.,第五章商務(wù)會議,Chapter5BusinessConference,.,第五章商務(wù)會議（BusinessConference）,Therearedifferentformsofinternationalbusinessconferences.Thestagesofbusinessconferences:1)welcomeandopeningremarks;2)introductiontoobjectivestobeachievedattheconference;3)briefhistoryreviewofthegivenbusinessissue;4)conferenceagenda;5)conferencespeechesordiscussionsbytheparticipantsandclosingremarksorspeeches;Theinterpreterissupposedto1)tobefamiliarwiththeprocessandthelanguageformatusedineachstage;2)toobservetheformalityoftheoccasioninthewaystheyaredressed,howtheybehaveandthelanguagestheyuse;3)toovercometensionandkeepcalm;,.,VocabularyWork,asolidfoundation:堅實的基礎(chǔ)；championsofreform:改革的成員；milestoneagreement:里程碑協(xié)定；emanateapolicy:發(fā)布一個政策；publicprocurement/governmentprocurement:政府采購；ratethequalityofpublicservices:給公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量打分；mobilizeandmanageresources:調(diào)動和管理資源；,.,VocabularyWork,multilateralandbilateralinstitutions:多邊和雙邊的機構(gòu)；healthcare:保??；taxcode:免稅代碼；taxbreak:減稅；deductible:可減免的；aphilosophicaldivide:很大的分歧；combatfraudandcorruption:解決欺詐腐?。籮urisdictionalboundaries:司法界線；,.,VocabularyWork,主旋律：thecalling;多極化：multi-polarity;經(jīng)濟全球化：enconomicglobalization;日新月異：makedailyadvance;南北差距拉大：wideninggapbetweenNorthandSouth;戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系：strategicpartnership;傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅：traditionalandnon-traditionalsecurity;,.,VocabularyWork,南北對話：North-Southdialogue;聯(lián)合國憲章：UNCharter;雙邊貿(mào)易：bilateraltrade;雙向投資：bilateralinvestment;高層互訪和交往：high-levelcontactsandmutualvisit;定期高層政治對話機制：regularhigh-levelpoliticaldialoguemechanism;精神動力和文化支持：intellectualmotivationandculturalsupport,.,SightInterpretation（1）,risk-taker:勇于冒險的人；innovationindustry:創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)；allocatecapital:配置資本；entrepreneurinprivatesector:私人企業(yè)家；,.,SightInterpretation（2）,亞歐首腦會議：ASEM;財金政策：fiscalandfinancialpolicy;國際金融體制的改革和完善：thereformandimprovementoftheinternationalfinancialsystem;能力建設(shè)：capacitybuilding亞歐信托基金：theAsia-EuropeTrustFund;,.,Note-taking（1）,customercalls:客戶來訪；boardmeetings:董事會；recruitingmeeting:人員錄用會議；one-on-one:一對一；,.,Note-taking（2）,維護國際貿(mào)易的有序進行：maintainorderinglobaltrade;多哈回合：DohaRound;削減農(nóng)業(yè)補貼和關(guān)稅：cutagriculturalsubsidiesandtariffs互補：complement區(qū)域一體化：regionalintegration,.,SentencesinFocus(E-C),landmark:劃時代意義；debtrelief:債務(wù)減免；embarkonanuncertainjourney:前途未卜；,.,SentencesinFocus(C-E),多極化：multi-polarity;當(dāng)今時代的主流：thegeneraltrendofourtimes;切實履行應(yīng)盡的國際義務(wù)：honoringoodfaithourinternationalobligations;遠隔重洋：vastoceanskeepfarapart;攜手并肩，昂首闊步：joinhandsandendeavor建議：一些語句不好翻譯時可以從其真正含義來翻譯,.,TextInterpreting(Passage1),Avianflu:禽流感；theWorldBankGroup:世界銀行集團；attheforefrontof:帶頭；demandtransparentandaccountablegovernmentsthatdeliverresults:要求透明負責(zé)的政府，能夠切實做出成績的政府；makeovertime:日積月累；inthatspirit:本著.精神；intendedpurpose:既定目的；,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage1),Avianflu,theappetiteforcleanenergyandthedevastationofnaturaldisastersknownoborders.增詞：傳播，；三個名詞短語動態(tài)化才能繼續(xù)說明其在全球范圍內(nèi)的影響；knownoborders可以簡單明了地譯為“是不分國界的”,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage1),Today,theWorldBankGroupisattheforefrontofinternationaleffortstoraiseandadministerfundstomeetchallengeslikethesethatconfrontrichandpoorcountriesalike.詞序調(diào)整定語先翻：internationalefforts后有不定式作定語修飾建議：遵從漢語習(xí)慣對對語句進行調(diào)整,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage1),Aone-size-fits-allapproachwillsimplynotwork.aone-size-fits-allapproach指一種普通適用的方法或者放之四海而皆準的道理，但此處若翻譯成名詞短語稍顯拗口，可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性；建議：在翻譯英語/漢語同一個詞時，要注意根據(jù)具體的語境靈活的翻譯，富于變化。,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage2),hearacommoncomplaint:經(jīng)常聽到抱怨說；feelverypinchedby:飽受其苦；poolrisk:分擔(dān)風(fēng)險；,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage2),Ibelievethebestwaytodealwiththefrustrationsofthehighcostofhealthcareanduninsuredistochangethetaxcode,istomakehealthcareintheprivatesectormoreaffordableandmoreavailable.簡單單詞復(fù)雜譯uninsured:一些享受不到醫(yī)療保障的雇員moreaffordable:企業(yè)有財力承擔(dān)moreavailable:更多雇員可以享受醫(yī)療保障,.,E-CInterpretation(Passage2),And,therefore,IhaveproposedtotheUnitedStatesCongressthatwehave$15,000deductibleforfamiliesanda$7,500deductiblefoindividuals,allaimedatencouragingpeopletobeabletoaffordinsuranceandaimedattheencouragementofthedevelopmentofanindividualmarket.dedutible:可從稅收入中扣除的，即該部分收入是免稅的aimedatencouraging和aimedatencouragement平行譯為“旨在鼓勵”即可。,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage1),主旋律：thecallingofthetimes;日新月異：makedailyadvance;中非新型戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系：China-Africastrategicpartnership;平等互信：qualityandmutualtrust;互利共贏：win-win;千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)：MillenniumDevelopmentGoals;,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage1),世界多極化和經(jīng)濟全球化的趨勢深入發(fā)展，科技進步日新月異，區(qū)域合作方興未艾，各國相互依存不斷加深，這些都為世界各國帶來了難得的發(fā)展機會。深入發(fā)展：注意不同語境的不同翻譯建議：為使句子簡潔明了，可使用非限制性關(guān)系從句,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage1),保持高層互訪和交往勢頭，建立定期高層政治對話機制，開展戰(zhàn)略對話，增強政治互信，加深傳統(tǒng)友誼，實現(xiàn)團結(jié)共進。增詞：主語we建議：單一采用動詞加賓語容易使句子教枯燥，可從內(nèi)容分析邏輯關(guān)系,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage2),中美建交：establishmentofdiplomatictiesbetweenChinaandtheU.S.;共同努力：jointefforts;雙向投資：two-wayinvestment;外資來源地：investmentsources;走出去：goglobal;借鑒：buildonthesuccessfulstories;,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage2),目前，美國已成為中國企業(yè)“走出去”拓展海外業(yè)務(wù)的重要目的地之一。建議：在翻譯中，一些很簡單的語句需要理解其真正含義，不能直譯（走出去）,.,C-EInterpretation(Passage2),當(dāng)然，也要看到，作為一個發(fā)展中國家，中國企業(yè)進行海外投資還缺乏經(jīng)驗，希望中國的企業(yè)家們充分學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒包括美國在內(nèi)的眾多跨國公司海外投資的成功經(jīng)驗，加強對外合作，在開拓國際業(yè)務(wù)方面取得新的進展。建議：英語不能“一逗到底”，可以拆分成幾個句子分別表達意群。同時注意邏輯關(guān)系；,.,VocabularyDevelopment（1）,internationaldiplomacy:國際外交；SED(StrategicEconomicDialgue):戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)濟對話；APECFinanceMinistersmeeting:亞太經(jīng)合組織財長會議；addresstheissue:討論這一問題；globalclimatechange:全球氣候變化；aforestationproject:造林工程；infantmortality:嬰兒死亡；Cabinetmeeting:內(nèi)閣會議；submitthebudget:提交預(yù)算；vetoabill:否決提案；staffinthefieldandatheaquarters:在外地和總部的工作人員；,.,VocabularyDevelopment（2）,有效機制：effectivemechanism;本著友誼、和平、合作、發(fā)展的宗旨：inpursuitoffriendship,peace,cooperationanddevelpment;促進發(fā)展中國家團結(jié)合作：promoteunityandcooperationamongdevelopingcountries;經(jīng)受歷史歲月和國際風(fēng)云變幻的考驗：endurethetestoftimeandchangesintheworld;真誠友好、平等相待、相互支持、共同發(fā)展的原則：theprincipleofsincerity,mutualsupportandcommondevelopment;持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界：aharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity;構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會：establishaharmonioussocialistsociety;社會消費品零銷售總額：theaggregatesalesofconsumergoods;社會生產(chǎn)資料銷售總額：theaggregatesalesofcapitalgood;,.,口譯技巧順譯,同聲傳譯或視譯要在獲得完整信息之前就進行翻譯。漢語和英語在句式結(jié)構(gòu)及表達順序方面存在很大的差異，因此譯員根據(jù)原文順序，把句子切成若干單位，再通過適當(dāng)增補和刪減將這些單位組合起來，譯出整體意思，才能減少在語言轉(zhuǎn)換上所花的精力，盡量縮小譯文與原文的時間差。1、切分將原語句子分成若干個意群。2、增補與刪減原語句子切分后，翻譯時為了符合目的語的語言習(xí)慣，補充缺失成分、刪掉多余成分3、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換通過變化詞性使原句切分后各個單位在邏輯上和意義上能夠銜接起來。,.,InterpretationSkillsPractice(1),frompovertytoprosperity:從貧困走向了繁榮興盛；driveprogress:推動進