1、城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語 課程教案第7周1 2節(jié)授課題目Unit 2Kno wledge of TrafficLess on 6 In troductio n to the Tran sportati on Pla nningprocess上授課類型講授型教學目標Master the kno wledge of Tran sportati on Planning重點Tran sportati on Pla nningtransportationsurvey, in which an attempt is madeto takean inventory of the trip making patt

2、ern as it exists at the present time, together with details of the travel facilitiesavailable and the Iand-useactivitiesandsocio-ec ono micfactors that can be con sideredtoin flue nee trave tran sportati on survey是先行詞;后面 inwhich為定語從句，用法與 where相 同。which指代 transportationsurvey; 在 in which 定語從句中，anatte

3、mpt 為主語,be made為被動時態(tài) ,to take an inventory of the trip是賓語， maki ng pattern as it exists at theprese nt time 修飾 the trip; together with作為插入語，用法與with 相同，together 作為副詞修飾with; together with 后面接的成分可理解為 details of the travel facilities,detailsof the Iand-use activities,details ofsocio-economic factors,其中

4、that 為定語從句中的關系ft詞，修飾 travel facilities,the Iand-use activities,socio-economic factors三個先行詞； 在that 引導的定語從中，be con sidered to in flue nee travel為被動時態(tài)。難點學習文檔僅供參考教學過程結合同學們對城市交通規(guī)劃的認知程度，根據(jù)教材詳細講述交 通規(guī)劃等相關知識以及文中生詞、短語、及語法結構作業(yè)1. New Words and Expressi ons2. Notes on the textIntroduction to the Transportation P

5、lanning process交通規(guī)劃程序概述1. Tran sportati on Pla nning交通規(guī)戈 UIn the past, large urba n areas have freque ntly sufferedfrom tran sportati on con gesti on.昔日的大城市常常遭受交通擁擠之苦。主 要 教 學 內 容It has been recorded that in the first century vehicular traffic, except for chariots and official vehicles, was prohibite

6、d from en teri ngRome duri ng the hours Ofdaylight.據(jù)記載，在1世紀除了高級的四輪馬車和官宦乘坐的車輛外、其他一切車輛在白天不準許進人羅馬城。While congestion has existed in urban areas, the predominantly pedestrian modeof transport prevented the problem from beco ming too serious . 這在當時以步行方式 為主的市區(qū)內，雖然會發(fā)生擁塞現(xiàn)象，但還不至于出現(xiàn)太嚴 重的交通問題。un tilthe new form

7、s of in dividual tran sport of thetwen tiethcen turybega n to dema nd greater highwaycapacity.到了 20世紀，出現(xiàn)了新型的個人交通形式以后， 就開始要求道路具備更大的通行能力。Changes in transport mode frequently producechanges inIan d-use patterns;交通運輸方式的改變使城市用地布局也發(fā)生了變化，for example, the introductionof frequent and rapid railservices in th

8、e outer suburbs Of London resulted in con siderablereside ntialdevelopme nt in the areasadjace nt to local statio ns.例如： 在英國倫敦 ， 因為在遠郊區(qū)采用了班次既多速度又快的鐵路效勞，結果使車站附近地區(qū)建設了大量的住宅。Recently, the availability of private transport whichcannot be served economically by public transport has led to the growth of ho

9、using development.最近 ， 由于私人汽車的大量使用，使原本不能經濟地提供公共交通效勞的住 宅開發(fā)得以增長。The renewal of many urban areas is much slower than the cha nges of the tran sportatio n modes and the greatest difficulty is that it is hard to accommodate the in creas ing private car.很多城市舊城區(qū)的改建進程，已經 落后于當前交通運輸方式的改變，其中最大問題是不能容納日 益增長的私家車。

10、Before the early 1950s it wasgenerally believed that the soluti onto the tran sportatio n problem lay indetermining highway traffic volumes and then applying a growth factor to ascerta in the future traffic dema nds.20世紀50年代以前，一般認為解決交通問題的方法在于確定 道路的交通量，再采用一個增長系數(shù)來確定將來交通需要量。Many of the early transporta

11、tion studies carried out in the United Stated during this period saw the problem as being basically one of providingsufficienthighwaycapacity and were concerned almost exclusively with highway tran sport.美國在這個時期所進行的一些早期的交通研究工作，根本上把這項工作單純地看做是一個提供足夠的道 路通行能力的問題，并且只關心道路交通運輸本身。During the early 1950s, it

12、was realized that there wasa fun dame ntal conn ecti onbetwee n traffic n eeds andIand-use activity. 20世紀50年代初，人們意識到交通需求和土地利用活動之間存在著根本聯(lián)系，It led to the study of the transportation requirementsof differing land uses as the cause of the problem rather tha n the study of the exist ing traffic flow.它導致在交

13、通規(guī)劃中對不同土地使用引起的交通需求問題的研究大大超 過了對當前交通量的研究。The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the comme nceme nt ofmany land use transportation surveys in the United Kin gdom and the era oftran sportati onpla nningmethodology could have been said to have commenced.20 世 紀50年代末和60年代初，英國開始進行假設干土地使用和交 通運輸?shù)恼{查工作，可以說這是交通規(guī)劃方法學

14、的萌芽時代。Because the planning of transportation facilities is only one aspect of the overall pla nning process which affects the quality of life in a developed society, the provision of transport facilities is dependent on the overall econo mic resources available. 在現(xiàn)代社會中，交 通規(guī)劃是與人們生活水平有關的總體規(guī)劃程序中的一個重要 組

15、成局部，故此交通設施的供應情況依靠于整個社會上可用的 經濟資源。It is depe ndent on the value that is placed on such factors as en vir onmen tal con diti ons, for some tran sport facilities are considered to detract from the quality of the en vir onment and others can be con sidered to improve the environment land use and transpor

16、t planning are also closelyconn ectedbecause thedema nd for travelfacilities has ofte n stimulated Ian d-use activity.它還取決于諸如環(huán)境條件等因素有一些交通設施被認為有損于環(huán)境的質量，有的那么被認為對環(huán)境有所改善。交通設施的需求常 常刺激土地的開發(fā)利用，所以土地利用和交通規(guī)劃兩者之間 是緊密相聯(lián)的。Because we are living in a society that is changing rapidly, and in which the rate of cha n

17、ge appears to be increasing, it is important for some attempt to be made to develop economic ，environmental , land use, population and tran sport pla nning policies.人類生活在一個日新月異的社會里，而社會變化速率與日俱增，因此嘗試制定經濟發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護、上地利用、人口和交通規(guī)劃等各種政策顯得頗為重要。The fact that planning attempts in all these fields have not met wi

18、th con spicuous success in the past decade should be taken as an attempt to improve the methodology rather than an indication that short term plans based on expedie ncy or in tuiti on should be employed.過去1 0年中，在這些領域中的規(guī)劃工作，迄今還未獲得顯著的成就。這一事實說明寧可在規(guī)劃方法學上有所發(fā)展，也不能以權宜之計或直觀的想法為根據(jù).僅以短期規(guī)劃作為指標。研究可以應用于各種交通系統(tǒng)，借以確定它們的需要程 度或適應性。諸如城市間的航空聯(lián)絡線；又如具有衛(wèi)星城鎮(zhèn)的大城市，一條新的高速公路或 一條小汽車和公共交通混 合使用的路線等，The methodology of these surveys will vary in detail but most transportationsurveys that are based onIan d-use activity tend to be divisiblein to three majorsub-divisio ns.上述的這些調杳方法，雖然細節(jié)方面有所區(qū)別，但大多數(shù)還是以上地利用話動為依據(jù)的。交通研究 可分為三個