1、Unit 3 There be句型及可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞概念引入一、欣賞含有There be句型的名句1. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 無云焉知太陽(yáng)暖。2. Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。3. When there is a family, there is a god. 有家的地方就是天堂。二、名詞名詞是表示人，事物和抽象概念的詞，在短語或句子中通?？梢杂么~來替代。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞等。用法講解一、There be句型1.

2、There be句型的意義There be句型常表示某處有某人或某物。例如：There is a computer in the room. 房間里有一臺(tái)電腦。There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有兩場(chǎng)電視劇。2. There be句型的各種句型結(jié)構(gòu)（1）肯定句：There be某物/某人地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語。例如：There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支鉛筆。（2）否定句：There benot某物/某人地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語。這個(gè)句式的否定形式的構(gòu)成是將be之后加not，同時(shí)，原句中如有some一詞，也應(yīng)改為any。例如：Th

3、ere is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥。There isn't any bird in the tree. 樹上沒有鳥。There are some children behind the house. 房后有些孩子。There aren't any children behind the house. 房后沒有小孩。（3）一般疑問句： Bethere某物/某人地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語？這是There be句型的疑問句，其構(gòu)成是將be動(dòng)詞提到there之前，句尾用問號(hào)。例如：There are some birds in the picture. 圖畫中有些鳥

4、。變成疑問句就是：Are there any birds in the picture? 圖畫中有鳥嗎？對(duì)疑問句的應(yīng)答，如果是肯定的，可以答：Yes, there is 或there are.如果是否定的，可以說:No, there isn't或there aren't（4）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 bethere其它？在這個(gè)句型的一般疑問句之前，加上疑問詞，變成特殊疑問句。例如：-How many birds are there in the picture? 圖片中有多少只小鳥?-There are four birds in the picture. 圖中有4只鳥。使用ho

5、w many提問時(shí)，即可針對(duì)復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞提問，也可針對(duì)單數(shù)形式的名詞提問。在應(yīng)答中，可以按實(shí)際情況回答。例如：-How many boats are there in the river? 河里有多少只船？-There is only one. 僅有一只。注意：否定句或疑問句中的some由any代替。3. There be 句型常用時(shí)態(tài)形式There be 句型常用的時(shí)態(tài)形式有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。例如：There is someone at the door to see you. 門口有人找你。There will be a meeting this

6、 evening. 今晚有個(gè)約會(huì)。4. 主謂一致There be后面所接的某物有多個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞be要根據(jù)最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定，即就近原則。例如：There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk.我的桌子上有一支鋼筆，一個(gè)鉛筆盒和一些書。There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.我的桌子上有一些書，一支筆和一個(gè)鉛筆盒。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 門口有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)老師。5.

7、there be 與have的區(qū)別there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。There be句型表示“存在”關(guān)系，have表示“所屬”關(guān)系，兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。例如：例如：我們要說“明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)?！保?）There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×）（2）There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()有時(shí)候既表示“存在”又表示“所屬”時(shí)，兩種都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the w

8、all.（地圖為三班學(xué)生所有。）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.（地圖存在于三班。）二、名詞1. 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。（1）可數(shù)名詞可以用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)的名詞，稱為可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：book （單數(shù)） books （復(fù)數(shù)）可數(shù)名詞可以被冠詞a/ an修飾。例如：a book 一本書 an English dictionary 一本英語詞典可數(shù)名詞表示具體數(shù)量時(shí)，如果數(shù)量超過一個(gè)，可以直接用基數(shù)詞修飾。例如：two books 兩本書 four boys 四個(gè)男孩可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要

9、隨著名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而變化。例如：Her friend is from Australia. 她的朋友來自澳大利亞。Her friends are from Australia. 她的朋友們來自澳大利亞。常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有：few, a few, many, some, any, a lot of, lots of 等。例如：I have many friends. 我有很多朋友。There are some flowers on the table. 桌子上有一些花。（2）不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)，必須通過容量等計(jì)量單位來表示量的名詞，是不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式的區(qū)

10、別。例如：air 空氣 （正確） airs 空氣（錯(cuò)誤）不可數(shù)名詞的前面不能用冠詞修飾。例如：bread 面包 （正確） a bread 一片面包 （錯(cuò)誤）不可數(shù)名詞的量的變化要通過修飾它的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化來表示。例如：a glass of water 一杯水 two glasses of water 兩杯水a(chǎn) piece of paper 一張紙 two pieces of paper 兩張紙不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Water is important to us. 水對(duì)我們來說很重要。常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：little, a little, much, some

11、, any, a lot of, lots of。例如：There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。2可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式：規(guī)則變化遵循以下規(guī)律：（1）一般情況下，許多名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞的后面加字母s。例如：boyboys，bookbooks，penpens，pencilpencils等。（2）以字母s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的名詞，在單詞的后面加es。例如：classclasses，watchwatches，bo

12、xboxes等。（3）以元音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，在單詞結(jié)尾直接加s；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞，將y改i，再加es。 例如：boyboys，toytoys，family fffffffamilies（4）部分以字母“o”結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加 es。這種情況只適用于少數(shù)幾個(gè)單詞例如：heroheroes（英雄），mangomangoes,potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes?？梢杂每谠E：“英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿和芒果”來記憶。（5.）以字母f或者fe結(jié)尾的單詞，先把字母f變?yōu)樽帜竩再加es。例如：leafleaves。有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)是不規(guī)則變化例如：childchildren，

13、manmen，toothteeth，footfeet，sheepsheep，deerdeer。這些不規(guī)則變化需要在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中不斷總結(jié)和積累。鞏固練習(xí). 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. apple _ 2. pear_ 3. orange_4. banana _ 5. strawberry_ 6. hamburger_7. tomato_ 8. potato_ 9. boy _10. baby_ 11. knife_ 12. bus_II. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. There are a lot of _ (student) planting trees on the hill.2. I

14、 saw many _ (sheep) eating grass on the hill.3. There are a lot of yellow _ (leaf) on the tree when autumn comes. 4. The _(boy) has two _ (watch).5. Mike hurt one of his _(tooth) in the accident yesterday. 6. There _ (be) a lot of sweets in the box.7. There _ (be) some milk in the glass.8. There _ (

15、be) some people under the big tree now.9. There _ (be) a picture and a map on the wall.10. There_ (be) a box of rubbers near the books.11. There _ (be) lots of flowers in our garden last year.12. There_ (be) four cups of coffee on the table.III.句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. There are some pictures on the wall. （改為否定

16、句）There _ _ pictures on the wall.2. There is a bike behind the tree. （改為否定句）There _ a bike behind the tree.3. There is some water on Mars. （改為一般疑問句）_ _ _ water on Mars?4. There are many things over there. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ over there?5. There are four children on the playground. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ _ the four child

17、ren?IV. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Is that your _? Yes, it is. Thank you.A. book B. a book C. books D. the book2. Look! Those are your _. You can use them.A. book B. the book C. books D. a book3. Don't worry. Your son will come back in _hour.A. a B. an C. the D. /4. There are three _ in my family.A. boy B. boys C.

18、 boies D. a boy5. There are ten _ in the picture.A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows6. Look at these _. They are my family members.A. photos B. photoes C. a photo D. the photo7. You can get much _ about the World Expo（世博會(huì)）on the Internet.A. mapB. pictureC. ticketD. information（信息）8. Look! These book

19、s _ not yours. _ are your fathers.A. is; It B. are; They C. are; It D. is; They9. There is _ food on the table.A. lot of B. a lot C. lots of D. lots10. How many students _ in your class?A. is there B. are there C. there are D. there is11. There is some _ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears

20、答案與解析. 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. apples 2. pears 3. oranges 4. bananas5. strawberries6. hamburgers 7. tomatoes 8. potatoes 9. boys10. babies 11. knives 12. busesII. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. students 2. sheep 3. leaves 4. boy; watches 5. teeth 6. are7. is 8. are 9. is 10. is 11. are 12. areIII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. arent any 2. isnt 3. Is there any 4. Whats 5. Where areIV. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. A。從對(duì)話的后面的回答和前面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式可以判斷是用可