1、 初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句 ： 一定語(yǔ)從句的概念;在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。A beautiful girl There are 30 women teacher. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle the film （which） we saw last night

2、was wonderfulWho is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to。The boy whose mother is a teacher likes playing football.二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞:即引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞: 指人：that who whom whose as 指物：that which whose 關(guān)系副詞: where， when， why等關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，否則意思不完整

3、 I was the only person who was invited in my office.This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。This is mary, whose daughter teaches English in our school.This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he w

4、as always making things, most of which were electric.四、關(guān)系代詞 1that:可指人或物，當(dāng)修飾的n.或代詞在句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可省略。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train s

5、tation is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming

6、is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）4 whose表誰(shuí)的(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如：They came to a h

7、ouse whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)五關(guān)系副詞的用法：1when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the

8、 date when Lincoln was born?注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget th

9、e house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3 why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.(三) 使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：when = on (in, at, during) + which;whe

10、re = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.

11、 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?The painting (_at which_ I looked) was painted by meThe book

12、 (_about which_ I heard) was written twenty years agoThe pen (_with which_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.The film _during which l asleep) was very boringKunming is a beautiful place _ where/in which_ ( flowers are seen all the year round).I will never forgot the day _ on which/when

13、_ I first met you on the ship結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。2 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last

14、summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句六 什么時(shí)候用關(guān)系代詞？關(guān)系副詞？從句主謂賓齊全，則用關(guān)系副詞，否則用關(guān)系代詞。I will never forget the days when I stayed with you).Jurassic Park is about a par

15、k _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs).Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).Yesterday we went to visit the house _where/in which the great writer used to live).Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.My father was born in the year

16、_(the Second World War broke out).Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).October 1st is the day _ ( new China was foundedThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been brokenThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important七注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who， that

17、which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 （3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從

18、句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如： this is the best book l that l have ever read. b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如Is there anything

19、that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？ c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那

20、個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。 e先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。 Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？f當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí).用thatsb is no longer the girl (that) she used to be China is no longer the country that it used to be.g.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on

21、the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。 （5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況： a.先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？ b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which， 而不用that.例如： Tom came back， which made us h

22、appy. 湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。八有時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 區(qū)別 1、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, w

23、hich (=as) I have said before 2、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象 那樣”。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war. As we all know, the earth is round3 as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。e.g. She

24、 has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 4.如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which. a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.5在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：Th

25、e way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I dont like the way (that) you laugh at her.九關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.

26、g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系

27、代詞”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the southThey lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. 單項(xiàng)填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom

28、2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with

29、what I said may put up your hands. A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my siste

30、r. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing

31、_you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a stron

32、g interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A.

33、 which B. that C. who D. whom7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. what B. that C. which D. where10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which11. I

34、s this the museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one13. -How do you like the book?-Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that18. Its the t

35、hird time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. because20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. when B.

36、 during that C. in which D. which21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. which B. when C. on which D. during which24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where25. The hotel _ during our

37、 holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed42. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C. which D. whom1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those2. Is this the facto

38、ry _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _

39、 couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have ob

40、served D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D.

41、 on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. w

42、ho D. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against

43、B. that against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook t