初中英語虛擬語氣 英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如： If time permits, well go fishing together. 如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.（隱含的事實(shí)是：你昨天沒來，也沒見到那位著名教授）。虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。1.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句wish（wouldrather）+賓語從句suggest（）+賓語從句2.主語從句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表語從句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位語從句S+that+s+(should)+do3.定語從句Itis(high)timethat+S+didI.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例;S=主語)時間條件狀語從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+didS+would/should/could/might+do與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+haddoneS+would/should/could/might+havedone與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)didIf+SshoulddoS+would/should/could/might+doweretodo注意事項(xiàng)：1倒裝句。如果條件句中含有功能詞had，should，were時，可以省去If，把功能詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。2錯綜條件句。若條件句和主句動作不存在同一個時間，則謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。3Iftherewerent/hadnotbeen+=without4Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadntbeenfor=butfor5otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子6虛擬語氣的句子，but+陳述事實(shí)的句子虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。一一般情況下，英語虛擬語氣的形式有下列3種： 語境條件從句主句 例子1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去式：were/didwould/should/could/might + do(動詞原形)If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2.與將來事實(shí)相反(1). should+動詞原形(2).一般過去式：were/did(3)、were to+動詞原形would/should/could/might + do（動詞原形）If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.3.與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時：had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+ have doneIf I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David二.、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1.虛擬語氣的倒裝： 將if去掉，謂語動詞提前。如：If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up drinking.If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.2. 有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.（if從句是對過去的虛擬，主句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。）If I were you, I would have gone home.（if從句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，主句是對過去的虛擬。）三虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等表示“要求”“建議”的動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+動詞原形ask, move, propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.注意：* insist有兩個意思，當(dāng)表示“堅(jiān)持讓某人做某事”（含命令口吻）時，that從句用虛擬，如：He insists that we (should) go home now.當(dāng)表示“堅(jiān)持某種說法”時，that從句用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.*suggest也有兩個意思，當(dāng)表示“建議”時，that從句用虛擬語氣，如：I suggest that we should go home now.當(dāng)表示“暗示”時，that從句用陳述語氣。如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有證據(jù)偶讀暗示是他偷了錢。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： imperative, advisable, 動詞完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 動詞原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法主句謂語動詞that 從句謂語動詞例子現(xiàn)在的愿望：wish/wishes一般過去式:did或wereI wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。過去的愿望：wished過去完成式:had doneI wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)對將來的愿望：wish/wisheswould/could +動詞原形I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.虛擬語氣練習(xí)題( )1.Ifyouwereoldenough,I_youtogothereyesterday. A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed( )2.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce. A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring( )3._Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty. A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were( )4.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourclass. A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened( )5.HowIwishI_torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse. A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry( )6.Ifhe_totheteacherattentively,he_theanswertotheproblemnow. A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow( )7.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty. A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended( )8.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo. A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew( )9.Thetwostrangerstalksasifthey_friendsforyears. A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen( )10.Itishightimewe_upourresults. A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum( )11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed. A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes( )12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),we_intheexperiment. A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceeded C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded( )13.Itsabouttimepeople_noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar. A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake( )14.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread( )15.Isntitabouttimethatyou_topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork? A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo( )16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_freeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset( )17.Youradvicethat_tillnextweekisreasonable. A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited( )18.Itwasessentialthatwe_lease（條約、合同）beforetheendofthemonth. A.signB.signedC.hadsignedD.weresigning( )19.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight. A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone( )20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe_aChinese. A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen( )21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages. A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen( )22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFL_officeyourregistration. A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm( )23.IfIhadseenthemovie,I_youallaboutitnow. A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold( )24.IhadhopedthatJohn_ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths. A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend( )25.Idratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing. A.doB.didntdoC.dontD.didnt( )26.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewetheclass. A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.shouldstart( )27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor( )28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken( )29.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhi