1、英語語法-名詞性從句講解在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接1. 連接代詞：who， whose， whom， what， which.有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分。2. 連接副詞：when， where， why， how有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。3. 連接詞：that， whether， if， as if在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時可省略； 二. 具體分

2、類       1、主語從句：作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of

3、great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.(6)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。（7）Whatever you did is right. （8）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（9）What we need is time. （10）What we need are good doctors.(11) What he wa

4、nts to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。(12) It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。再觀察下例句子，找出主語從句。（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is str

5、ange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（9）It is

6、 said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be th

7、ere)有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1. 2. 3 主語從句通常用should + V-原形）（1）It + be + n. + that從句 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is a fact that（2）It + be + adj. + that從句 It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that （3）It + be + V-pp動詞的過去分

8、詞 + that從句 It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that It is known to us all that It is reported/ believed / considered /that It has been proved that已證實（4）It + Vi + that 從句 It happened (to sb) that （某人）碰巧 It occurred to sb that 某人突然想起. It matters that 重要的是 It doesnt matter how/whether怎

9、么樣/是否沒有什么關(guān)系 It seems that好像 It turned out that練 習(xí)1. Watch out! _ smoking here shall be fined at once.(caught)當(dāng)心！無論抓到誰在此吸煙都會立刻罰款。2. _ the open ceremony gave the students much encouragement.(attend)校長親自參加開幕式，這給學(xué)生帶來了極大的鼓舞。3. _ college students should learn more about Chinese history.(it)我認(rèn)為大學(xué)生了解更多歷史很重要

10、。4. _ is clear to us.(land)我們很清楚是誰第一個登上月球的。5. _ there was a short cut to the history museum.(occur)我突然想起去歷史博物館有條近路。6. It is announce that _ in the examination will be graded zero.(catch)已宣布任何被抓到在考試中作弊的學(xué)生都得零分。7. _ is the salary and the chance to travel. (attract)吸引我做這份工作的是其薪水和有去旅游的機會。8. It matters li

11、ttle how a man dies; _ is how he lives.(matter)一個人是如何死的這不重要，重要的是他是怎樣生活的。9. _doesnt make much difference if he wants to apply for this job.(abroad)如果他想申請這份工作，他是否出國并沒有太大的影響。10. _in the game worried his coach.(make)那個運動員在比賽中可能會犯錯，這讓他的教練很著急。2.賓語從句：作句子賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 （1）He told me (that ）he would go to colle

12、ge the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。（2）I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車。（3）Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試。（4）Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那時老師們在問我是否我曾經(jīng)去過那里。(5)Do you know who has won Red Alert game？你知道是誰贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么？(6)

13、The book will show you what the best CEO should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。（7）Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia call phone？你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎？（8）Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告訴我這里有商店嗎？（9）He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.（10）Could

14、 you please tell me how you use the new panel.你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎（11）None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.(1) 從屬連詞：連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether，和疑問詞（what how where when .) that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。（二）關(guān)聯(lián)代詞：連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,w

15、hat,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。（3） 關(guān)聯(lián)副詞：連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.*動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句如：We all expect （that ）they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏，因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us （that） they would

16、help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中，他們都會幫忙的.部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out（that）all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎*動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有：Make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in

17、 mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.*可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I h

18、avent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會，感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate, like, appreciateI hate it when they say with their mouths ful

19、l of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.I would appreciate it if you are willing to help me.如果你愿意幫我，我將不勝感激。若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.*介詞的賓語從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is abou

20、t how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句：有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知.*形容詞的賓語從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句，例如；I am sorry

21、I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he

22、was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.注意事項：1）在句中可以作謂語動詞/介詞/非謂語動詞+賓語注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2）用w

23、ho，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 注意賓語從句中的

24、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：He says that he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）He says that he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時）I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）I know (that)He has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如

25、一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he w

26、ill do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。 5. 動詞后有兩個賓從，第一個賓從的that 可以省略，第二個不能省。3、表語從句：在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。 （how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語）The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。（what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)What I told him was t

27、hat I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。 （what在主語從句中作直接賓語， that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。（what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因（why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語）The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thats just

28、 what I want. 這正是我想要的。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。（第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影，

29、 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果）需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .4、 同位語從句什么叫同位語1. 名詞作同位語Mr Wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2.短語作同位語I,the oldest girl in the f

30、amily,always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，總是要照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海

31、輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home

32、. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是錯誤的。 在某些名詞（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the tea

33、m. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。連詞whether引導(dǎo)（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定?！咀⒁狻縲hether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。3.其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞what,who,whom,whose，引導(dǎo)同位語從句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what作定語）同位語從句 同位語從句2).The

34、question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主語）4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接副詞when,where,how,whyWe havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例

35、句:I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book tells you peoples life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing(定從)I have no idea when she will be back（同位語從句）在句中，加粗部分是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day是表示時間的名詞；在句中，加粗部分是whe

36、n引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時間的名詞。 先行詞定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少數(shù)名詞。例如：The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not s

37、aid anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important名詞性從句注意要點：一引導(dǎo)詞what與that的用法區(qū)別。引導(dǎo)從句時，what要充當(dāng)主語、賓語、或表語等成分，that不作任何成分， 只在語法上起連接的作用，比如：What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present._ we cant get see

38、ms better than _ we have.A. What; what              B. What; that         C. That; that          D. That; what_ caused the accident is still a complet

39、e mystery.A. What         B. That           C. How          D. Where 二引導(dǎo)詞whether與if的用法區(qū)別。主從/表從/同從 + whether ; 介詞+whether ; whether to do whether + or not ; 動詞后的賓從+ w

40、hether/if Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go o

41、r to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？_ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What         B. Who          C. That          D. Whether 三名詞性從句的語序。與別的從句一樣， 名詞性從句必須用陳述的語序， 即使在疑問句中，從句也不倒裝You ca

42、nt imagine _ when then received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited                    b. how excited they wereC. how excited were they        

43、60;           D. they were how excited四形式主語和賓語。當(dāng)主語從句比較長， 而謂語比較短時，常常將從句后置，而用it作為形式主語，置于句首。形式賓語也一樣。_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There        B. This   C. That   

44、       D. It 五Who/ whoever/ what /whatever等的用法區(qū)別。一般說來，Who/ what等含有特指的含義，而whoever/whatever等含泛指的意義，意為“無論誰/無論什么”。另外，以-ever結(jié)尾的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句相當(dāng)于帶有定語從句的名詞詞組：whoever=anyone who     whatever=anything that     whichever=any that例如：Whoever

45、leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.=Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.=Any one of you comes in first will receive a prize.You can just say whatever comes to your mind.= You can just say anything that comes t

46、o your mind.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A. however           B. whatever           C. whichever         D. whenever_ has helpe

47、d to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who         B. The one      C. Anyone             D. Whoever 六Where, when，why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯要求。-

48、I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why          B. when         C. that            D. where 七“介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句“與

49、介詞+whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語9It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who         B whoever             C. whom          

50、60;    D. whomever比較：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home. 八名詞性從句有插入成分時。此時注意兩點： 一是從句仍然不倒裝，而在插入的成分上倒裝；二是要注意主語的主格和賓格的選擇。10_ you have seen both fighters, _ will win?A. Since; do you think who    &#

51、160;     B. As; who you thinkC. When; whoever                      D. Since; who do you think 九引導(dǎo)詞that的省略。引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，通?？梢允÷詔hat，但引導(dǎo)主語、表語和同位語從句時，that一般不能省。如有兩個或兩個以上并列的賓語從句時，只

52、可省略第一個that，其它的that不可省。 十 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣的使用。表示“建議、要求或命令”等詞義出現(xiàn)時，不管是在哪一種從句中，常用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語用(should)+動詞原形，其中should 可省略。常用詞有insist， suggest ，demand, require, request, order, command等。例如：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

53、His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.I.Multiple choice:1.It doesnt matter _ I rest or not.   A. whether B. if    C. that     D. when       

54、         2._there are no living things on the moon is known to us.   A. How     B. Why C. Whether D. That                     

55、0;    3._picks up the wallet and hands it in will be praised by the teacher.  A. Whoever    B. Who    C. That who   D. Who that                   

56、;                 4. Everyone agrees to his suggestion _a bridge _built across the river.  A. that; will be B. which; would be      C. as; should be    D. that; be  

57、                                  5. The news _ to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us.    

58、60;       A. we would go     B. which we would go     C. that we would go          D. would go   6._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. 

59、               A. No matter what        B. No matter which      C Whatever             D. whichever7. He didnt come yest

60、erday. That is _ he was ill.                                 A. because         B. why    

61、           C. how                   D. when8. When and where well hold the meeting _ not decided yet .            A

62、. has      B. is        C. have     D. are9._ Asia is connected with Europe.                        

63、                  A .It is known to all                           B .It knows to all where

64、     C .That is known to all that                  D .It is known to all that10. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_.           

65、60;                    A. who is he                  B. who he is       C. who is it  

66、0;                   D. who it is11.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.                 

67、                                                  

68、              A. that             B. as                    C. why 

69、0;              D. when12._ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.                  

70、60;                                  A. What; because         B. What; that  

71、60;       C. That; what             D. That; because13.   _ I want to know is _ it is worth doing.A. What; that        B. What; whether  C. That; why 

72、        D. That; what14.   _ visits the Great Wall will be struck by it.A. Anyone        B. Each         C. Whoever           

73、0;D. Everybody            15.    _ the workers insisted on was that they _ more pay.A. That; must be given                    

74、;       B. What; should giveC. Whether; would be given               D. What; be given                   

75、                                        16.Writing stories and articles _ I enjoy most.A. is that &#

76、160;       B. are that    C. is what            D. have been what         17.He asked the tailor _.A.   how long would the coat be ready 

77、60;    B.   how soon would the coat be readyC.   how long the coat would be ready     D.how soon the coat would be ready                 

78、60;                            18.   - _ you did?- No, as a matter of fact I didnt need to.A. Is that what    B. Is what that  

79、60;      C. What is that          D. Is that which                               19.    She is pleased with _ you have given her and all _ you have told.A.