1、Department of Anatomy ,Qingdao University Medical CollegeW.S.B 2019.12.3I. Olfactory n. (嗅神經(jīng)嗅神經(jīng))II. Optic n. (視神經(jīng)視神經(jīng))III. Oculomotor n.(動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng))IV. Trochlear n. (滑車(chē)神經(jīng)滑車(chē)神經(jīng))V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng))VI. Abducent n. (展神經(jīng)展神經(jīng))VII. Facial n. (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng))VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蝸神經(jīng)前庭蝸神經(jīng)) (位聽(tīng)神經(jīng)位聽(tīng)神經(jīng))IX.

2、Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng))X. Vagus n. (迷走神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng))XI. Accessory n. (副神經(jīng)副神經(jīng))XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng))一嗅二視三動(dòng)眼，一嗅二視三動(dòng)眼，四滑五叉六外展，四滑五叉六外展，七面八聽(tīng)九舌咽，七面八聽(tīng)九舌咽，迷副舌下十二全。迷副舌下十二全。A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (覺(jué)得神經(jīng)覺(jué)得神經(jīng)): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)): III, IV, VI, XI, X

3、II. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神經(jīng)混合神經(jīng)):V, VII, IX, X.B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers覺(jué)得覺(jué)得(傳入傳入) 纖維纖維 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (普通軀體覺(jué)得纖維普通軀體覺(jué)得纖維): skin nerve endings (皮膚神經(jīng)末稍皮膚神經(jīng)末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭肌梭) 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊軀體覺(jué)得纖維特殊軀體覺(jué)得纖維):

4、visual (視視), hearing (聽(tīng)聽(tīng)), balance organs (平衡平衡) 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (普通內(nèi)臟覺(jué)得纖維普通內(nèi)臟覺(jué)得纖維): all viscera (全部?jī)?nèi)臟全部?jī)?nèi)臟) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊內(nèi)臟覺(jué)得纖維特殊內(nèi)臟覺(jué)得纖維): olfactory (嗅器嗅器) and taste (味器味器)2. Motor (efferent) fibers 運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng) (傳出纖維傳出纖維 1) general somatic motor fiber (G

5、SE) (普通軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)纖普通軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維維): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌眼外肌和舌肌) 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (普通內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)普通內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維纖維): smooth mm. (平滑肌平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌心肌), glands (腺體腺體) 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于源于鰓弓的骨骼肌鰓弓的骨骼肌) I

6、鰓弓鰓弓咀嚼肌咀嚼肌,II鰓弓鰓弓面肌面肌,III-VII鰓弓鰓弓咽喉咽喉肌肌,胸鎖乳突肌胸鎖乳突肌,斜方肌斜方肌 I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神經(jīng)嗅神經(jīng))-SVAolfactory bulb(嗅球嗅球)Olfactory cells(嗅細(xì)胞嗅細(xì)胞)within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity(在鼻腔內(nèi)嗅區(qū)上皮在鼻腔內(nèi)嗅區(qū)上皮)olfactory filaments(嗅絲嗅絲) cribriform foraminaanosmia 嗅覺(jué)喪失嗅覺(jué)喪失 II. The Optic Nerve (視神經(jīng)視神經(jīng)) SSA tota

7、l blindness 全盲全盲 photoreceptor cells (感光細(xì)胞感光細(xì)胞) rod cells(視桿細(xì)胞視桿細(xì)胞)cone cells(視錐細(xì)胞視錐細(xì)胞)Bipolar cells(雙極細(xì)胞雙極細(xì)胞)Ganglionic cells(節(jié)細(xì)胞節(jié)細(xì)胞)Optic NerveOptic chiasma(視交叉視交叉)optic canal(視神經(jīng)管視神經(jīng)管). The Oculomotor Nerve (動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)) GSE, GVE midbrain中腦中腦腳間窩腳間窩superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris(上直肌上直肌,

8、上瞼提肌上瞼提肌)inferior rectus medial rectusinferior oblique(下直肌下直肌,內(nèi)直肌內(nèi)直肌,下斜肌下斜肌)strabismus 斜視斜視 眼瞼下垂眼瞼下垂, 瞳孔擴(kuò)展瞳孔擴(kuò)展 , 眼球轉(zhuǎn)向外下眼球轉(zhuǎn)向外下, 復(fù)視復(fù)視sphincter pupil, ciliary m.(瞳孔括約肌瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌睫狀肌)III superior branch(上支上支)III inferior branch(下支下支)sup. orbital fissure (眶上裂眶上裂). The Oculomotor Nerve (動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)) GSE, GVE.

9、The Trochlear Nerve (滑車(chē)神經(jīng)滑車(chē)神經(jīng)) GSE midbrain(中腦中腦)背側(cè)背側(cè)superior oblique上斜肌上斜肌sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂眶上裂). The Abducent Nerve (展神經(jīng)展神經(jīng)) GSEpons腦橋腦橋lateral rectus外直肌外直肌strabismus 斜視斜視 diplepia (double vision) 復(fù)視復(fù)視sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂眶上裂) maxillary n(上頜神經(jīng)上頜神經(jīng)) ophthalmic n(眼神經(jīng)眼神經(jīng)) mandibular nerve (下

10、頜下頜n)pons(腦橋腦橋)lacrim n(淚腺淚腺)frontal (額額) nnasociliary(鼻睫鼻睫) n眶上神經(jīng)眶上神經(jīng)lacrimal gland(淚腺淚腺)鼻背鼻背, ,腔腔, ,篩竇篩竇, ,眼球眼球額皮額皮infraorbital(眶下眶下) n sup.alveolar(上牙槽上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buccal (頰頰) nlingual (舌舌) ninf. alveolar n 眼口間皮膚眼口間皮膚上牙上牙,牙齦牙齦顳部皮膚顳部皮膚頰部皮膚頰部皮膚,粘膜粘膜舌前舌前 2/3 普通覺(jué)得普通覺(jué)得Taste.舌前舌前2/3味覺(jué)味覺(jué)men

11、tal 頦頦n 下唇皮膚下唇皮膚lower teeth下牙下牙,牙齦牙齦masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神經(jīng)痛三叉神經(jīng)痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神經(jīng)封鎖三叉神經(jīng)封鎖鼓索下頜舌骨肌下頜舌骨肌N NZygomatic n.(Zygomatic n.(顴神經(jīng)顴神經(jīng)) )顴部皮膚顴部皮膚滑車(chē)上神經(jīng)滑車(chē)上神經(jīng)VII. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVEGanglion(三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)). The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神

12、經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE maxillary n(上頜神經(jīng)上頜神經(jīng)) ophthalmic n(眼神經(jīng)眼神經(jīng)) mandibular nerve (下頜下頜n)pons(腦橋腦橋)lacrim n(淚腺淚腺)frontal (額額) nnasociliary(鼻睫鼻睫) n眶上神經(jīng)眶上神經(jīng)lacrimal gland(淚腺淚腺)鼻背鼻背, ,腔腔, ,篩竇篩竇, ,眼球眼球額皮額皮infraorbital(眶下眶下) n s

13、up.alveolar(上牙槽上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buccal (頰頰) nlingual (舌舌) ninf. alveolar n 眼口間皮膚眼口間皮膚上牙上牙,牙齦牙齦顳部皮膚顳部皮膚頰部皮膚頰部皮膚,粘膜粘膜舌前舌前 2/3 普通覺(jué)得普通覺(jué)得Taste.舌前舌前2/3味覺(jué)味覺(jué)mental 頦頦n 下唇皮膚下唇皮膚lower teeth下牙下牙,牙齦牙齦masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神經(jīng)痛三叉神經(jīng)痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神經(jīng)封鎖三叉神

14、經(jīng)封鎖鼓索下頜舌骨肌下頜舌骨肌N NZygomatic n.(Zygomatic n.(顴神經(jīng)顴神經(jīng)) )顴部皮膚顴部皮膚滑車(chē)上神經(jīng)滑車(chē)上神經(jīng)VII. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神經(jīng)三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVEGanglion(三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)三叉神經(jīng)節(jié)) CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) olfactory cells CN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar cell

15、s rod & cone cells CN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior oblique CN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain IV superior oblique CN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) ganglion 1.

16、ophthalmic n. (V1) lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. frontal skin supratrochlear n. frontal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus Summary of CN I - VI 2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n.

17、 nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa lingual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid

18、and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectus mSummary of CN I - VIfacial paralysis面神經(jīng)癱面神經(jīng)癱facial spasm面痙攣面痙攣VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng))SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(腦橋腦橋)延髓溝延髓溝geniculate ganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié)膝神經(jīng)節(jié))VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌鐙骨肌)taste of an

19、terior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味覺(jué)舌前味覺(jué))facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng)舌神經(jīng))tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (顳支顳支)zygomatic branches (顴支顴支)buccal branches (頰支頰支)marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣下頜緣)cervical branch (頸支頸支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(淚淚,鼻腔鼻腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, subli

20、ngual gland(下頜下腺下頜下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(巖大神經(jīng)巖大神經(jīng)) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(鐙骨肌神經(jīng)鐙骨肌神經(jīng))VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng))SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEfacial paralysis面神經(jīng)癱面神經(jīng)癱facial spasm面痙攣面痙攣VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng))SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(腦橋腦橋)延髓溝延髓溝geniculate ganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié)膝神經(jīng)節(jié))V

21、IIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌鐙骨肌)taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味覺(jué)舌前味覺(jué))facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng)舌神經(jīng))tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (顳支顳支)zygomatic branches (顴支顴支)buccal branches (頰支頰支)marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣下頜緣)cervical branch (頸支頸支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(淚淚,鼻腔鼻

22、腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, sublingual gland(下頜下腺下頜下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(巖大神經(jīng)巖大神經(jīng)) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(鐙骨肌神經(jīng)鐙骨肌神經(jīng)) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEfacial paralysis面神經(jīng)癱面神經(jīng)癱facial spasm面痙攣面痙攣VII. The Facial

23、 Nerve (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng))SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(腦橋腦橋)延髓溝延髓溝geniculate ganglion(膝神經(jīng)節(jié)膝神經(jīng)節(jié))VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌鐙骨肌)taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味覺(jué)舌前味覺(jué))facial mm.(面肌面肌)Lingualn(舌神經(jīng)舌神經(jīng))tympanic chord (鼓索鼓索)temporal branches (顳支顳支)zygomatic branches (顴支顴支)buccal branches (頰支頰支)marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣下頜緣)cervi

24、cal branch (頸支頸支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(淚淚,鼻腔鼻腔,腭腺腭腺)submandibular gland, sublingual gland(下頜下腺下頜下腺,舌下腺舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(巖大神經(jīng)巖大神經(jīng)) 腭腭, ,蝶腭蝶腭N Nstapedial n(鐙骨肌神經(jīng)鐙骨肌神經(jīng))VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEVII. The Facial Nerve (

25、面神經(jīng)面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEmacullae of saccule(橢圓囊橢圓囊) macullae of utricle(球囊球囊) ampullarycrest(壺腹嵴壺腹嵴). The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經(jīng)前庭蝸神經(jīng)) SSAnervous deafness 神經(jīng)性耳聾神經(jīng)性耳聾brain stem(腦干腦干)延髓腦橋溝延髓腦橋溝vestibular n.(前庭神經(jīng)前庭神經(jīng))cochlear n.(蝸神經(jīng)蝸神經(jīng))vestibular ganglion(前庭神經(jīng)節(jié)前庭神經(jīng)節(jié))spiral ganglion(螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)

26、)頭位置覺(jué)頭位置覺(jué)聽(tīng)覺(jué)聽(tīng)覺(jué)spiral organs螺旋器螺旋器Int.acous. meatus & pore(內(nèi)耳道內(nèi)耳道,內(nèi)耳門(mén)內(nèi)耳門(mén)). The Vestibulocochlear Nerve(前庭蝸神經(jīng)前庭蝸神經(jīng)) SSA. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA IXmedulla oblongata(延髓延髓)sup. ganglioninf. gangliontympanic n(鼓室鼓室N) otic gangparotid gland(腮腺腮腺)carotid sinus branch

27、carotid sinus & glomuslingual br (舌支舌支)post. 1/3 of tongue (tastepharynxstylopharyngeal br (莖突咽肌支莖突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(莖突咽肌莖突咽肌)tonsillar br.(扁桃體支扁桃體支)palantine tonsil(腭扁桃體腭扁桃體)post.auricular br(耳后支耳后支)pharyngeal mm.pharyngeal branch(咽支咽支)post. auricul. skin(耳后皮膚耳后皮膚)& other sensory). The Gloss

28、opharyngeal Nerve(舌咽神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSAmedulla oblongataXLsup. ganglioninf. ganglionsup.laryng.n(喉上喉上N) phary.br.(咽支咽支)sup.cerv.card.br.(頸上心支頸上心支)inf.cerv.card.br.(頸下心支頸下心支)rec.laryng. n.(喉返喉返N)inf.laryng.n(喉下喉下N)bronc.br.(支氣管支支氣管支)esophag.br.

29、(食管支食管支)ant.vagal tr.(前干前干)post.vagal tr.(后干后干)int.br.(內(nèi)支內(nèi)支)laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜喉粘膜)cricothyroideus(環(huán)甲肌環(huán)甲肌)phary.mm(咽肌咽肌) & mucosa(粘膜粘膜)cardiac plexus(心叢心叢)heart mm(心肌心肌)laryng.mm喉肌喉肌& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)esoph.br(食管支食管支)trac. br(氣管支氣管支)食管腺食管腺,肌肌氣管腺氣管腺,肌肌 & mucosa(粘膜粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)hepat.br.(肝支

30、肝支)ant.gast.br(胃前支胃前支)post.gast.br(胃后支胃后支)celiac br.(腹腔支腹腔支)hepat. plxgast. plxgast. plxceliac plx肝腺肝腺,肌肌senssenssenssens胃腺胃腺,肌肌胃腺胃腺,肌肌腸腺腸腺,肌肌pulmonary plxesoph. plx支氣管腺支氣管腺,肌肌食管腺食管腺,肌肌& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜粘膜)sense耳支耳廓耳支耳廓,硬腦膜硬腦膜ext.br.(外支外支)R. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)) XI. The Accessor

31、y Nerve (副神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)) SVE Medulla oblongata(腦干腦干)spinal cord(脊髓脊髓)sterno-cleido-mastoideus(胸鎖乳突肌胸鎖乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌斜方肌)pharyngeal mm.laryngeal mm(咽喉肌咽喉肌)spinal root(脊根脊根)XIcranial root (顱根顱根XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (舌下神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng))GSEmedulla oblongata(延髓延髓)XIIlingual branches(舌支舌支)mm of tongue(舌肌舌肌)descendi

32、ng br(降支降支)ansa cervicalis(頸袢頸袢)infrahyoid mm(舌骨下肌群舌骨下肌群)cervical plexus (頸叢頸叢)hypoglossal canal舌下神經(jīng)管舌下神經(jīng)管C1C2C3paralysis of tonguemm. paralysis of tonguemm. 舌肌癱瘓舌肌癱瘓(伸舌時(shí)舌歪向患側(cè)伸舌時(shí)舌歪向患側(cè)) )Summary of CN VII - XIICN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n. gr

33、eater petrosal n. n. of pterygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branches zygomat

34、icus, orbicularis oculi 5. buccal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular ganglion m

35、aculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organsSummary of CN VII - XIICN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic plexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch ph