1、2021/3/91系動詞2021/3/92 系動詞又稱聯(lián)系動詞，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（也稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。 有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如： He fell ill yesterday. （fall是系動詞，后跟補(bǔ)足語，說明主語情況 He fell off the ladder. （fall是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。） 2021/3/931）狀態(tài)系動詞 用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. （is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。） 2）持續(xù)系動詞 用

2、來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery. 2021/3/943）表像系動詞 用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系動詞 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very so

3、ft. This flower smells very sweet. 2021/3/955）變化系動詞 表示主語變成什么樣，有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6）終止系動詞 表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, trun out, 表達(dá)證實，變成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。 His plan turned out

4、 a success. （turn out表終止性結(jié)果）2021/3/96I、常見系動詞錯誤及其成因： （1）漏掉系動詞 I afraid he wont come tomorrow . ( 2 )誤用系動詞 His hair changed grey .(混淆了change 與turn，grow) 2021/3/97II.系動詞分類： 一、根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，分為兩大類：完全系動詞（其后只能跟表語的動詞，如be）和半系動詞（其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法，也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用，如look） He looked sad at the news. （“看起來”，系動詞用法） He look

5、s at a clever boy. （“看著”，實義動詞用法） 2021/3/98 在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞，既有實義動詞用法，又有系動詞用法。常見的有： listen， look ，touch ，hear，see ，sound ，feel， taste ，remain ，keep，stay， turn，become二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義，分為四類： A五大感官系動詞 B狀態(tài)系動詞 C動態(tài)系動詞 D雙謂語系動詞 A五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞2021/3/991look“看起來像是”，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。 The girl

6、bit her lips and looked thoughtful. 2smell“聞起來”，后接adj.，分詞。 The flowers smell sweet.3sound“聽起來”，后接adj.，分詞。 The music sounds sweet. 4taste“嘗起來”，后接adj.，分詞。 The apples taste very good. 2021/3/9105feel“摸起來，給感覺”；“覺得”，后接adj The silk feels very soft. You will feel better after a nights sleep. B狀態(tài)系動詞： 1be，“是

7、”，完全系動詞。 I am a student. 2seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系動詞。 They seem quite happy. 2021/3/9113appear,“顯得，看起來好像”，半系動詞。 He appeared tired and sleepy. It appeared(to be)a true story. Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem. （在我看來）4keep, “保持的狀態(tài)”，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語。 Youd better go

8、to bed and keep warm. 2021/3/9125remain,“仍是”，半系動詞。 I remained silent. 6stay“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，半系動詞，后接adj.、過去分詞。 The window stayed open all the night. 7.prove “證明是”，半系動詞，后接adj.，n. The treatment proved to be successful. 2021/3/913C動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程。 1get“變成，變得起來”，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。 The days are getting long

9、er and longer. The train didnt get going again. Its nothing to get excited about. My watch gets out of order. 2021/3/9142fall“進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)），成為”，后常接以下形容詞： asleep, silent, ill, sick The old man, unable to express himself, fell silent. My father fell ill and died. 3grow“漸漸變得起來，長得” You will grow used to it.

10、Its growing warm. 2021/3/9154turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine. He has turned writer. （注意：此時writer之前無冠詞a.） 2021/3/916 5go，“變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）” The telephone has gone dead. The material has gone a funny colour. (奇怪

11、) go之后常接的adj. 還有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey2021/3/917 6become“變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）” He became angry with me. It became dark. They became good friends. I became interested in drawing. 2021/3/9187come，“變成為（已知的狀態(tài)），證實為”，后接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài)或

12、情況的變化。 His wish to become a pilot has come true. If you look into the matter, everything will come clear. My shoelaces have come undone. 后面常接的形容詞還有：apart, dear（昂貴），natural, open, untied（松開）。 2021/3/9198run,“變成”，后接adj. The well has run dry. The price ran high. 9make，“達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)后接形容詞，如sure, certain, merry

13、, bold, free We must make certain of facts. 我們一定要弄清事實。 The Children make free with the apples. 孩子們隨便吃蘋果。 2021/3/920D雙謂語系動詞 此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義。例如： The run rose red. 太陽升起紅艷艷。 She stopped and stood quite still. The book lay open on the table. The snow lay thick on the ground. He married y

14、oung. The window blew open. 2021/3/921III系動詞用法應(yīng)注意的八個問題 1系動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)分情況討論 一般，狀態(tài)系動詞無進(jìn)行時態(tài)，而動態(tài)系動詞有進(jìn)行時態(tài)。但在某些情況下，狀態(tài)系動詞也有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表示兩個用途：(1)表示一種短暫的、反常的狀態(tài)。如： He is being kind. 他裝出和藹可親的樣子（一時而不能持久的性質(zhì)） 2021/3/922(2)表示一種探詢口氣，使語言客氣、生動、親切。例如： I hope you are keeping well.（語氣委婉） Are you feeling any better?（語氣親切） 試比較： You

15、r hand feels cold. 你的手摸起來冰涼（無意識的靜態(tài)性質(zhì) ） 不可以說： Your hand is feeling cold.() 2021/3/923 The doctor is feeling her pulse. 醫(yī)生正在給她把脈（有意識的動態(tài)動作） The soup tastes good. 這湯的味道不錯（靜態(tài)性質(zhì)，無進(jìn)行時） The cook is tasting the soup.廚師在嘗湯的味道。（動態(tài)動作，有進(jìn)行時） 總之，系動詞有無進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)隨系動詞的意義或其語境變化而變化。在概述某一動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)時，不能籠統(tǒng)地說feel，smell無進(jìn)行時，應(yīng)指出其意義及

16、其語用環(huán)境。 以smell為例2021/3/924smell作“嗅覺”的能力時，雖是實義動詞，但指的是一種性質(zhì)的存在狀態(tài)不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，常與can, could, be able to連用。 The camels can smell the water a mile off. 駱駝能嗅出一英里外有水。 指“嗅、聞”的動作時，實義動詞，可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 The girl is smelling the flower. 2021/3/925smell指“含有氣味”，“發(fā)出氣味”等事物性質(zhì)時，半系動詞，無進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 The dinner smells good. 2021/3/9262系動詞的時態(tài)

17、與形容詞的比較級連用的問題 某些含有變化意義的動態(tài)系動詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用，表示漸進(jìn)過程，其意思是“越來越”。 He is growing taller and taller. Our life is getting better and better. The things are getting worse. 2021/3/9273所有半系動詞的被動語態(tài)要分情況討論 某動詞在作系動詞用時，無被動語態(tài)，而作實義動詞用時，才有被動語態(tài) 不能說： The apple is tasted good. （因為taste此時是系動詞，“嘗

18、起來”之意，指的是蘋果的性質(zhì)，無被動語態(tài)） 但可以說： The apple is tasted by me. （taste此時指“嘗一嘗”這一動作，有被動語態(tài)） 因此要注意半系動詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動詞用法還是實義動詞用法 2021/3/9284瞬間動態(tài)系動詞能否與時間段連用的問題 某些表示瞬間意義的系動詞不能與“for+時間段，since+時間點，how long until+時間,by + 時間，so far”直接連用不能說：He has become a teacher for 2 years. 應(yīng)改為：He has been a teacher for 2 years. 202

19、1/3/929不能說：He has turned writer since 3 years ago. 應(yīng)改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago. 或It is two years since he turned writer. 不能說：He got angry until his child came back home. 應(yīng)改為：He didnt get angry until his child came back home. 2021/3/9305系動詞能接幾種表語（從句） 系動詞除了接adj.n.介詞短語，某些adv.以外，還可接以下幾種表語形

20、式： 能接as if/as though表語從句的系動詞有：look，smell，sound，feel；appear（顯得），seem（似乎） It looks as if we are going to have snow. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. It seems as if it were spring already. 2021/3/931可用于“It+系動詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look It seemed that he had

21、 made some serious mistakes in his work. It appeared that he was talking to himself. 能用不定式作表語的系動詞有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow. Her job is to look after the children. He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 2021/3/932能與there連用的系動詞有：be, appear, seem. There appeared to be only one room. Th

22、ere seems(to be)no need to go. 2021/3/9336能用兩種否定形式的系動詞有兩個：seem, appear. It doesnt seem that we can get our money back. = It seems that we cant get our money back. He seems not to be her father. = He doesnt seem to be her father. The baby doesnt appear to be awake. = The baby appears not to be awake.

23、 2021/3/9347、幾組易混系動詞的區(qū)別 系動詞的區(qū)別主要從兩個方面作比較，一是其意義，二是其結(jié)構(gòu)。 1）get, become, go, turn, grow“變成” get： “變得”口語。后接形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式作表語，但不能與名詞直接連用。 become：“變成，成為（好壞情況均可）。”后接形容詞、名詞、過去分詞作表語，不能與不定式連用。 2021/3/935 go： “變成（某種由好到壞的情況）”，后接形容詞、過去分詞、名詞作表語。 Turn： “轉(zhuǎn)變成”強(qiáng)調(diào)與原來不同的、新的變化，如變質(zhì)、變色等。后接形容詞、不帶冠詞的名詞作表語，后不接不定式。 gro

24、w： “逐漸變得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其變化過程。后接形容詞、分詞、不定式，不可直接跟名詞。 2021/3/9362）look, seem, appear“好像” 三者作系動詞時在意義上的區(qū)別： look：“好像，看起來”，一般用于非正式場合，側(cè)重指從本身外表特征上由視覺得到的印象。 seem ：“似乎，好像”，指說話人內(nèi)心的估計與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實際情況。 appear：“顯得，好像”，常用于正式文體中，指某事物或人給他人的表面印象，有時含有實質(zhì)上并非如此之意。 2021/3/937 He looks like his father. （指其長相看起來相像） He seems like his f

25、ather. （指說話人從個性方面得到的判斷） He appears like his father.（指他的外貌、衣著給他人的印象） 2021/3/9383）keep, remain, stay“保持狀態(tài)” keep作系動詞時，“保持狀態(tài)”，后接adj.或介詞短語：alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy Have you kept well all these years? I hope it will keep fine. In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports. Wed better keep in touch. 2021/3/939 remain，系動詞“仍然存在狀態(tài)”，后接adj.、過去分詞、名詞或介詞短語，強(qiáng)調(diào)某種狀態(tài)前后無變化。 The door remained closed. 門仍然關(guān)著。 Your room remains like this. 你的房間依舊是這樣子。 2021/3/940 stay，作系動詞用時“保持狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞、分詞。 That fellow stayed single. 那個小伙子仍保持單身。 Its easy to stay hidden