附錄Fseriesofmini-carcrankshaftmachiningprocessCrankshaftisapistonengine,oneofthemainpartsandcomponents,usedtothereciprocatingpistonmovementintorotarymovement.Accordingtothenumberofenginecylinders,crankshaftgeneralsub-cylinder,double,triplex,four-cylinderandsix-cylindercrankshaft.Suchasthefour-cylinderenginecrankshafthasfivemainjournalneckandfour-link,connectingrodjournal180ineachangleintoaplane.Crankshaftcomplexprocess,especiallythemicro-carcrankshaft.MicrocarCrankshaftjournalsizeandhighgeometrictolerancerequirements,generallybasedonsixprecisionmanufacturing,journalroughnesstoachieveRa0.2m.Someneckneededtobestrengthenedtodealwiththesurfacetoimproveitswearresistanceandfatiguestrength.Fseriesofmini-carcrankshaftMostofthematerialscurrentlyusedhigh-qualityalloystructuralsteel.However,duetoagoodcuttingperformanceofductileironcrankshaft,willbethepreferredstructuralshapes,andsteelcrankshaftandcanconductvariouskindsofheattreatmentandsurfacehardeningcrankhandletoraisetheanti-fatiguestrength,hardnessandwearresistance.Low-costductileironcrankshaft,athomeandabroadhasbeenwidelyapplied.Fseriesofmini-cartotheductileironcrankshaftcrankshafttrend.Themainauthorofsteelmicro-engineF-Seriestruckcrankshaftmachiningprocessanalysis1ProcessAnalysis1.1Crankshaftfeaturesandtechnicalmeasures1.1.1stiffnessdifferenceFSeriescrankshaftlargeraspectratio(usuallyL/d=7-10),thereforelessrigidity.Inordertopreventdeformationduringprocessingshouldtakethefollowingmeasures:selectionofahigherstiffnessofmachinetools,cuttingtoolsandfixtures,etc.,therebyreducingthedeformationandvibration；toreducethetorsionaldeformation,bendingdeformation；intheprocessasfaraspossibletheroleofcuttingforceoffset；reasonablearrangementsforworkplaceinordertoreducetheprocessingorderofthedeformation；additionalalignmentprocess.1.1.2theshapeofcomplexConnectingrodjournalandtheneckisnotwithaspindleaxis,intheprocessofconnectingrodjournalimbalanceeasilybeequippedtoquicklyfindjournalcenteriseccentricconnectingrodfixture,andshouldbebalancedblock.1.1.3TechnicalrequirementsMicro-carsofthetechnicalrequirementsofthecrankshaftisveryhigh,anditsmachiningprocesswiththeproductionofdifferentprogramsandthecomplexityofthecrankshaftandalotofdifference,butgenerallyincludethefollowingmainstages:positioningthebaseoftheprocessing；rough,Finishthespindleneck,andothercylindricalconnectingrodjournal；coarsegrindingofthespindleneck,cylindricalconnectingrodjournal；largeandsmallheadscrewandkeywayprocessing；drillholeprocessing；semi-grindingspindleneck,refinedgrindingrodjournal；journalsurfacetreatment；Balancing；Superfinishingsuchasthejournal.1.2Positioningthebaselinechoice1.2.1thechoiceofbenchmarkcrudeInordertoensurethecenterspindleholedrilledintheroughoutersurfaceofneckpositionontheaxis,thespindleneckchosenfortheroughsurfaceofthecylindricalbase.Atthesametimeinordertoensurethattheprocessingoftheaxialsizeofthebase-level,choosingthefirstonbothsidesofthespindleneckaxialfanboardforthebenchmarkcrude.1.2.2-assistedselectionbasedonroughFanontheboardinamillingprocessthatisprocessingplaneusedbytheconnectingrodjournalsupportingthebenchmarkcrude.1.2.3thechoiceofthebasefineProcessinganditsneckwiththespindleaxisoftheoutersurfaceofthejournal,thecentralholeinthebaseforthefine.Connectingrodjournalprocessingwhenprocessingthepinholeandaconnectingrodjournalcylindricalsurfaceasaprecision-basedbenchmarks,makingiteasiertoensureTechnicalrequirements.Inaddition,thebenchmarkthird-axialpositioningofthetwospindlenecksurfacelevelconsistentwiththeDesignBasis.1.3CrankshaftprocessAtpresentthemajorityofFseriesofmini-carcrankshaft,materialsfor40Cr,roughpiecesofsteelforquenchingandtempering.Processoutlinedasfollows:01.playcentralhole02.carspacesfolder03.finejournalowners04.Millingpositioning05.connectingrodjournalCart06.thesizeofthefirstcoarsegrinding07.carGordoniaping,andotherend-08.pinghead-endcarsandother09.coarsegrindingspindleneck10.connectingrodjournalcoarsegrinding11.hingepinholedrilling12.keywaymilling13.drillattackFlywheelscrew14.drillholeinclined15.half-grindingspindleneck16.connectingrodjournalgrinding17.Balancingandtore-18.grindingspindleneck19.test20.nitride21.repaircenterholes,chamfers22.grindinghead23.Finishbearinghole24.MagneticParticleTesting25.Deburring26.oilorificepolishing27.polishing.1.4ProcessAnalysisa.theimportanceofcenterhole:Inadditiontotheimpactofthecrankshaftcenterholeofthemassdistribution,itisalsoimportantbecauseitisanimportantprecisioncrankshaftprocessingbenchmark,theprocessingdirectlyaffecttheaccuracyofthecrankshaft,thecenterholequalityrequirementsmustbemet.However,afteraroughworkpiece,thecenterholeisinevitablethattheaccuracyisoftenaffected,sobeforefinishingmustbecarriedoutonthecentralholerepairresearch,toensurecompliancewithtechnicalrequirements.Oilstoneavailableorrubberwheelrepairresearch.Goodqualityrough,allowancedistributionofsmallanduniformallowance.Thencrankthequalityofthecenterboreholewiththegeometriccenterofbasiccoincidence,youdonotneedtospendforthepurchaseofhighqualityequipmentanddirectdrillcenteringcentralholegeometry.b.playcentralholeisusedtoidentifythegeometriccenterofthecrankshaftinplaceofcenterofmass,theappearanceisasaroughbenchmark.Roughandsmoothappearanceofthewholecircle,thenhitthecenterofpositionerroronthesmallhole.Poorqualityrough,allowanceallowancedistributionoflargeanduneven,itisnecessarytothequalityofthecenterborepreferred.Largerduetotheinitialimbalance,ifthegeometriccenterdrillholes,unevenweightdistribution,alargermomentofinertia,damagetheaccuracyofthefollow-upprocessingequipment.Furthermore,indynamicbalance,theinitialimbalanceinthebalancecannotbetoomuchmoney.Inthiscase,preferenceshouldbegiventhequalityofdeterminedefforts.c.journalownerstheuseofprecisionCNClathe,highefficiencyandbettercontrolthelengthofsize.FSeriestrucksbecausethemicro-finishedcrankshaftlengthsizerequirements,sothisprocessforthefinishedproductsmeettherequirementsofthesizeofthelengthofplayAgoodfoundationforthenext.d.positioningsurfacemilling.Inordertolinkjournalcaratpointofdistribution,regardlessofwhichsidefortheoffsetposition,itwillseriouslychangethecrankshaftoftheuniformdistributionmarginprocesses,connectingrodjournalwillmakeaseriousshiftunder-processingofwasteduetotheotherwillsothatdynamicbalanceoftheinitialincreaseortowastemoney.e.connectingrodjournaltocompleteprocessingtheuseofCNClathes,turningtoolscarwhenformingrodjournaliscorrect,thevolumeoffeedmedium,positioningclosetothesurfacehaveadirectimpactontechnologyproductrequirementscanbemet.Thisspindleneckandfinishingprocesses,asthelengthoffinishedproductsmustmeettherequirementsofsizeandlayagoodfoundationf.vehicleslargeandsmallthefirsthole,endprocessescannotbeignored.Decisionprocessbecausethetotallengthofthecrankshaftsize,locationandre-processingbenchmarks.g.journalcoarsegrindingrodisanimportantprocess.Coarsegrindingcrankshaftconnectingrodjournaltothesecondsub-180toensurethatpiecesofthecrankshaftconnectingrodjournaleccentricityangleandsize.Clampbothendsofeccentricgrindermobilecrankshafteccentricitywillcausethechangesinsize,shouldbecarefullyadjustedtotherightofthelockedfixed.h.obliquedrillholeusingaspecialdrill.Thisprocesstoensurethatdrillingthemainholeofobliqueanglesandthelocationofitsimportsandexports.Theroleofobliqueholeinthejournalandthebearingtoprovidelubricationwhentherelativemotion,iftheoilorificeoffset,thenenterthebearinglubricatingoiltoreduceRoad,causingtheengineoftheoveralldeclineinfueleconomy,andtheymayevencauseearlywearandtear,seriousaccidentssuchasbushlocked.Therefore,intheprocessingofthefirstramptoensurethattheimportandexportofholelocations,followedbyobliqueholetoensurethatthedirectionofthejournalisnotoffset,soitshouldbeobliquejigholetocheckoften.Flywheeldrillingscrewattacki.theadoptionofanumberofmulti-stepprocess.Betweenthewire-holepositionandthedegreebythedrillingjigsetsguaranteethelocationofpinholeisafewdegreesthepositioningoftheflywheelassemblyscrewbase,itmustensurethatthelocationofdegrees.Flywheeldrillingscrewattackproneprocessofqualityproblemsistheleakageholetappingandtappingdeepenough,thedeviceshouldbeusedeffectivelytocontrolthetappingdepthandtopreventleakage,suchastapping.Somecompaniesusingautomateddedicatedmachinesforprocessing,highefficiency,goodquality.j.neckgrindingspindleholeshouldbethetwotopchamferingDepartmentremovesand,sludge,toensurethattheprocessingbenchmarktheaccuracyofcentralhole-and,ifnecessary,repairresearch.Grindingbeforethestartofthecircularwheelsurfaceanddetailedtorepairorjournalcannotguaranteethattheroughnessafterthegrindingandtheformationofspiralprintsandjournals,suchaslossofaround.Becausethecrankshaftislonger,tobeusedasanauxiliarycentersupportaircraftintothegrinding,thefirstjournaltowearasuitablesize(lefttoshapelargerthan0.10.2mm),theCenterhasasuitableframethebaselevel.Inordertocrankthewholerootintheprocessingoperationatthetimeofincreasedrigidityandfastening,tobeusedinV-clamptothespindleclampingneckcrankk.Astechnologyadvances,thecrankshaftmovingincreasinglystringentrequirementsoftheimbalance,thesmallerthedynamicimbalanceofmoney,crankshaftoperationworkmorestable,lessnoise,lesswear,longerlifeexpectancy.Grindingheadl.Generalarrangementtogetherwithaseparateprocess.Thisprocessisthefirst