.中學(xué)英語介詞的分類及用法I介詞分類：1簡單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considering(就而論), including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介詞區(qū)別：1表示時間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關(guān)2表示時間的since, fromsince 指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始3表示時間的in, afterin指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5表示“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿過”的through, acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關(guān)7表示“關(guān)于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between與among的區(qū)別between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間9besides與except的區(qū)別besides指“除了還有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以地位或身份”，like為“象一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)），into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置介詞的句法功能：介詞不能獨立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1、作定語：The book on the table is mine.2、作狀語：We have breakfast at seven.（表時間）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表語：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作賓語補足語：I found him in the office.（二）主要介詞區(qū)別1、表示時間的at, in, on：at表示片刻的時間，如：at 8 oclock ，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的時間，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示時間的since和from：since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示時間的in和after：兩者都表示“在（某個時間）之后，區(qū)別在于in表示“在（一段時間）之后”，而after則表示“在（某一具體時間點之后）”，in短語和將來時態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過去時里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿過”的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到盡頭”，既可指時間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨使用；by the end of 作“在結(jié)束時”，“到末為止”解，只能指時間。不可單獨使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西，如果強調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時，總是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，減去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 與except意思近似，表示“除了外”經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如無就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面則跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事實是父親）；like作“象一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事實上不是父親）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）； in the front of則是“在前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等終止性動詞連用時，也可以表示動向。如：I have put the coin in (into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。練習(xí)： 介 詞1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books.A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _ wood.A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from3. Mary dropped in _ Mr Smith, but he wasn t at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr Smiths office.A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A. with, with B.in,inC. in, withD. with, in5. His grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold.A.from,of B.of,fromC.from,from D.of.of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither.A.into B.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mistake _ students.A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.toC.atD.as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy.A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, withC. behind, inD. behind, at11. Nobody knows it _ me.A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for13. It happened _ the Long March.A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike.A.in B.on C.by D.ove15. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health.A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,forC.for,forD.on.on18.The group is made up_five students. And they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time.A.of,of B.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19.The PLA man saved the boy _ death.A. of B.from C.to D.on20. He will come _ three days.A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. beforeC. laterD. after22. He will return_ three oclock.A.after B.in C.on D.at23. He wrote the article _ three days.A.at B.inC.on D.by24.I agree _ what you said.A.to B.on C.with D.at25. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)?A.at B.withC.on D.to26. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.A.on B.to C.with D.at27. Do you often hear_ your brother?A. of B. from C. out of D. about28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it.A. out B.from C.of D.with29. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.past31.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A. acrossB. throughC.byD.past32. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. throughC. pastD.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.WithC. UnderD. Without34. The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of35. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of36. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C.during D.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. without38. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about39. My father was disappointed _ the news.A. by B. about C. atD. on40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _October,1998 and came back home _the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;atC.in;onD.by;from41 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;atC.on;inD.of;to42. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A. since B. unlessC. becauseD. without43. He is running _the wind towards the east of the station _Tom is running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _the beauty of nature that he stayed _another night.A.at;on B.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45. Many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at46. - Do you go there _ bus?- No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;onC.by;inD.by; with47. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machine.A. in; in B.in; withC. with; byD. with; with48. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; inC. in; byD. from; in49. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at B.of;inC.of;onD. for; during50. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. butC. besidesD. beside51. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; inC. if; forD. though; at52. - How long has the bookshop been in business?-_1982.A. After B.InC.FromD.Since53. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.withC.forD.of55. Something must be done to prevent our city _ by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody butC. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together withB. likeC. and notD. but in addition to58. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.atC.toD.on59. His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.inC.onD.after60. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.onC.forD.of61 .The word write has the same pronunciation _ the word right.A. of B.asC.toD.from62. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.A. at; until B. for; afterC.at;byD. before; around63. Go _ the gate and you 11 find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by64. One _ five will have the chance to join in the game.A. within B. amongC. inD. from65. Because of her devotion _ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.A. in B. to C. with D. on66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_ color?A. in B. / C. with D. of67. Some people say that we live _ the age of computers.A. in B. at C. with D. for68. -May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? -Welcome _ open arms.A. with B. by C. in D. for69. _ defeated, they didnt lose heart.A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _ the end of this year.A. at B. by C. for D. till71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _5:40p.m.at the latest.A. untilB. afterC. byD. around (97NMET 11)72. The boy ought to have gone to school _, but he slept _noon. A. in the morning, atB. that morning, at C. in that morning, until D. that morning, until (93 上海)73. The doctor will be free _. A. 10 minutes later B. after ten minutes C. in ten minutes D. 10 minutes after(92MET. 20)74. _most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. For D. To (98上海高考題 2)75. Lets walk over _the shop on the other side of the street. A. in B. to C. under D. by (93上海)76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _20 percent. A . by B. at C. to D. with (99 上海高考)77. _production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. . As B. For C. With D. Through (2000NMET. 18)78. Does John know any other foreign language _French?A. except B. butC. besides D. beside (89MET. 13)79. I know nothing about the young lady _she is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides (2000 上海高考13)80. -You are so lucky. -What do you mean _that? (2002年春招)A. forB. inC. ofD. by全國各省市高考試卷中的介詞試題:1（全國卷）There were a lot of people standing at the door and the