（備考詞匯專攻）2015屆中考英語小復(fù)習(xí) 21-30（10份10組專題）21. all/ whole. 二者意義（“全部、都、整個”）相同，然而詞序不同。. all用于冠詞，所有格或其它“限定詞”之前。 whole 則用于冠詞之后。如： all the time. the whole time.全部時間 all my life the whole life.我的一生 all this confusion this whole confusion.整個混亂狀況。. 如果沒有冠詞，或其它限定詞，whole不能與單數(shù)名詞連用?？梢哉f： the whole city was burning.但不能說： whole london was burning.whole 和 all 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時意思不同。whole 的意思為“全部”，而all的意思則近乎“每一個”如： all indian tribes(traib部首 ) suffered from white settlement in america. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。 whole indian tribes were killed off.有些印第安人部落整個被殺光了。. whole 一般不用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞（包括物質(zhì)名詞） 可以說：all the money 或all the wine 不可以說：the whole money 或the whole wine. the whole of = whole 與單數(shù)名詞連用。它用于冠詞、所有格之前。the whole of the time. the whole of my lifethe whole of this confusion22allow/ permit/ let/ promise. allow“允許、許可”，一般指聽任，或默許某人去做什么，含有消極地不反對的意味。如： we allowed him to depart.我們允許他離去。 who allowed you to leave the camp?誰允許你離開營地的？ i cant allow you to do that.我不能允許你做那件事。allow 也可表客氣的請求。如 will you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？. permit “允許、許可”但是正式地許可，含有比較積極地同意某人去做什么的意味。如： i will permit him to do so. 我準(zhǔn)備同意他這樣做。 the sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.當(dāng)這群陌生人說出口令后，哨兵就允許他們通過了。注：allow 與 permit 的涵義雖有差別，但在語言實(shí)踐中，它們常常被通用著。如： smoking is not allowed here.此處禁止吸煙。 smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 本戲院里禁止吸煙. let.“允許、讓”它可以指積極地允許，但更多的是著重指不予反對和阻止其后所跟的賓語要接不帶to 的不定式用以表示客氣的請求時，可與allow通用。且更具有口語色彩。如： her father will not let her go.她父親不會讓她去。 dont let this happen again. 不要讓這種事發(fā)生了。 please let me know what happens.請告訴我發(fā)生些什么事。. promise “答應(yīng)” “允諾”。與以上三個詞的意義不同，用于主體答應(yīng)自己要作什么的場合。如： he promised to begin at once.他答應(yīng)立刻開始。 i promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly. 我答應(yīng)（他）立即處理這件事。 they promised an immediate reply.他們答應(yīng)立即答復(fù)。阻止t.ng is not permitted in this theatre. the countersign.23almost/ nearly. almost“差不多、幾乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如： he has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作。 almost no one took any rest. 幾乎沒有一個人休息一下。. nearly “差不多、幾乎、將近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如： its nearly five oclock.差不多五點(diǎn)鐘了。 nearly everyone knows it. 幾乎每個人都知道這個。 hes nearly ready. 他快準(zhǔn)備好了。注：almost有時可與nearly通用，但當(dāng)其與no, none, nothing, never連用時，不用nearly。如以上almost的例可以互換，但例則不能。24alone/ lonely. alone adj. “單獨(dú)的”只能作表語。如： im alone but i dont fell lonely.我單身一人但我從不覺得孤獨(dú)。 此外alone 還可作副詞。相當(dāng)于by oneself,“單獨(dú)地”“獨(dú)自” ill go there alone.我將獨(dú)自去那兒。. lonely adj. “孤獨(dú)的”“寂寞的”有時還可表示“荒涼的”“無人煙的”意思,與deserted意思相同。含有較濃的情感色彩。既可作定語也可作表語。如： were together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. a lonely / deserted island25aloud/ loud/ loudly. aloud adv. “出聲地”有使能聽得到的意味。如： please read the story aloud. 請朗讀這個故事。 they were shouting aloud.他們在高聲地呼喊。. loud. adv “高聲地、大聲地、響亮地”常指在說笑等方面。如： dont talk so loud. 不要如此高聲地談話。 speak louder. 說得大聲點(diǎn)。. loudly adv. “高聲地”有時與loud 通用，但含有喧鬧的意味。如： someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大聲敲門。 dont talk so loudly（loud）. 不要如此高聲地談話。26already/ yet /still. already. adv. “已經(jīng)”多用于肯定句中，通常與動詞的完成時或進(jìn)行時連用。也可用于疑問句，但不表真心的疑問，而表“驚奇”。它多置于句中。有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而置于句末。如： ive seen the film already. the train has already left. 火車已經(jīng)開走了。 have you already had breakfast? 難道你已經(jīng)吃過早餐了？. yet adv “已經(jīng)、仍然、還”一般只用于否定句或疑問句，且常常置于句末。如： he hasnt found his bike yet他還沒有找到他的自行車。. still adv “仍然、還”可用于各種句中，且一般只用于句中。如： do you still teach in that school? 你還在那所學(xué)校教書？注：still在句中的位置不同，其意義也不同。如： he is still（還）standing there. he is standing there still（adj.不動的、靜止的）他站在那兒一動也不動。27also/ as well/ too/ either “也”. also較正式，位置通?？拷鼊釉~，用于句中；且用于肯定句中。如： he also plays football. 他也踢足球。 i was also there.我也在那兒。. too 多用于口語，通常置于句末，前邊須用逗號隔開，也可用于句中，且前后均須用逗號隔開，；用于肯定句中。如： he is a worker, too. the two cows, too, are white.那兩頭奶牛也全都是白的。. as well 是副詞短語，多用于口語，只用于句末。如： she not only taught us english but taught us maths as well.她不但教過我們英語，還教過我們數(shù)學(xué)。 he is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教師，也是一位作家。. either 用于否定句中，常置于句末。在肯定句變否定句時，其中的also, too, as well都要改為either. yesterday i didnt watch tv and i didnt see the film, either.昨天我沒有看電視，也沒有看電影。28for / from / since. 三者都能用來表示時間，但用法不同。 since “自從”，所表示的是一個時間點(diǎn)?？捎米鹘樵~，也可用作連詞，后接時間名詞或短語，或引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；要求前面的謂語動詞或主句的謂語動詞必須用完成時態(tài)，要用延續(xù)性動詞。而since引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞通常應(yīng)是短暫性的動詞。若接時間，則應(yīng)為點(diǎn)時間。如： he has worked there since1989. she has lived here since she moved here. from “自從” 只用作介詞，表一個事情的開始點(diǎn)，可用于過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r態(tài)。如： they worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. we have been good friends from childhood. for 作為介詞，后面接段時間，用于完成時、現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時，句中要用延續(xù)性動詞。如： well stay here for ten minutes.我們將在這兒呆10分鐘。 they have studied english for three yeas.29although/ though. although conj. “盡管、雖然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 though. 只是比though稍微正式些。多用于句首。though 用于非正式文體中，較普遍，但以下幾種用法，不能用although. 如： 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時，要用even though,如：even though i didnt understand a word, i kept smiling.盡管我一字不識，我還是一直微笑著。. though可用在倒裝句中，如：young though he is, he is quite experienced.他雖然年輕，但很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 though 可作副詞，表示“然而”放在句末或其它位置。如：he said he would come, he didnt though.他說他要來，結(jié)果他卻沒來。此外，although不用著副詞。在英語中如果用了although 或 though, 就不能再有but,但可以用yet 或still; 反之，如果用了but , 就不能用although 和 though. 如： although he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. = he is in poor health, but he works hard.雖然他身體不好，但他工作仍努力。although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.雖然天氣很冷，他未穿外衣就出去了。 he is quite strong, although very old. 他雖然很老了，但還是十分健壯。. though 常用作連詞，“雖然”。在口語中還用著副詞，一般放在句末，意為“可是、然而”等。如： he didnt light the fire, though it was cold. 天氣雖很冷，他卻還沒生火。 though it was very late, he went on working.雖然很晚了，他還是繼續(xù)工作。 he said he would come, he didnt, though. 他說他來，可是結(jié)果他沒有來。30 always / yet.