外文翻譯 附錄 1 瓦斯抽放技術(shù)方案及設(shè)計（節(jié)選） 吉利米柯（美） 3. 1 瓦斯抽放原理及理論依據(jù) 在全部垮落法管理頂板的采煤工作面 ,沿采面推進方向 ,頂板一般呈現(xiàn)煤壁支撐影響區(qū)、離層區(qū)和重新壓實區(qū)三區(qū) ,在離層區(qū)的垂直方向上 ,又可以分為冒落帶、裂隙帶和彎曲下沉帶。由于瓦斯密度較小 ,隨著采面的向前推進 ,瓦斯將沿離層區(qū)的冒落帶向上飄逆 ,從而在冒落裂隙帶內(nèi)大量積存。這些瓦斯一部分永久滯留在采空區(qū)內(nèi) ,一部分又在通風(fēng)負壓的作用下從老塘和上隅角涌出進入回風(fēng)流。頂板巖石鉆孔抽放瓦斯技術(shù)正是利用布置在煤層頂板中的鉆孔 ,在 抽放泵負壓的作用下 ,改變采空區(qū)內(nèi)冒落裂隙帶內(nèi)積存的這部分瓦斯流向 ,使之通過抽排系統(tǒng)直接進入礦井總回風(fēng)中 ,不再進入采面和回風(fēng)流 ,從而達到降低采面隅角和回風(fēng)流瓦斯?jié)舛鹊哪康摹?3. 2 鉆孔設(shè)計 根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式 h=m/(k-1)cos計算。告成煤礦煤層冒落裂隙帶高度在 1441m之間 (式中 ,h為冒落裂隙帶高度 ；m為煤層厚度 ；k為巖石碎脹系數(shù) ；為煤層傾角 )。根據(jù)各個工作面的實際情況 ,結(jié)合實際冒落裂隙帶高度 ,分別設(shè)計每個鉆場鉆孔的角度進行打鉆、抽放。 3. 3 鉆場、鉆孔的布置 (1) 鉆場布置。沿工作面回風(fēng) 巷每隔 40 50m施工一個壁龕式鉆場 ,鉆場深 5m,采用 2.6m 2.8m工字鋼對棚支護。 (2) 鉆孔布置。在鉆場內(nèi)向采面切巷方向以不同的方位角和不同的傾角布置鉆孔 ,鉆孔終孔控制切巷隅角以內(nèi) 20m左右 ,鉆孔長度為鉆場間距的 2倍 ,孔徑65 89mm,相鄰兩鉆場之間鉆孔的交叉長度保持在 40m以上 ,以保證鉆場鉆孔的接替。鉆孔的數(shù)量根據(jù)采面該區(qū)段瓦斯涌出量大小而設(shè)定。 3. 4 打鉆工藝 (1) 鉆進器具的選擇。根據(jù)“三軟”煤層滑動構(gòu)造頂板條件 ,鉆機鉆進能力與鉆孔設(shè)計長度之比要達到 1.5的比例 ,即施工鉆孔長度 100m 時 ,鉆機能力要達到 150m以上。另外 ,鉆桿直徑要達到 51mm以上 ,以滿足抗扭矩能力要求 ,防止斷鉆桿。 (2) 鉆進速度。采用傳統(tǒng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進 ,鉆進速度較慢 ,為此 ,我們與科研院所合作 ,探索打鉆新工藝 ,采用風(fēng)動沖擊鉆進 ,月進尺達到 1500m/臺以上 ,完全能夠保證采面鉆場的正常接替。 (3) 鉆場維護。在軟巖層中鉆孔極易塌孔和堵孔 ,影響鉆進和抽放效果 ,我們采取多次注漿固結(jié)鉆孔和下塑膠多孔管方法解決了這一問題。 3. 5 封孔工藝 根據(jù)鉆場迎頭巖層的不同情況 ,采用了兩種不同封孔方法。 (1)孔口管直接封孔 法。如果鉆場迎頭巖層比較完整 ,裂隙較少 ,直接下孔口管到鉆孔中 ,然后將整個斷面噴漿封閉 ,要求噴層覆蓋整個鉆場迎頭斷面及以外不少于 2m巷道。孔口管直徑為 100mm,長 3m,利用外端的法蘭盤直接與抽放支管聯(lián)接 ,該方法優(yōu)點是工藝簡單 ,加工方便 ,容易操作 ；缺點是開孔時要用大直徑鉆頭對封孔部分進行擴孔(我礦使用 127mm 鉆頭擴孔 ),原來密封性較差 ,但通過注漿加固 ,已解決了密封性問題。 (2) 聚胺脂封孔方法。封孔前將鉆場巷道全部噴漿封閉。封孔管使用 50mm鋼管 ,長 6m,將封孔管分為各 1.5m長的兩節(jié) ,在最里邊一節(jié) 鋼管兩端各焊一個擋板(相距 1m,擋板直徑略小于鉆孔直徑 )。將一塊 1m 1m毛巾的一邊固定在兩個擋板之間。封孔時 ,先將聚胺脂 15 A型和 B型兩種藥液 (1kg/個 )倒在容器中迅速攪拌均勻 ,將封孔管上的毛巾展開 ,將混合液體均勻糊在毛巾上、邊糊邊卷、然后將封孔管插進鉆孔中的預(yù)定位置 ,整個過程必須在 1min內(nèi)完成。每個鉆孔封孔長度為 5m,其密閉性能好。 3. 6 抽放系統(tǒng)基本情況 (1) 抽放系統(tǒng)。采面頂板瓦斯抽放采用移動泵站抽放 ,配備 SK-60真空泵 2套。抽放系統(tǒng)布置為 :主管 250mm 從抽放泵站沿 -100m回風(fēng)巷經(jīng)采面回風(fēng)聯(lián)絡(luò)巷鋪設(shè)到采面回風(fēng)巷各個鉆場處與各鉆場支管相聯(lián) ,抽出瓦斯由抽放泵站送至總回風(fēng)大巷中。 (2) 測試監(jiān)控手段。在抽放系統(tǒng)管道內(nèi)安裝 WCJX1型瓦斯抽放參數(shù)自動監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)并與礦井監(jiān)測監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)對抽放負壓、壓差、抽放濃度、流量、溫度進行定時監(jiān)測。為防止回風(fēng)大巷瓦斯超限 ,在泵站排氣口下風(fēng)側(cè) 30m處安裝瓦斯傳感器 ,并與泵站電源閉鎖。 (3) 水垢處理。因 SK-60泵是水環(huán)式真空泵 ,單采用水轉(zhuǎn)化處理裝置 ,除垢效果不理想。經(jīng)采用醋酸溶解的辦法來解決這個問題 ,每半月用 20kg醋酸將抽放泵泵軸及內(nèi)槽浸泡 8h,反復(fù)涮洗去垢 ,效果比較好。 4 結(jié)語 告成礦先后在 8個采煤工作面實施了頂板巖石鉆孔瓦斯抽放至今 ,累計施工抽放鉆場 76個 ,鉆孔總長度 32700多 m,共抽出瓦斯量 1610萬 m3,平均單孔抽出瓦斯1.5m3/min,采面平均瓦斯抽放率達到 20% 30%。采煤工作面配風(fēng)量從抽放前的1200m3/min以上 ,下降到 900m3/min以下。隅角及回風(fēng)流中瓦斯?jié)舛绕骄档土?.3% 0.5%,取得了較好的安全效果。同時充分發(fā)揮了采面生產(chǎn)能力 ,平均每個工作面月產(chǎn)量提高了 1.5萬多 t,創(chuàng)造了較好的經(jīng)濟效益。 附錄 2 gas drainage design and technology program M.L.Jeremic 3 .1 gas drainage design and technology program All falling in the administration of the coal face roof, Face advancing along the direction , Roof generally shows the impact of coal wall support, Separation zone and re-compaction District 3, Separation in the vertical direction, Can be divided into caving zone, fractured zone and bending subsidence zone. Because the gas density smaller, with the mining face forward, Cubas will be along the separation to take place, inverse floating upward, thus falling within the fracture zone of accumulation. These permanent part of stranded gas in the gob area, ventilation in part to the effects of negative pressure from the old pond and on the ground into the upper corner to Merry. Roof rock drainage gas drilling technology is used in the layout of the roof seam boreholes,Pump suction drainage in the role, Change the gob area falling within the fracture zone accumulation of this part of the gas flow , Make it through pumping and drainage system directly into the return air shaft, No longer enter the mining face and back airflow, Thus achieving lower mining face and the back corner Merry gas concentration purposes. 3.2 Bored Design According to empirical formula h = m / (k-1) cos calculation. Brought to a successful conclusion falling coal seam cracks in height between 14-41m . According to face all the actual situation and in light of the actual falling fracture height, Design of each respective field drilling boreholes drilled perspective, and the drainage. 3.3 Drilling market, boreholes Layout (1) drilling field layout. Face to the wind along the roadway every 40 50m construction of a niche market-drilling, Drill Field 5 m deep，Used two. 6m x 2. 8m I-beam right shelf supports. (2) drilling layout. In drilling site to Face Lane in a different direction and different azimuth angle layout bored ， Bored final hole control and Lane corner within 20 m, Borehole drilling length of the field two times the distance, Two adjacent borehole drilling field between the crossover length at 40 m above ， To ensure that the borehole drilling market to succeed. Bored amount of surface mining in the zone gas emission size settings. 3 4 Drilling Technology (1) Drilling apparatus choice. Under the soft coal seam roof sliding tectonic conditions, Drilling rigs and drilling design capacity ratio of the length to achieve a. 5 ratio ， Construction is bored length 100 m, the rig capacity to achieve over 150m. In addition, the drill pipe diameter to achieve the above 51mm to meet anti -torque capacity, to prevent broken drill pipe. (2) drilling speed. Using the traditional rotary drilling, drilling a slower pace, To this end, we cooperation with scientific research institutes, Exploration drilling new technology, using pneumatic percussion drilling, On footage reached 1500 m , over completely to ensure that mining face the normal drilling market succeed. (3) drilling field maintenance. Soft rock collapse easily bored and frustrated Kong Kong, the impact of drilling and suction effect, We carried out a number of drilling and grouting consolidation under plastic perforated pipe solution to the problem. 3. 5 sealing technology According to the market head-on rock drill to the different conditions, using two different methods of sealing. (1) opening of direct sealing method. If the market head-on rock drilling more comprehensive and less cracks, holes under the direct control of the bored, Then spray the entire section closed ， Asked sprayed layer covering the whole field drilling section head-on and off of not less than 2 m roadway. Orifice tube diameter of 100 mm and length of 3m, the use of outer side of the flange directly with the drainage pipe connected, The advantages of the process is simple, easy process, easy to operate； The drawback is when the hole with large diameter bit of sealing parts reaming .Sealing less original, but through the grouting reinforcement, had addressed the issue of sealing. (2) barrier sealing methods. Sealing before drilling market closed roadway all shotcrete. Sealing governing the use of 50mm steel tube, long 6m, Sealing of the pipe into 1. 5m long 2, the most inside a welded steel pipe ends of the one lagging . To a 1 m 1m towel on th e side of the fixed baffles between the two. 3. 6 basic drainage system (1) drainage system. Face roof gas drainage using mobile drainage pumping station, With SK-60 vacuum two sets. Drainage System Layout : Competent 250mm from the drainage pumping station along-wind 100m back alley by the mining face to the wind to contact the roadway laying Face to the wind all roadway Drill Field Offices and field drilling pipe linked, Extract gas from the drainage pumping sta