Halloween!,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái),Halloween,HalloweenisaholidaycelebratedonOctober31intheUSA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,LatinAmerica,andSpain.,HalloweendatesbacktotheancientCelticfestivalofSamhain(pronouncedsow-in).TheCelticpeopleslivedover2,000yearsagointheareathatisnowIreland,theUnitedKingdom,andNorthernFrance.在2000多年前的愛(ài)爾蘭地區(qū)及法國(guó)北部，住著一群凱爾特人，而萬(wàn)圣節(jié)就是起源于古塞爾特人的一個(gè)叫做Samhain的節(jié)慶。,FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.,FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.Thistimeofyearwasoftenassociatedwithhumandeath.,凱爾特人選在每年11月1日慶祝新年，正值夏天結(jié)束，冬天剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)節(jié)多半讓人聯(lián)想到黑暗的死亡。,TheCeltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.Thus,onthenightofOctober31st,theycelebratedSamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoEarthtocausemischiefandtrouble.,凱爾特人相信在新年的前一晚，陰間和陽(yáng)間的大門不再門禁森嚴(yán)，此時(shí)陰間的鬼魂會(huì)趁機(jī)跑出來(lái)，為陽(yáng)間的人們帶來(lái)厄運(yùn)。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凱爾特人會(huì)慶祝Samhain這個(gè)節(jié)日，以趨魔避邪。,Tocommemoratetheevent,peoplebuilthugesacredbonfireswhereanimalsandcropsweresacrificedtotheGodsforprotection,andtohelpscareghostsaway.TheCeltsalsoworecostumestodisguisethemselves,inanattempttoconfusethespiritsroamingtheEarth.,凱爾特人借著神圣的營(yíng)火，燃燒獻(xiàn)祭的動(dòng)物和尸體，以趕走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保護(hù)。同時(shí)，凱爾特人也會(huì)假扮成鬼的樣子，企圖混淆跑到陽(yáng)間的鬼魂。,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的象征物,pumpkinlantern,mask,ghost,costume,candy,chocolate,sharpteeth(tooth),trickortreat,Jack-o-lantern,Jake-O-Lantern,Carvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“Jack-o-lanterns.”Traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.Theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.TheyalsoservedasprotectionfromevilspiritsfreedfromthedeadonHalloweennight.InNorthAmerica,turnips,potatoes,andbeetswerenotasreadilyavailable,sothepumpkinwasusedandfoundtobeasuitablereplacement.眾人皆知的杰克南瓜燈是刻在南瓜上，但人們一開(kāi)始是在蘿卜，馬鈴薯或甜菜上刻燈籠，然后挖空并點(diǎn)燃蠟燭在里面，形成燈籠。這些燈籠代表著過(guò)世的親友，并被放置在窗邊或門廊上，以歡迎他們回來(lái)。他們也被視為可趨魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，蘿卜，馬鈴薯和甜菜很罕見(jiàn)，因此常見(jiàn)的南瓜就成了非常適合的代替品。,Jack-o-lanterns,PeoplehavebeenmakingJack-o-lanternsonHalloweenforcenturies.ThepracticeoriginatedfromanIrishmythaboutamanknownas“StingyJack.”StingyJackonedayinvitedtheDeviltohaveadrinkwithhim.Notwantingtopayforthedrink,hetrickedtheDevilintoturninghimselfintoacoin,andthenputtheDevilintohispocketnexttoacrossthatpreventedtheDevilfromchangingbackintohisoriginalform.JackfreedtheDevilaftertheDevilpromisednottobotherJackor,shouldhedie,claimhissoul.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)刻杰克南瓜燈的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)有幾世紀(jì)的歷史了。為什么要取名為杰克呢？在愛(ài)爾蘭人的傳說(shuō)中有個(gè)有名的小氣杰克。有一天小氣杰克請(qǐng)魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小氣杰克卻小氣地不想付錢，所以他就騙魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己變成一枚硬幣，魔鬼變成硬幣后，小氣杰克迅速地把硬幣放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼變回原形。之后，魔鬼對(duì)小氣杰克發(fā)誓，他絕對(duì)不會(huì)對(duì)小氣杰克報(bào)仇，也保證杰克死了也不會(huì)讓他下地獄。這時(shí)，小氣杰克才讓魔鬼變回原形。,Eventually,whenJackdiddie,GodwouldnottakehimintoHeaven,andtheDevil,whohadpromisednottoclaimJackssoul,couldnottakehimintoHell.Thus,theDevilsentJacksspiritintothenightwithonlyaburningcandletolighthisway.JackputthecandleintoacarvedturnipandhasbeenroamingtheEartheversince.TheIrishbegantorefertothisghostlyfigureas“JackoftheLantern,”andthensimplyas“Jack-o-lantern.”,到小氣杰克死掉后，上帝不允許他進(jìn)入天堂，而魔鬼曾答應(yīng)過(guò)他不會(huì)讓他下地獄，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就讓他的靈魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留給他一根燃燒的蠟燭來(lái)指引他從此以后，杰克就把蠟燭放在挖空刻好的蘿卜里，并且一直留在人間嚇人。愛(ài)爾蘭人一開(kāi)始稱之為杰克的南瓜燈籠(JackoftheLantern)，后來(lái)簡(jiǎn)稱為杰克南瓜燈(Jack-o-lantern)。,SymbolsofHalloween,ModerndayHalloweencelebrationsusemanysymbolstohelpmaketheholidaymoreinterestingSomeoftheseinclude現(xiàn)代人用許多東西來(lái)慶祝萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，讓這個(gè)節(jié)日變得更有趣。你知道是哪些東西嗎？,蝙蝠是其中一項(xiàng)，因?yàn)轵鹬蛔≡趬災(zāi)?，洞穴和廢棄的教堂或建筑物中，又因?yàn)轵鸪Ａ钊寺?lián)想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他們被視為邪惡的象征。在傳說(shuō)中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因?yàn)槲鹗俏ㄒ灰环N飲血維生的哺乳類動(dòng)物，因此蝙蝠常讓人聯(lián)想到死亡或邪惡的儀式。,BATS,Becausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.Theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.Itissuperstitionthatwitchesandvampirescantaketheformofabat.Sincethevampirebatistheonlymammalthatfeedsonblood,theyareoftenlinkedtodeathandoccultrituals.,WITCHES,女巫因?yàn)闀?huì)算命又會(huì)下好咒語(yǔ)和壞咒語(yǔ)，人們相信女巫們的能力在10月31日這天會(huì)最強(qiáng)，所以讓很多人很害怕她們。幾世紀(jì)以來(lái)，女巫的形象改變?cè)S多，以前人們認(rèn)為，女巫都是綠皮膚，長(zhǎng)的很老，臉上布滿皺紋?，F(xiàn)在則很多人認(rèn)為女巫的能力可以是邪惡或具有智慧的。,Witcheswerethoughttobetellersoffortuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.ThisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerethestrongestonHalloweennight.Theimageofawitchhaschangedgreatlyoverthecenturies.Oncethoughttobeold,wrinkled,greenskinnedhags,manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.,Broomsticks,女巫和掃把形影不離已有幾世紀(jì)之久，通常女巫會(huì)騎著掃把在夜晚飛行，而她們的同伴黑貓會(huì)坐在掃把的另一端陪著她們飛行會(huì)什么女巫會(huì)和掃把形影不離呢？因?yàn)樵谌f(wàn)圣節(jié)那天，通常會(huì)下著雨，而女巫們需要用掃把掃掉地上的大水坑，或地上的積水以便行走。,Witchesandbroomsticksgohandinhand.Theyhavebeenassociatedforcenturies.Often,witchesaredepictedridingthemacrossthenightskywithablackcatononeend.ItisbelievedthatbecauseHalloweenoccurredduringtherainyseason,womenusedtheirbroomstickstovaultoverlargepuddlesandtosweepwateroutoftheirpathswhilewalking.Thus,thetwobecameassociated.,OWLS,SuperstitionssuggestthatowlsatethesoulsofthedyingbyswoopingtoEarth.Owlsscreechesandtheirglassystareareanomenofdeathanddisaster.Theowlisrarelyseenduringthedayandisassociatedwithnightbehaviors.傳說(shuō)中，貓頭鷹會(huì)從天空俯沖下來(lái)吃掉人的靈魂。貓頭鷹的叫聲和眼神讓人聯(lián)想到死亡和災(zāi)難。再者，貓頭鷹很少在白天出現(xiàn)，也都讓人不得不認(rèn)為他們是屬于黑暗和恐怖。,BLACKCATS,Cats,forcenturies,havebeenconsideredtobespiritualanimalsthathavetheabilitytosensegoodandbadspirits.Westernsuperstitionsdetailthatblackcatsareabletorepresentspiritsorincarnatedhumans,therebylinkingthemtowitchcraft.Blackisalsothecolormostcommonlyassociatedwithevil.從幾世紀(jì)前，人們就認(rèn)為貓是一種有靈性的動(dòng)物，它們能感應(yīng)到好或壞的靈魂。西方的傳說(shuō)里，有一種說(shuō)法，黑貓是靈魂的化身。此外，黑色也是邪惡象征。,Ghosts&Skeletons,Ghostsareuniversalsymbolsforthedeparted.Skeletonsandbonesaresymbolsofdeathandshortnessoflife.SinceHalloweensoriginslieasthefestivalofthedead,itseemsonlyfittingthatghostsandskeletonswouldbeused.,鬼魂是公認(rèn)的死亡象征骷髏象征死亡和短暫的生命。既然萬(wàn)圣節(jié)一開(kāi)始就是一個(gè)鬼節(jié)，當(dāng)然鬼魂和骷髏就理所當(dāng)然成了萬(wàn)圣節(jié)必見(jiàn)的東西。,Spiders&Webs,Whilemanyculturesfeelthatthespiderandwebrepresenttheweavingoflife,inreferencetoHalloween,theyrepresentdark,spookyplacesandhauntedhouseslongforgotten.很多文化都視蜘蛛和蜘蛛網(wǎng)為編織生命的象征，但在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，他們卻象征著黑暗，恐怖的地方或長(zhǎng)久被遺忘的鬼屋。,OtherSymbols,OthersymbolsrelatedtoHalloweenincludethecolorsblackandorange,scarecrows,themoon,vampires,werewolves,andthewearingofmasks.其它還包括了黑色和橘色，烏鴉，月亮，吸血鬼，狼人和面具。,怎樣過(guò)萬(wàn)圣節(jié)呢？,carebaredare,scare,Q1:WhenisHalloween?Q2:Whatclothesdochildrenwear?,Theywearscaryclothes.,whoooo.,Fillintheblanks:Theywearscaryclothes.They_(,)thepeople.,scare,scary,sweets,Itsan_festival.,autumn,Theywear_clothes.,scary,Theygotopeoples_.,houses,They_thepeople.,scare,Peoplegivethem_.,sweets,That