1、跨文化交際試題（附答案）Paper1CommunicationAnalysisThefollowingarethreedifferentcasesofcross-culturalcommunication.Ineachofthecasesthereissomethingtobeimprovedupon.Writeananalysisonwhatistobedesiredformoresuccessfulcommunicationorculturalunderstanding.?Question1Case 1:ChenBing,aChinesetourguide,istalkingtoaCana

2、diantourist,LukeBaines,whohasnoknowledgeofChineseatall.Theyarehavingdinnerinarestaurant.Chen:ThisisBeijingduck,oneofChina'smostfamousdishes.You11loveit!Luke:No,thanks.Idon'tlikeduck.Ipreferchicken.?Question2Case 2:FengLiandTomhavebeenworkingonascientificexperimentataBritishuniversityforsomem

3、onths.Ithasnotbeentotallysuccessful.Theyarediscussingthesituationinthelaboratory.FengLi:Idon'tknowwhereitwentwrong!Tom,Don，tfeelsobad.Cheerup,you'vedoneyourjob.FengLi:Butourexperimenthasturnedouttobeafailure.Tom:Relaxforacoupleofdays.I'11facethemusic.FengLi:Tom,wearenotplayingchildren，sg

4、ameshere.Thisisascientificexperiment.Tom,rvenevertakentheexperimentaschild'splay,andI'mplayingthegame.FengLi:Yousayyou'replayingthegame!It'saratherimportantexperiment!FengLiwalksoutoftheLaboratoryangrily.Tomispuzzled.?Question3Case 3:Thisisamorecomplexsituationwherethereareseveralthi

5、ngsthatrequiremoreinformedculturalanalysis.Findtheculturalproblemsandexplaintheculturaldifferences.JimandLiZhenwerestudentsafterlater,yearABritain,inUniversityLeedsattogethergraduating,JimwenttoShanghaiasavisitingscholaronayear'sexchange.JimhadneverbeentoChinabefore.LiZhentookhimtoaclassicalpian

6、oconcertperformedbyafamousChinesepianist.Duringtheperformancepeopleweretalkingandatonestagesomeoneranupontothestageandpresentedthepianistwithabunchofflowersduringtheplayingofaparticularmusicalitem.Thishappenedseveraltimesduringtheevening.Italsohappenedwhentwosingerswereonstagesingingsomesongsthathew

7、asplaying.Jimthoughtallthesethingsquitestrange.Attheendoftheperformancetheaudienceapplaudedthepianistandheapplaudedthem.Theaudiencebegantoleavewhilethepianistremainedonthestage.?Paper2VocabularyChooseonewordorexpressionfromthoseintheboxbelowtofillthegapineachofthesentences>Writethecorrectwordsint

8、hespacesprovidedinyouranswersheet.Donotchangetheformsofthewords.?CommunitywhiteliesDutchcouragegreyareaskintermsvocationbelowthebeltbuyingaroundliveandletlivetroubleandstrifefootthebillrecreation4. Aftertwentyfiveyearsworkinginthebankshedecidedondifferent.5. Finally,afterarguingaboutthemealforfivemi

9、nutesitwasdecidedhewould.6. Despitethecircumstancesoftheaccidenttherewerestillsomethatneededexplanation.7. Therearemanydifferentusedwhentalkingaboutpeople，srelationshipsinChina.8. Mike!MeetJane,the.9. Ok,theargumentisover.Let'sforgetit,youknow.10. PeopleinEnglishspeakingcountriesalsoavoidlosingf

10、aceorhurtingotherpeoplebytelling.11. ItisdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishpubculture,especiallythesystemofwhichallmembersofthegroupareexpectedtojoinin.12. Itwasacrushingblowtoher,ahitwhenshereceivedthenewsthatherhusbandhadleftherforanotherwoman.13.InChinathereisarealsenseofinsocialsituations

11、.?Paper3Translation?TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Pleasewriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.?WhatdowemeanbyInterculturalCommunicationsorIC?Thisisnotadescriptionofthepopulartrendtowardtalkingaboutinternationalthingsorgoingoverseas.ICisactuallyanacademicandapplieddisciplinethatha

12、sdevelopedinternationallysincethe1950s.Sometimescalledcross-culturalcommunicationsorcomparativeculture,scholarsmostoftenusetheprefixinterwiththewordculturaltodescribetheinteractionbetweencultures.Ononelevel,ICisrepresentedbyculturestudies,whereweexaminethepolitical,economicandlifestylesystemsofother

13、countries.Onanotherlevel,itisappliedlinguistics,whereweseektounderstandtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.ManyChineseEnglishteachersandprofessorshavebeeninterestedinthisaspectsincethe1980s-HowtoteachEnglishinwaysthathelpstudentsalsolearnthebasiccommunicationpracticesofBritain,theUSorotherEngli

14、shspeakingcountries.?ButthedisciplineofInterculturalCommunicationsisactuallyabroadandwell-developedfieldofstudy.ICisaninterdisciplinary,applicationoffieldslikeculturalanthropology,sociology,psychology(andsocialpsychology),communicationstudies,appliedlinguisticsandeducationalpedagogy.ICisacomprehensi

15、veattempttounderstandallaspectsofhumanculturesandhowtheyinteractwitheachother.?TounderstandInterculturalCommunications,weseektounderstandtraditionandmodernization,consistencyandchange.Asweunderstandsomeoftheongoingnationalcharacteristicsofapeople,wecanexaminehowthiscultureisseenfromtheoutside,howiti

16、nteractswithotherculturesandhowitischanging.Inthelastthirtyoddyears,scholarshavedevelopedboththeoreticalframeworkconsideringfordimensionspracticalsomeandculturescomparingforthesimilarityanddifferencesbetweenthem.OnelevelofinterculturalcomparisonisCulturalIdentity.AnotherlevelofcomparisonisVerbalComm

17、unication.AnotherareareceivingmuchattentionisNonverbalCommunication.?Paper4ReadingPassage1Questions15-20?InrecentyearscriticismshavebeenvoicedconcerningsexistbiasintheEnglishlanguage.Ithasbeenarguedthatsomeofthevocabularyandgrammarweusereflectsandreinforcesatraditionalviewoftheworldasoneinwhichmenar

18、edominantandwomenplayasecondary,role.Taketheword'chairman'forexample.Whilethiscaninfactapplytopeopleofbothsexes,itappearstosomepeopletobemale-orientedasitendsin'man'.Inthepastpeopletakingtheroleofchairmanwereexclusivelymaleandthewordwasobviouslyoriginallyacompoundof'chair'and

19、'man'.ManyEnglishspeakers,however,haveceasedtoviewthiswordasacompoundandnomorefeelittobecomposedofthesetwounits,thantheyperceivecupboardtobeacompositeof，cup'and'board,.Inadditionthecontinueduseofchairmanmightbedefendedonthegroundsthatthefinalsyllableispronounced/m'n/ratherthan/mn

20、/,justlikethefinalsyllableofwoman.Despitesuchconsiderationsotherspeakerstakeacontraryviewandaresensitivetothecomponentsofwhichitismadeup.Theyclearlyperceiveitasatitlethatperpetuatestraditionalideasabouttheplaceofwomeninsociety.Forthisreasontheyseektoreplaceitwithneutraltermssuchas'chairperson,or

21、'chair',sothatitisnowpossibletoaskquestionssuchas;'Whoischairofthecommittee?"Otherchangesadvocatedincludethereplacementofwordssuchas'postman','fireman'and'policeman'withmoreclearlyneutraltermssuchas'postalworker",fire-fighter'and'policeoffice

22、r，.Thereis,however,continuingcontroversyabouthowfarsuchlanguagechangesshouldgo.Shouldchangesbeconsideredfortraditionalidiomsas'maninthestreet'andtitlessuchasPekingMan'?Whataboutthosewordswherethemalemeaningof'man'isnolongerdominant,suchas'manhandle?Totheextentthatchangeshavet

23、akenplace,theyhavedonesomoreinthewrittenlanguageandformalpronouncementsthanineverydayspeech.Youwouldbequitelikelytoreadinthepaperthat'Postalworkersaretoreceiveapayincrease.'But'Hasthepostmanbeen?'wouldbemostlikelytobeheardininformalconversation.Here'postman'remainsfirmlyentre

24、nchedinpopularusage.Theextenttowhichlanguagereflectsandshapesattitudesandbehaviorsisamatterofconjecture.Chinese,Japanese,PersianandTurkishdonotmakethekindsofsexdistinctionsEnglishmakesthroughitssystemofpronouns,butitwouldbedifficulttomaintainthatmaleswhospeaktheselanguagesarelesssexistthanmaleswhosp

25、eakEnglish!?Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext:?15. Thegeneraluseoftheword'man'addedtoEnglishwordsindicates.A.sexualfeelingsB.sexualfreedomC.sexistideasD.sexistbias.16. GenerallywherelanguageandsexareconcernedinBritain.A. allpeopleagreechangeisneededB. somepeopleagreechangeis

26、neededC. peoplecantmakeuptheirmindsontheissueD. peoplethinktheissueisunimportantandnotserious17. Whatexampledoestheauthorgivetosupportadefenseoftheword'chairman'?18. Whatdoestheauthorargueforwhentheexample'manhandle'isgiven?19. Whatdoestheauthorhavetosayabouttheimpactoflanguagechange

27、s?20. Whatistheauthor'sargumentinthefinalparagraph?Passage2Questions21-27CanComputersDoaBetterJobRatingStocks?SinceMay,CharlesSchwabhasbeenprovidingstockratingstoclientsusingacomputerizedsystemthatitsaystriestoremovehumanbias.Inparticular,Schwabsays,itssystemismeanttoavoidtheconflictsofinterestt

28、hathaveplaguedtraditionalbrokeragefirms,whoseresearchanalystshaveoftenactedascheerleadersforcompaniesbeingcourtedbytheirinvestmentbankers.Webelievethatoursinglebiggestadvantageisourobjectivity,saidJerryChafkin,Schwab'sexecutivevicepresidentforinvestmentadviceandproducts.Whilethedevelopmentofthes

29、ystematicallyperformedbeingisanalysisthehuman,ismethodologyandautomatically.ThoughSchwabisperhapsthemostprominentfinancialservicescompanytouseacomputer-drivenratingsystem,severalothers,includingValueLineandZacksInvestmentResearch,pickstocksinasimilarway.Thevarioussystemsproduceverydifferentratingsof

30、individualstocks,andtheirabilitytooutperformamarketindexfundovertimehasnotbeenprovedconclusively.Theverdictisstilloutastowhethercomputersdoitbetterthanpeople.Whatisclear,though,isthatthemajorcomputerizedsystemshandoutfewerpositivestockratingsthandoWallStreetanalysts,whoseemtogivethemoutverygenerousl

31、y.PeoplewhoruncomputerizedselectionsystemscriticizetraditionalWallStreetanalysisashavinginstitutionalconflictsofinterest,aswellasindividualbias.Iamverysuspiciousaboutopinionsandjudgmentsandemotionsbyhumansinindividualstockselection,saidSamuelEisenstadt,ValueLine'sresearchdirector.However,thecomp

32、uter-drivenstock-pickingsystemsmustrelyontheselectioncriteriaoftheircreators.Alltrytoisolatefactorsthattheirdevelopersbelievehavethegreatestabilitytopredictshareprices.Mostmodelscompareacompany9shistoricalearningsgrowthwiththatofothercompanies.Andmanytracktheextenttowhichearningshavesurprisedanalyst

33、s.Manyfirmsusetheircomputer-basedstock-ratingsystemsasmarketingtools.Thedesignersofthesesystemssaytheyshouldbejudgedonhowagroupofstocksperformsovertime.Butallthesystemsassume,asdostockanalystsonWallStreet,thatsuperiorresearch,byhumans,andanalysiscanselectagroupofstocksthatwilloutperformthemarketaver

34、agesoverthelongrun.MarketanalystssayitistoosoontoassessthefledglingSchwabsystemornewmodels,likeMicrosoft'syear-oldStock-Scouter?MarkthefollowingstatementsTrue(T)/False(F)/NotGiven(NG)accordingtotheinformationprovidedinthetext.?WriteT,orForNGonyouranswersheetinthespacesprovidedforquestions.?21. C

35、harlesSchwabisacomputercompany.22. ThemethodofoperationbySchwabisdoneautomatically.23. 'ValueLine,and'Zacks'havesimilaroperatingmethodstoSchwab.24. Thereisnoconclusiveproofthatcomputersperformbetterthanhumans.25. WallStreetanalystsaregenerousinratingstocks.26. Humanbeingsmakevaluejudgmen

36、tsaccordingtotheresearchdirectorof'ValueLine'.27. Analystsaresurprisedatthegrowthrateofshareprices.答案及評分標準？Paper1:CommunicationAnalysisThefollowingpointsshouldbecoveredintheanalysis.Awardonepointforeachofthepointscovered(underlined).Paper2:VocabularyOnepointforeachitem.Answers must be the4. vocation6. grey areas8. trouble and strife10. white lies12. below the beltsame as the key.5. foot the bill7. kin terms9. live and let live11. buying a round13. communityPaper3:Translation14. “跨文化交際”或“IC”是指什么呢?這并不是對于談論國際事務或出國大