已閱讀5頁,還剩42頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀
版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
2005學(xué)年高三理綜競賽輔導(dǎo)講義化學(xué)三(THE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREE)COLLECTEDBYONESELFMISTAKESAREUNAVOIDABLEREFERENCECOMMUNICATIONONLYIFTHEREISANYMISTAKEPLEASECORRECTMETHANKSTHE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREECHEMICALREACTIONRATEANDCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMC1ATACERTAINTEMPERATUREINACLOSEDCONTAINEROFFIXEDVOLUMETHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONOFAG3BG2CGTOEQUILIBRIUMTIMETHESUBSTANCEOFTHEMOLARRATIOOFNANBNC221KEEPCONSTANTTEMPERATURE221MOLARRATIOOFAANDB,THENFILLEDWITHCABALANCEISNOTINEQUILIBRIUMANDMOBILEBNANBNCIS221WHENCREACHESEQUILIBRIUMAGAINTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCINCREASESWHENDREACHESEQUILIBRIUMAGAINTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONRATEINCREASESTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESC2UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSINAIRTIGHTCONTAINERCANBESAIDTHATTHEREACTIONOFXGAS2YGAS2ZGASACERTAINEQUILIBRIUMISX,Y,ZMOLARRATIOOF122X,Y,THECONCENTRATIONOFZDIDNOTCHANGETHEPRESSUREINTHECONTAINERWILLNOLONGERCHANGETHEUNITTIMETOGENERATENMOLZ2NMOLYISGENERATEDATTHESAMETIMEA,B,C,DDTHEFOLLOWING3OFTHEBALANCEOFCHEMICALANALYSISWHATSWRONGISTHATTHECREACTIONHASREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMSH2OGCOGH2GWHENTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTISINCREASEDTIMETHEEQUILIBRIUMMUSTMOVETOWARDTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONTHEN2REACTIONHASREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMG3H2G2NH3GWHENTHECONCENTRATIONOFN2ISINCREASEDBALANCEISPOSITIVEMOVEMENTOFREACTIONDIRECTIONTHECONVERSIONRATEOFN2MUSTBEINCREASEDTHEREACTIONEQUILIBRIUMWHENGASISINVOLVEDWHENTHEREACTORVOLUMEISREDUCEDTHEBALANCEMUSTMOVETOTHEDIRECTIONWITHTHEINCREASEOFGASVOLUMEWHENTHEREACTIONOFGASPARTICIPATIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMFILLINGRAREGASINTOACONSTANTPRESSUREREACTORTHEBALANCEMUSTNOTMOVEABANDTHECOFTHEDANDTHE4D4WHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREOFTPONTHEREACTIONISSHOWNINFIGURETHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGINEQUILIBRIUMISEXPRESSEDBYORDINATEACCORDINGLY,ITISWRONGTOJUDGETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTABIFTHEREACTIONISENDOTHERMICREACTIONCIFD,INCREASETHEAMOUNTOFLTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGDECREASESINEQUILIBRIUMC5ATACERTAINTEMPERATURETHEREACTIONOFH2GI2G2HIGHA1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJA13,ASSHOWNINTHEFOLLOWINGPICTURETHETHREEFLASKSAREFILLEDWITHNO2GASANDPLACEDINTHEBEAKERBEAKERFILLEDWITHTHEFOLLOWINGSUBSTANCES,RESPECTIVELYTHEREISWATER1ADDINGANHYDROUSCACL2NH4CLCRYSTALSWEREADDEDTO32WITHOUTANYOTHERMATERIALFOUND1DARKREDBROWN3THEMIDDLEREDDISHBROWNBECAMESHALLOWERTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECT1THEADDITIONOFANHYDROUSCACL2ATROOMTEMPERATURE3WITHNH4CLCRYSTALACACL2INWATERSOLUTIONHEATBFLASK1INTHESAMEGASPRESSURECNH4CLINWATERSOLUTIONHEATDFLASK3INTHEINCREASEOFGASPRESSUREC14INACONSTANTCONTAINERFILLEDWITH2MOLAAND1MOLBREACTION2AGBGXCGREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISAIFTHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERANDKEEPCONSTANTTEMPERATUREACCORDINGTOTHEAMOUNTOFSTARTINGMATERIAL,AIS06MOL,BIS03MOLCISA14MOLCONTAINERAFTERREACHINGBALANCETHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISSTILLATHENTHEVALUEOFXISACANONLYBE2B,ONLY3C,POSSIBLY2ITCOULDALSOBE3DTHATCANTBEDETERMINEDA2SO2REACTION298KG15KNOWNO2G2SO3GH197KJMOL1ADDING2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2INTOASEALEDCONTAINERATTHESAMETEMPERATUREWHENTHECHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMISRELEASED,THEHEATISA1KJ,AND1MOLSO2AND05MOLO2AREADDEDINTOTHECLOSEDVESSELWITHTHESAMEVOLUMEWHENTHECHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMISRELEASED,THEHEATISA2KJTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEA2A2A1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJB16INACLOSEDVESSELTHEREACTIONOFAAGBBGKEEPSTHETEMPERATURECONSTANTATEQUILIBRIUMDOUBLETHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERWHENTHENEWBALANCEISREACHEDTHECONCENTRATIONOFBIS60OFTHEORIGINALTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISWRONGABALANCEMOVESINTHEDIRECTIONOFPOSITIVEREACTIONCONVERSIONRATEOFAREDUCEDBMATERIALTHEMASSFRACTIONOFCSUBSTANCEBINCREASEDBYDAP2ITCANBEUSEDTOJUDGE1THEPOSITIVEREACTIONISEXOTHERMICREACTIONOFTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONISANENDOTHERMICREACTIONAB0ARESEARCHTEAMSTUDIEDTHEOTHERCONDITIONSREMAINUNCHANGEDEFFECTOFCHANGINGACERTAINCONDITIONONTHEABOVEREACTIONACCORDINGTOTHEEXPERIMENTALDATAANDMAKETHEFOLLOWINGRELATIONSHIPGRAPHTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEADIAGRAMISTUDIESTHEEFFECTOFTEMPERATUREONREACTIONANDTHETEMPERATUREOFBISHIGHERFIGUREIBISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFDIFFERENTCATALYSTSONTHEREACTIONANDTHECATALYSTEFFICIENCYISHIGHERFIGUREIICISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFCATALYSTONTHEREACTIONAMONGTHEM,THECATALYSTWASUSEDFIGUREIIDISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFPRESSUREONTHEREACTIONANDTHEPRESSUREISHIGHERA22INACERTAINVOLUMEINACLOSEDCONTAINERJOIN2LXGAND3LYGTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURREDNXG3YG2RGDELTAHQKJ/MOLAFTERBALANCETHECONVERSIONRATESOFXANDYWEREAANDB,RESPECTIVELYKNOWNABD2SO2G24REVERSIBLEREACTIONGO22SO3GFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONANDTHEBALANCEISREACHEDWHENSO2ANDO2MOLARRATIOOF2TO1IFYOUTAKESOMEMEASURESCAUSESO2ANDO2TOCONSUMESOMEMOREANDONCEAGAINTOACHIEVEBALANCETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECTANEWBALANCESYSTEMTHERATIOOFSO2TOO2IS21THEBEQUILIBRIUMSHIFTSTOWARDTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONTHEREASONISTHATTHERATEOFPOSITIVEREACTIONINCREASESTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESCOMPARISONBETWEENTHENEWCEQUILIBRIUMSYSTEMANDTHEOLDEQUILIBRIUMSYSTEMTHECONCENTRATIONOFSO3MUSTHAVEINCREASEDDIFTHEMEASURESTAKENAREREDUCEDVOLUMECONTAINERWHILETHECONVERSIONOFSO2ANDO2OLDBALANCERATERATIOIS11B25UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSTO2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2FILLEDINTOTHECLOSEDCONTAINERAREAOFTHEPISTONTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURRED2SO2GO2G2SO3GTOCHANGETHEBALANCEAFTERTHEFOLLOWINGCONDITIONSSO3GASEQUILIBRIUMCONCENTRATIONDOESNOTCHANGETHEATEMPERATUREANDKEEPCONSTANTVOLUMECONTAINERFILLING1MOLSO2GBCONTAINERANDKEEPTHEPRESSURETEMPERATURECONSTANTCHARGE1MOLSO3GCKEEPSTHETEMPERATUREANDTHEPRESSUREINSIDETHECONTAINERUNCHANGEDFILLING1MOLO2GDCONTAINERANDKEEPTHEPRESSURETEMPERATURECONSTANTCHARGE1MOLARGC26INTHE2LCONTAINERN23H22NH3REACTIONTHEMATERIALOFNH3AFTERAPERIODOFTIMEINCREASEDBY24MOLTHEREACTIONRATEOFTHISPERIODBYHYDROGENISEXPRESSEDAS06MOLL1S1THISTIMEISA6SB4SC3SD2SAINTHE27VOLUMEFIXEDINTHESEALEDCONTAINERHASTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONAS2BG3CGH0DOFTHEREACTIONINTHEREVERSEREACTIONTWO,FILLINTHEBLANKS31102MOLH2OAND2MOLCOINTHE1LCONTAINERUNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSHEATINGTOHIGHTEMPERATURETHEFOLLOWINGREVERSIBLEREACTIONSOCCUR2H2OG2H2O22COO22CO21WHENTHESYSTEMISBALANCEDTHEEQUILIBRIUMCOMPOSITIONOFMIXEDGASISDESIREDATLEASTALSONEEDTOKNOWTHEEQUILIBRIUMCONCENTRATIONOFTWOKINDSOFGASBUTTHESETWOKINDSOFGASANDISNOTATTHESAMETIMEORSUMFILLINTHEIRMOLECULARFORMULA2IFTHESUBSTANCEO2ANDCO2WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMVOLUMEWERENO2MOLANCO2FLATBMOLFINDTHENH2OFLATREPRESENTEDBYALGEBRAICFORMULACONTAININGA,BANSWERH2ANDH2OORCOANDCO23POINTS222AB4POINTSANALYSIS1THETWOCONTINUOUSREACTIONINTHESAMEREACTORONLYH2OGBREAKSDOWNCOWASOXIDIZEDBYO2THETWOREACTIONSINTERACTWITHEACHOTHERBALANCEATTHESAMETIMEBUTTHEFIRSTREACTIONINH2OANDH2WITHSECONDINDEPENDENTREACTIONTHESAMESECONDINDEPENDENTREACTIONSINCOANDCO2WITHTHEFIRSTREACTION2ANALYSISFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFATOMICSCALETHEOXYGENATOMSINTHEMOLECULEAREGENERATEDBYCOTOFORMTHEORIGINALH2OINADDITION,OXYGENINO2COMESFROMH2OTHEREFORENH2O2NO2NCO22ABMOLSONH2O22ABMOL3210POINTSADDINGAPROPERAMOUNTOFCARBONPOWDERANDXMOLH2OINTOACLOSEDVESSELWITHAVOLUMEOF2LANDVOLUMEUNCHANGEDUNDERTHECONDITIONOF800AFTER10SACHIEVETHEFOLLOWINGFIRSTCHEMICALBALANCECSH2OGCOGH2GH0HEREVH20006MOL/LSCH2O004MOL/LPLEASEANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1THEADDITIONOFH2OMATERIALXMOL2IFTHEADDITIONOFASMALLAMOUNTOFCAOINTHESOLIDBALANCEMIXTUREANDREACHSECONDBALANCESATTHISTEMPERATUREATTHISTIMECOTHEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEWILLFILLIN“INCREASE“AND“DECREASE“OR“CHANGE“THEREASONBEINGTHAT3TOTHEMIXTUREOFTHEFIRSTINTHEBALANCETHENYMOLCOYBCABDCANNOTCOMPAREAANDBSIZETHEREASONFORTHISJUDGMENTISTHATANSWER11A223A23233ADINGIF3A1THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEINBISLESSTHAN2MOLIF3A1THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEBISEQUALTO2MOLIF3AFILLTHEREASONISANDC310MOL/LFILLIN,4COMPAREEXPERIMENT4ANDEXPERIMENT1ITCANBEPREDICTEDTHATTHISREACTIONZERODELTAHFILLIN,ANSWER12POINTS00126POINTS2POINTSPEREMPTY050EXPERIMENT1ANDEXPERIMENT2HAVETHESAMEINITIALSTATETHESAMECONDITIONSAFFECTBALANCEDMOVEMENTSOTHEFINALSTATESHOULDBETHESAMEINEXPERIMENT2,CATALYSTSWEREUSED36POINTSEACH2POINTS3EXPERIMENTCANBESEENASINCREASEDFROMEXPERIMENT1CONTAINERVOLUMEDECOMPRESSEDTHEPRESSUREDOESNOTAFFECTTHEMOVEMENTOFTHEEQUILIBRIUMOREXPERIMENT1ANDEXPERIMENT3AREEQUIVALENTEQUILIBRIUM42POINTS3613POINTSCONSTANTTEMPERATUREANDCONSTANTVOLUMETHE2MOLAGASAND2MOLBGASWEREINJECTEDINTOACLOSEDVESSELOF2LINVOLUME,ANDTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONOCCURRED2AGBGXCG2DSAT2MIN,THEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMATTHISPOINT,THEREMAINING12MOLBTHECONCENTRATIONOFCWAS12MOL/L1FROMTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEREACTIONTOTHEEQUILIBRIUMSTATETHEAVERAGERATEOFFORMATIONOFCIS2X3TRANSFORMATIONRATEOFAANDBRATIOIS4THEFOLLOWINGITEMSCANBEUSEDASASIGNOFTHEEQUILIBRIUMOFTHEREACTIONNOCHANGEINTHEPRESSUREOFABGASDENSITYDOESNOTCHANGETHEAVERAGECONSUMPTIONRATEOFBANDCGASVOLUMEDOESNOTCHANGETHEDACONSUMPTIONRATEIS215IFTHEORIGINALEQUILIBRIUMMIXTURECONTAINERANDTHENFILLING2MOLAGASAND2MOLBGASTHEORIGINALTEMPERATUREGIVESANEWBALANCEATTHISPOINT,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCEBBISN6THEAMOUNTOFTHEBALANCEISEQUALTOSCOREANDREACTIONBALANCEOFCMATERIALNA,BJOINEDTHESTARTINGMATERIALA,NBTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSHOULDMEETFORANSWER13POINTS106MOL/LMIN2POINTS232POINTS3212POINTS4BC3POINTS524MOL26NANBORNANB1123714POINTSTHEENERGYPROBLEMISAMAJORISSUEFACEDBYTHEHUMANSOCIETYMETHANOLISANIMPORTANTENERGYSOURCEINTHEFUTURE1THEREACTIONOFMETHANOLSYNTHESISISCOG2H2GYCYCH3OHGHAKJ,MOL1FIGURE13SHOWSTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFMETHANOLSYNTHESISINTHEPROCESSOFANEXPERIMENTTHERELATIONCURVEBETWEENCH3OHANDREACTIONTEMPERATUREA0FILLIN“BIGGERTHAN“,“EQUAL“OR“LESSTHAN“INDUSTRIALSYNTHESISOFATHESUITABLECONDITIONSOFALCOHOLAREASFOLLOWS2ATACERTAINTEMPERATURETHESEALEDCONTAINERTOACONSTANTVOLUMEIN25MOLCOAND75MOLH2WHENBALANCEISREACHEDTHECONVERSIONRATEOFCOWAS90THEPRESSURECONTAINERISATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHETIMESTHEHEATCHANGEWAS|A|KJTHEMASSRATIOOFCARBONANDHYDROGENISMCMH3KEEPTHESAMEREACTIONTEMPERATURETHESTARTINGMATERIALWASCHANGEDTOAMOLCO,BMOLH2,CMOLCH3OHTOMAKEEACHBALANCEINMIXTUREWITHTHESAMEBALANCETHENTHERELATIONBETWEENAANDBISANSWER1LESSTHAN2HIGHPRESSURE,APPROPRIATETEMPERATUREANDCATALYST3POINTS2055222522123B2A253POINTS3818POINTSUNDERCONSTANTTEMPERATURETHEMIXTUREOFAMOLN2ANDBMOLH2INTOACLOSEDCONTAINERINAFIXEDVOLUMETHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURREDN2G3H2G2NH3G1IFTHEREACTIONGOESTOTATACERTAINTIMENTN213MOLNTNH36MOLCALCULATETHEVALUEOFA2IFTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMMIXEDGASVOLUMEIS7168LSTANDARDCONDITIONTHECONTENTOFNH3VOLUMEFRACTIONWAS25THEMASSOFNH3INEQUILIBRIUMCALCULATION3THETOTALMATERIALRAWGASMIXTUREANDBALANCEGASMIXTURERATIOWRITETHESIMPLEINTEGERRATIOTHESAMEBELOWNBEGINNINGNPING4INTHEORIGINALMIXTUREGASAB5BALANCETIMETHEEQUILIBRIUMMOLARMASSOFTHEMIXTUREISM6INEQUILIBRIUMMIXTUREGASNN2NH2NNH3ANSWER1A162NFLATNH38MOL3544235155G/MOL63323912POINTS2POINTSPERSPACEUNDERCERTAINTEMPERATUREANDPRESSURETHEREARETHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONS2SO2GO2G2SO3GTHE16MOLSO2AND08MOLO2INACLOSEDCONTAINERINAVARIABLEVOLUMETHEINITIALVOLUMEOFTHEVESSELWAS100LAFTERAPERIODOFTIMETHEREACTIONREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMTHEDENSITYOFTHEMIXEDGASIS16GL1PLEASEANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMISREACHED,THEVOLUMEOFTHEMIXTUREISTHECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2WAS02IFAMOLSO2ANDBMOLO2AREADDEDATTHEBEGINNINGANDAB21UNDERTHESAMETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREWHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEOFTHEMIXEDGASWAS120LTHEAANDBVALUESWEREA,B3IFTHECONTAINERISASEALEDCONTAINEROFCONSTANTVOLUMEITSVOLUMEIS100LXMOLSO2,YMOLO2ANDZMOLSO3AREADDEDATTHEBEGINNINGWHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREAREEXACTLYTHESAMEAS2THEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFTHEGASINTHECONTAINERAND2TOREACHEQUILIBRIUMINTHESAMETHENTHERELATIONBETWEENXANDYSHOULDBESATISFIEDTHERELATIONOFXANDZSHOULDBESATISFIEDANSWER180L60224123XY21XZ2AT40TCTHEREARETWOAIRTIGHTCONTAINERS,IEARMOURANDBTHEVOLUMEOFACONTAINERIS1LTHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERIS2L6MOLAAND3MOLBWEREADDEDTOTHEAANDBTWOCONTAINERTHEREACTIONISASFOLLOWS3A
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 碧桂園物業(yè)保安隊長課件
- 督辦信訪事項課件
- (正式版)DB33∕T 617.1-2017 《中國圓田螺苗種繁育技術(shù)規(guī)范》
- 2026年會計基礎(chǔ)理論與財務(wù)報表分析題目
- 2026年汽車維修技術(shù)考試題庫汽車構(gòu)造與維修知識
- 2026年執(zhí)業(yè)藥師考試藥學(xué)專業(yè)知識測試題
- 2026年汽車維修技術(shù)發(fā)動機故障診斷與維修專業(yè)題目
- 2026年物流與供應(yīng)鏈管理倉儲配送題庫
- 2026年人工智能算法工程師考試題集算法原理與應(yīng)用
- 2026年英語四六級備考沖刺題
- 2026年上海市寶山區(qū)初三上學(xué)期一?;瘜W(xué)試卷和答案及評分標準
- 內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市松山區(qū)2025-2026學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末數(shù)學(xué)試題(含答案)
- 2026年官方標準版離婚協(xié)議書
- 2025年國補自查自糾報告
- 未來五年造紙及紙制品企業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型與智慧升級戰(zhàn)略分析研究報告
- 2025年貴州省高考化學(xué)試卷真題(含答案及解析)
- 二級醫(yī)院的DRGs培訓(xùn)課件
- 2026年湖南中醫(yī)藥高等??茖W(xué)校單招職業(yè)傾向性測試題庫及答案詳解一套
- 景區(qū)旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提升項目可行性研究報告
- 港澳聯(lián)考中文真題及答案
- 企業(yè)如何實現(xiàn)科技與業(yè)務(wù)的完美融合
評論
0/150
提交評論