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ANALYSISOFCHANGESINTHELEVELOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTTRENDSANDANOVERVIEWOFFACTORSAFFECTINGABSTRACTTHEMEANINGOFTHEDEFINITIONOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTTOSTARTCOMBINGTHETHEORISTSANDSCHOLARSOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTCONTENTOFTHEDIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONOFTHELEVELOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTONTHEMEASURE,DESCRIBEDTHEPERFORMANCEGAPBETWEENURBANANDRURALAREASANDCAUSES,ANDFROMADIFFERENTPERSPECTIVETHEIMPACTOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENT,ANDFINALLYTHESTATUSQUOUNDERWHICHTHECORRESPONDINGCOUNTERMEASURESANDSUGGESTIONSKEYWORDSURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENT,THENATUREOFMEANING,URBANRURALGAPFIRST,THEMEANINGOFTHEDEFINITIONOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTEARLYSTUDIESDIDNOTUSETHECONCEPTOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENT,MAINLYINTHETHOUGHTOFTHEPEOPLE,THEPHYSIOCRATS,RURALCOMMODITYECONOMYTHREEASPECTSOFMEANINGINTHEEXISTINGRESEARCHLITERATURE,THECONTENTANALYSISFORURBANANDRURALHARDTOREACHCONSENSUS,MANYSTUDIESFORURBANANDRURALAREASANDINTOURBANANDRURAL,URBANRURALINTEGRATION,RURALURBANIZATIONANDURBANDEVELOPMENTISSUES,SOCIALSCHOLARS,ECONOMISTS,ACADEMICSANDURBANPLANNERSECOLOGYFROMDIFFERENTPOINTOFVIEWOFURBANANDRURALISSUESAREDISCUSSEDURBANANDRURALCOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENTOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTINDEALINGWITHISSUES,TOTHEOVERALLSITUATION,SCIENTIFICPLANNINGANDCOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENT,ANDPROMOTECOMMONPROSPERITYANDPROGRESSOFURBANANDRURALPARAGRAPHLJ,2004ITSMEANINGCANBESUMMARIZEDINTOFOURLEVELS,NAMELY,THROUGHTHEOPENRURAL,URBANANDRURALCOLLABORATION,COORDINATEDURBANANDRURAL,URBANRURALINTEGRATIONXUGUANG,2004FROMTHECONTENTPOINTOFVIEWOFCOORDINATIONFROMDIFFERENTANGLESHAVEDIFFERENTCONTENTDELINEATIONTHECOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENTOFBOTHURBANANDRURALCOORDINATIONSYSTEMLEVELLABOREMPLOYMENTSYSTEM,HOUSEHOLDREGISTRATIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,FINANCIALALLOCATIONANDTRANSFERPAYMENTSYSTEM,THESOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMANDEDUCATIONSYSTEM,ALSOINCLUDESELEMENTSOFCOORDINATIONLEVELLAND,CAPITALANDLABORFACTORS,INCLUDINGOVERALLLEVELOFURBANRURALRELATIONSTHREEIMPORTANTRELATIONSHIPSANDTWODERIVATIVERELATIONSINDUSTRIALRELATIONSANDLOCATIONRELATIONS,RELATIONSBETWEENRESIDENTS,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENINDUSTRYANDFARMERS,AGRICULTUREANDPUBLICRELATIONSGINGERTOOBI,2005CANALSOBEDIVIDEDINTOURBANRURALRELATIONSCOORDINATORTHEPOLICYLEVELBYTHEHEAVYANDLIGHTAGRICULTURALINDUSTRIALIZATIONDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGYTORURALDEVELOPMENT,TILT,URBANANDRURALECONOMICCOORDINATIONOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTRESOURCES,ELEMENTSOFTHEEFFECTIVEALLOCATIONANDURBANANDRURALSOCIALCOORDINATIONSYSTEMINNOVATION,SOCIALPROGRESS,CIVILANDPOLITICALRIGHTS,BUILDINGASOCIALISTHARMONIOUSSOCIETY,ETCZHAO,2005FROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT,INCLUDINGCOORDINATIONASPECTSOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTLIYUEYUN,2004,FROMRESOURCECONFIGURATIONPOINTOFVIEW,INCLUDINGTHEINTEGRATIONOFECONOMICRESOURCES,POLITICALANDSOCIALRESOURCESJUZHENGJIANGETAL,2003,FROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESTRATEGY,THEMAINCONTENTSOFURBANANDRURALURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTPLANNING,URBANANDRURALINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENT,URBANANDRURALAREASANDURBANRURALSTRUCTURALADJUSTMENTFUNDINGDA,2006,FROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFURBANANDRURALSUBRULE,THEOBJECTOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTTARGETEDURBANRURALRELATIONS,INCLUDINGURBANANDRURALSPACE,RURALINDUSTRYANDSOCIALPROGRESS,CONSISTINGOFTHREELEVELSOFORGANICWHOLE,THECOREOFURBANANDRURALSOCIALPROGRESSFROMECONOMICSTRUCTUREPOINTOFVIEW,TOSUPPORTINGMAJORREFORMINURBANANDRURALAREASTOPROMOTEURBANANDRURALECONOMICSTRUCTUREREADJUSTMENTGUYIKANG,2003URBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTISANEWCONCEPTOFDEVELOPMENT,URBANRURALINTERACTION,ISITSCORETHEESSENCEOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTTOINDUSTRIALIZATION,URBANIZATION,MODERNIZATIONOFAGRICULTUREANDRURALAREASOFORGANICINTEGRATETHEPROMOTIONOFTRADITIONALDUALSTRUCTURECHANGE,ANDENHANCETOWNOFLEADINGROLEINRURALAREASANDRURALAREASOFTHECITYSROLEINPROMOTINGTHEGOALOFURBANRURALINTEGRATION,TOSOLVERURALISSUESZHURUIBO,2004URBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTISTHEMAINSTAYOFTHEGOVERNMENT,ALLLEVELSOFGOVERNMENTTOURBANANDRURALSOCIALANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTASAWHOLETOUNITEPLANNINGTOMAINTAINANDPROMOTEURBANANDRURALECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENTKONGXIANGMIN,FENGLEI,2005URBANANDRURALECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENT,THEMOSTFUNDAMENTALTHINGISTOADJUSTTHENATIONALECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDTHEDISTRIBUTIONPATTERN,THEDEVELOPMENTOFEQUALOPPORTUNITIESTOFARMERSANDNATIONALTREATMENTZHURBOT,NIZHIGANG,2004FROMTHEABOVEDEFINITIONOFTHERELEVANTCONTENTCANBESEEN,THENATUREOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTISTOTRANSFORMTHEDUALSTRUCTURE,THECURRENTFOCUSONADDRESSINGRURALISSUES,BUTTHEEXISTINGLITERATUREONTHECAUSESOFADOUBLEDUALSTRUCTUREANALYSISISNOTDEEPENOUGH,THELACKOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTFROMTHEMACROTHEPHASEANGLEANALYSISSECOND,ONTHELEVELOFURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTURBANANDRURALAREASTOMEASURETHEDEGREEOFINGENERAL,SCHOLARSGENERALLYUSETHEURBANRURALINCOMERATIORI,URBANANDRURALLIVINGSTANDARDSTHANTHERLSANDRURALANDURBANRESIDENTSCONSUMPTIONLEVELTHANTHERCLTOREFLECTTHEURBANANDRURALDEVELOPMENTURHD,FOREXAMPLE,CHENGCHINYU2009,ZHAOCAIYUN2008BASEDTHEUNDPHUMANDEVELOPMENTINDEXTOCONSTRUCTAMEASUREURBANRURALRELATIONSACOMPREHENSIVEINDEX,WITHAVIEWTOAMORECOMPREHENSIVEREFLECTIONOFCHINESEURBANRURALRELATIONSSTATUSANDTRENDS,RESPECTIVELY,FROMURBANANDRURALAREASOFTHEHUMANDEVELOPMENTINDEX,INCOME,CONSUMPTION,EDUCATION,HEALTH,LIF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