1、自動售貨機控制系統(tǒng)設計1、總體設計方案1.1、總體設計思路自動售貨機的基本功能就是對投入的錢幣數(shù)進行計算，然后根據(jù)運算結(jié)果做出相應的判斷，看看哪種商品可以進行購買，哪種商品不能購買，本次課程設計的要求是可識別三種錢幣，分別是1元、2元、5元，采用三個按鈕進行模擬，自動售貨機共出售四種貨物，其價格分別定為1元、3元、4元、6元，當投幣數(shù)大于等于貨物價格時且售貨機里有這種貨物時，指示燈亮，表示可以進行購買，四種貨物分別用四個小燈代替進行模擬。除此之外，本次設計還涉及了顯示、找零、送貨等功能的實現(xiàn)，其中顯示部分采用數(shù)碼管進行顯示，顯示投幣總數(shù)和購買后的余額；當按下找零按鈕后，數(shù)碼管顯示進行清零，采用

2、從高到低遞減的形式進行清零，例如：當余額為17元時，按下找零按鈕后，先找三個五元數(shù)碼管分別顯示12、7、2，然后再找2元，清零。送貨部分采用小車直線運動進行模擬，將四種貨物分別送到四個不同的地點，采用四個光電開關(guān)分別代表四個不同的送貨地點，當按下不同的送貨按鈕后，小車會以其對應的光電開關(guān)為終點做直線往返運動，表示送貨過程由于售貨機的全部功能是在上位機上模擬的，所以售貨機的部分硬件是由計算機軟件來模擬替代的這些并不會影響實際程序的操作，完全能模擬現(xiàn)實售貨機的運行。1.2、plc總體設計流程以下為plc的一般工作過程流程圖。 圖一 plc工作過程流程圖2、硬件設計我們本次采用的是西門子公司的s72

3、00系列plc，它可以提供4種不同的基本單元和6種型號的擴展單元，其系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成包括基本單元、擴展單元、編程器、存儲卡、寫入器、文本顯示器等。2.1、i/o地址分配本次課程設計的主要i/o分配如下：表一 i/o地址分配輸入單元plc地址輸出單元plc地址投幣1元i0.1a貨物顯示q1.0投幣2元i0.2b貨物顯示q1.1投幣5元i0.3c貨物顯示q2.0送貨（a貨物）i0.4d貨物顯示q2.1送貨（b貨物）i0.5找零出口q2.2送貨（c貨物）i0.6出貨口q2.3送貨（d貨物）i0.7電機正轉(zhuǎn)q2.6找零i0.0電機反轉(zhuǎn)q2.5數(shù)碼個位顯示i0.0i0.3數(shù)碼十位顯示i0.4i0.7限位開關(guān)s1

4、i1.0限位開關(guān)s2i1.1限位開關(guān)s3i1.2限位開關(guān)s4i1.32.2、中間繼電器分配 表二 中間繼電器分配中間繼電器功 能中間繼電器功 能m0.0送a貨m1.2電機反轉(zhuǎn)m0.1限位開關(guān)s1m1.3電機正轉(zhuǎn)m0.2限位開關(guān)s2m1.4電機正轉(zhuǎn)m0.3送b貨m1.5電機反轉(zhuǎn)m0.4送c貨m1.6電機正轉(zhuǎn)m0.5限位開關(guān)s3m2.0送貨延時m0.6送d貨m2.1送貨延時m0.7限位開關(guān)s4m2.2送貨延時m1.0電機反轉(zhuǎn)m20.0找零m1.1電機正轉(zhuǎn)2.3、整體系統(tǒng)工作流程整個系統(tǒng)的整體工作流程如圖二所示圖二 整體工作流程圖2.4、硬件接線圖 圖三 硬件接線圖2.5、實物接線圖圖四 實物接線圖

5、3、軟件設計4、程序調(diào)試在整個程序的調(diào)試過程中，我遇到了一些問題，最初的設計比較簡單，只是將投幣，購買的過程考慮進去，而沒有將購買之后送貨的過程加進設計的方案中，后來在老師的提醒之下，我又將送貨的過程采用了小車直線運動進行模擬，將四個光電開關(guān)模擬成四種貨物的送貨地點，分別在按下四個送貨按鈕之后，將貨物送到四種地點，使得整個系統(tǒng)更加完善，功能更加強大。在數(shù)碼顯示的過程中也遇到了一些問題，數(shù)碼顯示時數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸所用到的中間繼電器和后來送貨時的中間繼電器發(fā)生了沖突，使得程序運行過程發(fā)生了紊亂，后來在同學的幫助下，我明白了問題的關(guān)鍵，將其解決，使數(shù)碼顯示功能順利實現(xiàn)。在最后的送貨過程中，由于有四個地點，

6、所以要對電機的正反轉(zhuǎn)分別進行控制，最初我是將所有的正轉(zhuǎn)輸入都采用了q2.6進行驅(qū)動，所有的反轉(zhuǎn)輸入都采用了q2.5進行驅(qū)動，當程序運行時，發(fā)現(xiàn)得不到預期的現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)檢查程序沒有問題，后來經(jīng)過考慮和同學的提醒，采用中間繼電器進行驅(qū)動，現(xiàn)象就出現(xiàn)了，實現(xiàn)了最初預想的送貨過程。在找零階段，最初只是按下找零按鈕后直接將數(shù)碼顯示清零，后來經(jīng)過思考和老師的提醒，將找零部分又逐步進行了完善，將找零的過程在數(shù)碼管上顯示了出來先找大面額的錢幣，后找小面額的錢幣，其內(nèi)部進行減法運算，使得整個找零的過程清晰可見。在購買貨物的過程中最初忽略了如果貨物售完該怎么辦，后來經(jīng)過完善將貨物的數(shù)量進行了設定，只有當投幣金額大于等

7、于所要購買的貨物時，且貨物數(shù)量大于零時才能進行購買，這使得整個過程更加完善。g an employment tribunal claiemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dism

8、isses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win you

9、r case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received

10、after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need t

11、o give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represente

12、d by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you

13、are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail,

14、click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will at

15、tend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against c

16、skafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side adde

17、d: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind

18、has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己自己似乎應該去做

19、點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; jun

20、ior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in

21、 the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備

22、，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely,

23、 have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學反應的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally fo

24、und that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分

25、，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declar

26、ed the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.

27、 r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our

28、day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expe

29、ct a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. it will be like he is diving into the shallow end.