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues.他已表明自己在這些問題上的立場。UNIT1-2二、常考句型1、決策是在現(xiàn)有的可選做法中所做的選擇。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者經(jīng)常必須對未來的情況下做出最佳的猜測，盡量不存僥幸。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、如果沒有選擇，就無決策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等待因素的制約。P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有時以非此即彼的方式來處理問題。P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、決策者們必須有辦法決定數(shù)個可選項中的哪一個是最好的-哪一個對組織目標的實現(xiàn)起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbestthatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、就更大的系統(tǒng)來說，增加研究經(jīng)費以便改進產(chǎn)品，對該組織更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目標比另一些目標更重要，但其排序和重要性則因人和部門而異。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.三、習題1.單詞英譯漢3goal,objective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,2.詞組英譯漢intheway,inpart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown3.句子英譯漢與?？季湫拖嗤?.TextA漢譯英決策者應該能夠對將來作出最好的推測。Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.有人認為經(jīng)理們所作的一切均與決策有關。Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.沒有正確的選擇就沒有正確的決定。Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.不同的人對同樣的問題有不同的看法，所以解決的辦法也不同。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem；theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.決策者往往是公司業(yè)務發(fā)展的關鍵。Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompanysbusinessdevelopment.UNIT1-3四、歷年試題1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。答案是involves.考點:involve為謂語動詞，應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_(make).(99.4)答案是tobemade?？键c：tobemade是動詞不定式作定語修飾decision.3.Ifyouarenow_yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_decisions；indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposesB.improviseC.involvesD.indicates答案為C.5.When_(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.答案為presented.考點：present是過去分詞作狀語。46.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考點：make是過去分詞作定語，修飾decision.7.漢譯英：通常管理者必須對未來的情況作出最佳的預測。答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.1.決策的目的是為了實現(xiàn)組織的目標。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.決策過程對經(jīng)營管理至關重要。答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.3.經(jīng)理所做的任何事情幾乎都與決策有關。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.雖然我們不能預見未來，但應當盡量減少偶然性發(fā)生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同的管理者對同一問題的解釋不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT2-1一、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operateexertvt.盡（力）；發(fā)揮（威力等）；施加（壓力等）；產(chǎn)生（影響等）；行使（職權等）Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已盡了全力以達到自己的目標。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.這些原則對革命進程產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。collapsen.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴風雨使這個避風雨的木棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他的精神崩潰了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府的倒臺使全國陷入混亂之中。vi.倒塌，崩潰Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.屋頂被雪壓塌了。Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.5會談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在戰(zhàn)爭的最后幾個星期里她的身體因長期監(jiān)禁而垮掉了。lauchvt1、發(fā)射，投射；2、使（船）下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.這顆衛(wèi)星是由火箭發(fā)射的。Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.獵人把矛向狼擲去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一條新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.發(fā)動，發(fā)起（運動等）launchoutinto開始，著手進行Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我們的軍隊向敵人發(fā)起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察對此案開展了調(diào)查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小組著手進行了一系列新的實驗。UNIT2-2operatevi.1、運轉，起作用；2、動手術（on,upon）Theelevatoroperatessmoothly.電梯運行順利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.藥物逐漸奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動手術。vt.1、操作，操縱，經(jīng)營；2、對。動手術Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.這家航空公司經(jīng)營五條主干線和十幾條支線。Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine?你知道怎么開這臺機器嗎？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動手術。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.他因肺癌動了手術。二、?？季湫?、天文學家和科學家認為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質可以掉進黑洞但任何物質不能逃脫。P16Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、理論上是這樣的：當某些星體的密度增大到某一特定點時便發(fā)生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人認為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一個人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快就能到達黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近幾年天文學家才開始具體研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、另一方面，科學家們也在設想，由于有非常先進的技術，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞為人類服務。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.三、習題Unit2練習：1.詞匯英譯漢：escape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,aboveall2.句子英譯漢：1)6)與?？季湫拖嗤?)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.UNIT2-33句子漢譯英黑洞是什么，天文學家還沒有完全解決這個問題。Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.據(jù)說黑洞可以將其周圍的一切物體，如星星吞食掉。Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.對黑洞的研究剛剛開始，各種各樣的假說層出不窮。Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.科學家仍不能說出黑洞內(nèi)發(fā)生了什么。7Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole.Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.如果我們認識了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。Ifweunderstoodblackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.單元課后練習.WordSpelling1.密度n.density_2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩潰v.collapse_3.邊界線，邊界n.boundary_4.永恒的，經(jīng)久不變的a.c_5.基礎，根據(jù)n.b_6.發(fā)射，發(fā)動v.l_7.雙胞胎之一a.t_8.同伴，同事n.c_9.人類n.m_10.推測，猜測n.s_11.吞v.s_12.不充分的a.i_13.物質n.m_14.情況，環(huán)境a.c_15.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)v.o_16.強烈的a.i_17.證據(jù)n.e_18.看不見的a.i_19.宇航員n.a_20.熱帶的a.t_.WordForm1.Supernovae_(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstill_(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.3.Ifone_(make)ajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars_(believe)tobeblackholes.5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee_(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.UNIT2-486.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy_(swallow)upstarsataveryrapidrate.7.Themost_(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina_(total)differentwayfromourown.9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas_(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent_(colour)skins.VocabularyandStructure1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)_whichmatterhasfallenand_whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.AintointoBintofromCfromintoDfromfrom2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense_ablackholeresults.AwhetherBwhatCwhichDthat3.Binarystars,_theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.AasBthatCwhatDif4.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisible