unit5nelsonmandelaamodernhero,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),考點(diǎn)知識(shí),基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)抓主干固雙基,1.meanadj.2.generousadj.3.easy-goingadj.4.selfn.5.selfishadj.6.selflessadj.7.selflesslyadv.8.invadern.,吝嗇的;自私的;卑鄙的,慷慨的;大方的,隨和的;溫和寬容的,自我;自身,自私的,無(wú)私的;忘我的,無(wú)私地;忘我地,侵略者,9.republicn.10.principlen.11.livelihoodn.12.mankindn.13.lawyern.14.legaladj.15.feen.16.leaguen.17.youthleague.18.quoten.19.releasevt.,共和國(guó);共和政體,法則;原則;原理,生計(jì);謀生,人類(lèi),律師,法律的;依照法律的,費(fèi)(會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)等);酬金,同盟;聯(lián)盟;聯(lián)合會(huì),青年團(tuán),引用語(yǔ);語(yǔ)錄,釋放;發(fā)行,20.blanketn.21.terrorn.22.anti-前綴.23.anti-blackadj.24.warm-heartedadj.,毛毯;毯子,恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖時(shí)期;恐怖活動(dòng),反;抗;阻,反黑人的,熱心腸的,1.n.質(zhì)量;品質(zhì);性質(zhì)2.adj.積極的;活躍的3.vt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身;專心于4.adj.忠實(shí)的;深?lèi)?ài)的5.vt.建立;建設(shè)6.adj.和平的;平靜的;安寧的7.adj.懷有希望的;有希望的8.n.青年;青年時(shí)期9.n.指導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)10.n.舞臺(tái);階段;時(shí)期,quality,active,devote,devoted,found,peaceful,hopeful,youth,guidance,stage,11.vt.乞求,vote,attack,equal,willing,unfair,escape,educate,educated,beg,20.n.親戚;親屬21.n.報(bào)酬;獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞;獎(jiǎng)賞22.vt.判決;宣判23.n.總統(tǒng);會(huì)長(zhǎng);校長(zhǎng);行長(zhǎng)24.n.意見(jiàn);看法;主張25.n.暴力;暴行26.n.殘忍;殘酷,relative,reward,sentence,president,opinion,violence,cruelty,1.activeadj.積極的;活躍的adv.積極地;活躍地n.活動(dòng)2.devotevt.獻(xiàn)身;專心于adj.忠實(shí)的;深?lèi)?ài)的n.關(guān)愛(ài);獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn);忠誠(chéng)3.peacefuladj.和平的;平靜的;安寧的adv.和平地n.和平;平靜;和睦4.guidancen.指導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)vt.帶領(lǐng),引導(dǎo)n.向?qū)?.violencen.暴力;暴行adj.暴力的;猛烈的adv.猛烈地,actively,activity,devoted,devotion,peacefully,peace,guide,violent,violently,6.equaladj.相等的;平等的n.平等;相等adv.同樣地;相等地;公平地7.educatevt.教育;訓(xùn)練adj.受過(guò)教育的;有教養(yǎng)的n.教育n.教育工作者;教育家8.crueltyn.殘忍;殘酷adj.殘忍的;殘酷的,equality,equally,educated,education,educator,cruel,1.失業(yè)2.在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中3.喪失勇氣或信心4.當(dāng)權(quán);上臺(tái)5.求助于;致力于6.事實(shí)上7.使充氣;爆炸8.設(shè)立;建立9.被判處(徒刑),outofwork,introuble,loseheart,cometopower,turnto,asamatteroffact,blowup,setup,besentencedto,1.thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利,阻擋了我們的進(jìn)步2.wedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。3.ifeltbaditalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一個(gè)(參觀)小組談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時(shí),心里覺(jué)得很不好受。,thelastthirtyyearshaveseen,onlythendid,thefirsttime,theattributiveclause()(where,when,why,prep.+whichwhom)定語(yǔ)從句()(where,when,why,prep.+whichwhom),考點(diǎn)知識(shí)解疑難提知能,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.devotevt.獻(xiàn)身;專心于,devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于;致力于;專心于devote.to.把奉獻(xiàn)于bedevotedto深?lèi)?ài);致力于devotionto對(duì)的專心投入奉獻(xiàn)忠誠(chéng)等,單句填空othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressure(devote)theirdowntimetointernships(實(shí)習(xí))orstudy,theresstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.(2018年11月浙江,閱讀理解b)mothers(devote)tochildrencanhardlybecalculated.,todevote,devotion,特別提示在短語(yǔ)devote.to中to為介詞,其后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式,類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)還包括:lookforwardto期盼;getdownto開(kāi)始著手做;begetusedto習(xí)慣于;begetaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;leadto導(dǎo)致;payattentionto注意;objectto反對(duì)。,2.equaladj.相等的;勝任的;平等的n.同等的人;相等物v.等于;抵得上,完成句子bill(勝任)(thetaskof)runningtheoffice.afterall,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,(同等生存的權(quán)利).(2019江蘇,完形填空),isequalto,equalrightstosurvive,3.escapev.逃生,完成句子(午餐間隙)allowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.(2019全國(guó),閱讀理解c)他險(xiǎn)些溺死。henarrowly.翻譯句子我記不起他的名字了。，,alunchtimeescape,escapedbeingdrowned,hisnameescapesme.,4.rewardn.報(bào)酬,報(bào)答,獎(jiǎng)賞;酬金v.酬勞,酬謝,報(bào)答,獎(jiǎng)賞,完成句子ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomething(值得言語(yǔ)贊揚(yáng)).(2019年6月浙江,概要寫(xiě)作)我想做點(diǎn)什么報(bào)答她的好意。idliketodosomething.作者的母親拿書(shū)來(lái)獎(jiǎng)賞他。theauthorsmother.,thatdeservesaverbalreward,inrewardforherkindness,rewardedhimwithbooks,詞語(yǔ)辨析:,用reward,award的適當(dāng)形式填空hewasgoldenlion,whichhimforhisachievementinfilms.他被授予金獅獎(jiǎng),以此獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他在電影方面的成就。,awarded,rewarded,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),1.outofwork失業(yè)(=outofajob),用out的詞組填空他必須正視失業(yè)這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。hemustfacetherealityofbeing.街角的電話又壞了。thephoneatthestreetcornerisagain.,outofwork,outoforder,2.introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中(表狀態(tài)),特別提示“bein+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)beinanger生氣beinsurprise驚訝beinahurry匆匆忙忙地,完成句子gettingalittlecloser,irealizedonekayak(皮劃艇)(陷入困境).(2018全國(guó),完形填空)如果你這樣擺弄危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品,你簡(jiǎn)直是在自討苦吃。ifyouplaywithdangerouschemicalslikethatyourejust.他們費(fèi)了很大的勁才說(shuō)服父親和他們住在一起。theytheirfathertolivewiththem.媽媽的心不在焉不僅讓我們陷入困境,而且還給了我們?cè)S多有趣的時(shí)刻。momsbeingabsent-mindednotonly,butalsogaveusmanyfunnymoments.(2017年11月浙江,讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)),wasintrouble,askingfortrouble,tookgreattroubletopersuade,gotusintomuchtrouble,3.loseheart喪失信心,用heart的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子當(dāng)sally發(fā)現(xiàn)她的新學(xué)生中有很多問(wèn)題時(shí),她沒(méi)有失去信心。whensallyfoundthereweresomanyproblemsamonghernewstudents,shedidnt.我從心底里感謝她。ithankedher.事實(shí)上,世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。asamatteroffact,nothingistoodifficultifyou.,特別提示短語(yǔ)“l(fā)oseheart”中heart前不許有任何修飾、限定成分,heart也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,loseheart,fromthebottomofmyheart,putyourheartintoit,etointopower當(dāng)權(quán);上臺(tái),用power的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空新總統(tǒng)上個(gè)月開(kāi)始執(zhí)政。thenewpresidentlastmonth.我恐怕無(wú)力幫助你。imafraiditsnottohelpyou.這臺(tái)電腦給你5%的折扣,這真的超出了我的權(quán)限。itisreallytogiveyoua5%discountforthiscomputer.,cameintopower,inmypower,beyondmypower,重點(diǎn)句型,1.onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。,完成句子只有在一年的友好討論之后,garza女士才最終同意。didms.garzafinallysayyes.onlyonspecialoccasions(場(chǎng)合)(他們會(huì)把它拿出來(lái))andletusholditinourhands,”adelinesays.(2019年6月浙江,閱讀理解a),onlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussion,特別提示only修飾名詞或代詞位于句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不用倒裝。如:onlyadoctorcandoit.只有醫(yī)生才能這樣做。,wouldtheytakeitout,2.ifeltbadthefirsttimeitalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一個(gè)(參觀)小組談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時(shí),心里覺(jué)得很不好受。句中的名詞短語(yǔ)thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“第一次時(shí)”。,完成句子他第一次上這位年輕老師的課時(shí)就感興趣。hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacherslesson.他一回到家就把欠我們的錢(qián)還上了。hepaidbackthemoneyheowedus.每次我在公園里看到這位老人時(shí),他都在專注地讀報(bào)。inthepark,heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.,thefirsttimeheattendedhisclass,immediatelyhereturnedhome,eachtimeiseetheoldman,特別提示forthefirsttime只用作句子的狀語(yǔ),不具有連詞功能,不可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)