- 1 - 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 Relay protection development present situation 姓名 高俊亮 學(xué)號(hào) 20110821051032 專(zhuān)業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 - 2 - Relay protection development present situation LiXiaoXia Institution:Tianjin Electric Power Association Key word relay protection present situation development， relay protections future development Abstract reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, proposed the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization. 1 relay protection development present situation The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection proposed unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor forthe relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time. After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instructionfunction to the national relay protection technical teams establishment. The acheng relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advancedrelay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60s. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, wasour country relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation. From the end of the 50s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study.In the 60s to the 80s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the prot - 3 - ection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protectionto depend upon completely from the overseas import time. From the 70s, started based on the integration operational amplifier integratedcircuit protection to study. Has formed the complete series to at the end of 80s integrated circuit protection,substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plantcooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi- strip 220kv and on the 500kv line. Our country namely started the computer relay protection research from the end of the 70s , the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunners function. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Xian Jiaotong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microcomputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microcomputer protective device first through the appraisal, and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protected the promotionfor the microcomputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect,the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology develops loses magnetism protection, the generator protection and the generator?Bank of transformers protection also one after another in 1989, in 1994 through appraisal, investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microcomputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development microcomputer phase voltage compensated the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiaotong University and theXu Chang relay factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown component direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Heres, the different principle, the different type microcomputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of newgeneration of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been complete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microcomputer protective device research, in microcomputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 90s to enter the time which the microcomputer protected. 2 relay protections future development - 4 - The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to computerizes, theintellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development. 2.1 computerizes Along with the computer hardware swift and violent development, the microcomputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microcomputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microcomputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi- cpu structure,latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microcomputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microcomputers protection. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginninghas developed 16 cpu is the foundation microcomputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microcomputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microcomputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microcomputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment company develops one kind of function complete 32 big modules, a module was a minicomputer. Uses 32 microcomputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect; 32 microcomputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and computationspeed, very big addressing space, rich command system and many inputs outlet. The cpu register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in cpu. The electrical power system the request which protects to the microcomputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the networking by to share the entire system data, the information and the network resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microcomputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the computer protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a minicomputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, - 5 - the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microcomputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with complete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microcomputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed therelay protection installment which Cheng Yongtong microcomputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially becomes. This kind of equipment merit includes: hasthe 486pc machine complete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microcomputer. size and structure and present microcomputer protective device similar, the craft excellent, quakeproof, guards against has been hot, guards against electronmagetic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. uses the std main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module wilfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, is easy to expand. Relay protection installment , computerizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how furtherenhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. 2.2protections, control, survey, data communication integrations In realization relay protection computerizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multi-purpose computer, is in an entire electrical power system computer network intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the net, also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the network control center or no matter what a terminal.Therefore, each microcomputer protective device not only may complete the relayprotection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to complete the survey, the control, the data communication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data communication integration. At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to directto . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely complex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration computer installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the computer network, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the network - 6 - with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transformsthe electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the computationjudgment; On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the network. May to deliver from through the network by the protection device operation control command this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration installment. 2.3 intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve network, the genetic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve network is one non-linear mapping method, very many lists the complex non-linear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve network side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance short-circuits is a non-linear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move; If thinks after the network method, passes through the massive breakdowns sample training, so long as the sample centralism has fully considered each kind of situation, then in breaks down time any all may correctly distinguish. Other like genetic algorithms, the evolution plan and so on also all have its unique solution complex question the ability. May cause the solution speed these artificial intelligence method suitable unions to bequicker. The Tianjin University carries on the nerve network type relay protection from 1996 the research, has yielded the preliminary result . May foresee, the artificial intelligence technology must be able to obtain the application in the relay protection domain, by solves the problem which solves with difficulty with the conventional method. 3 Conclution Since the founding of Chinas electric power system protection technology has undergone four times. With the rapid development of power systems and computer technology, communications technology, relay technology faces the further development of the trend. Domestic and international trends in the development of - 7 - protection technologies: computerization, networking, protection, control, measurement, data communications integration and artificial intelligence, which made protection workers difficult task, but also opened up the activities of vast. References: 1 ZhouJunFeng. Our country relay the development of the industry are reviewed. Chinas electronic news, on July 29, 1999. 2 JinFuQun. In 2001, relay economic operation and recent outlook. Mechanical and electrical components, in June, 2002. 3 JinFuQun. In 2002, relay industry situation of economic operation and development prospect. The seventh national relay academic conference, in October, 2003. 4 ZhouJunFeng. Relay and technical development trend. Mechanical and electrical components, in June, 2003. - 8 - 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 李小霞 天津電力協(xié)會(huì) 【 關(guān)鍵詞 】繼電保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展， 繼電 保護(hù)的未來(lái)發(fā)展 【 摘要 】 回顧 我國(guó)電力系統(tǒng)繼保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，概述了微機(jī)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的成就，提出了未來(lái)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)將是：計(jì)算機(jī)化，電網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，保護(hù)，控制，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，數(shù)據(jù)通信一體 化和人工智能化。 1 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對(duì)繼電保護(hù)不斷提出新的要求，電子技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力，因此，繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)是有利的，在 40 多年的時(shí)間里已完成發(fā)展了 4 個(gè)歷史階段。 建國(guó)后，我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)學(xué)科、繼電保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)、繼電器制造工業(yè)和繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍 從無(wú)到有，在大約 10 年的時(shí)間里走過(guò)了先進(jìn)國(guó)家半個(gè)世紀(jì)走過(guò)的道路。 50 年代，我國(guó)工程技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造性地吸收、消化、掌握了國(guó)外先進(jìn)的繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備性能和運(yùn)行技術(shù)，建成了一支具有深厚繼電保護(hù)理論造詣和豐富運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)的繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍，對(duì)全國(guó)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍的建立和成長(zhǎng)起了指導(dǎo)作用。阿城繼電器廠引進(jìn)消化了當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)外先進(jìn)的繼電器制造技術(shù)，建立了我國(guó)自己的繼電器制造業(yè)。因而在 60 年代中我國(guó)已建成了繼電保護(hù)研究、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、運(yùn)行和教學(xué)的完整體系。這是機(jī)電式繼電保護(hù)繁榮的時(shí)代，為我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 自 50 年代末，晶體管繼電保護(hù)已在開(kāi)始研究。 60 年代中到 80 年代中是晶體管繼電保護(hù)蓬勃發(fā)展和廣泛采用的時(shí)代。其中天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研究的 500kv 晶體管方向高頻保護(hù)和南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的晶體管高頻閉鎖距離保護(hù)，運(yùn)行于葛洲壩 500 kv 線(xiàn)路上，結(jié)束了 500kv 線(xiàn)路保護(hù)完全依靠從國(guó)外進(jìn)口的時(shí)代。 在此期間，從 70 年代中，基于集成運(yùn)算放大器的集成電路保護(hù)已開(kāi)始研究。到 80 年代末集成電路保護(hù)已形成完整系列，逐漸取代晶體管保護(hù)。到 90 年代初集成電路保護(hù)的研制、生產(chǎn)、 - 9 - 應(yīng)用仍處于主導(dǎo)地位，這是集成電路保護(hù) 時(shí)代。在這方面南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的集成電路工頻變化量方向高頻保護(hù)起了重要作用，天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研制的集成電路相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保護(hù)也在多條 220kv 和 500kv 線(xiàn)路上運(yùn)行。 我國(guó)從 70 年代末即已開(kāi)始了計(jì)算機(jī)繼電保護(hù)的研究，高等院校和科研院所起著先導(dǎo)的作用。華中理工大學(xué)、東