1、論文主體段寫作技巧在應試型（雅思或新托福等）議論文寫作中，通常遵循introduction-body-conclusion（引言段 - 主體段 - 結(jié)論段）的三步曲。Body（主體）段落提供了論證觀點的理由，是整個文章的主體，在評分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇滿分的雅思作文（9 分）必須presentsafullydevelopedpositioninanswertothequestionwithrelevant,fullyextendedandwellsupportedideas。這里的fullyextended/wellsupported，必須通過主體段來體現(xiàn)。新托福的滿分作文（ 5 分）也

2、要求iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exemplifications,and/ordetails，同樣必須通過主體段落發(fā)展來實現(xiàn)。一般來說，一篇議論文必須包含至少兩個主體段。每個主體段都必須有明確的主題句topicsentence和若干支持句supportingsentences。他們共同組成文章的理由段，對全文的論點提供理由支持。 建議初學者在練習議論文寫作時，必須遵循理由段發(fā)展的幾個簡單原則， 這對迅速完成理由段、 構建連貫和理由充分的議論文大有幫助。這幾個簡單原則包括：1.Writea

3、topicsentenceforeachparagraphyouplantowrite.Eachtopicsentenceshouldrelatetoyourthesisstatementandintroducewhattheparagraphwillbeabout.Ifyoufindthatthetopicsyouwanttodiscussdonotsupportthethesisstatementyouhavewritten,reviseyourthesisstatementorreconsideryourtopicsentences.（每個主體段都必須有一個明確的主題句）2.Writei

4、deasthatsupportyourtopicsentences.Thetopicsentenceforeachparagraphtellsthereaderwhattheparagraphwillbeabout.Theideasstatedintherestoftheparagraphshouldallrelatetothetopicsentence.（支持句必須圍繞主題句展開）根據(jù)第 2 條的原則，我們來看看下面這個主體段：Hobbiesareimportantformanyreasons.First,ahobbycanbeeducational.Forexample,ifthehobb

5、yisstampcollecting,thepersoncanlearnaboutthecountriesoftheworldandevensomeoftheirhistory.Second,engaginginahobbycanleadtomeetingotherpeoplewiththesameinterests.Apersoncanalsomeetotherpeoplebygoingtotheschool.Third,apersonsfreetimeisbeingusedinapositiveway.Thepersonhasnotimetobeboredorgetintomischief

6、whileengagedinthehobby.Finally,somehobbiescanleadtoafuturejob.Apersonwhoenjoysahobby-relatedjobismoresatisfiedwithlife.這段話的 topicsentence很明顯-Hobbiesareimportantformanyreasons，之后的支持句從三方面闡述hobby 的重要性（ first,second,third），但段中這句話Apersoncanalsomeetotherpeoplebygoingtheschool與 hobby 重要的原因沒有關系，因此削弱了整個段落的連貫

7、性與統(tǒng)一性，應該被去掉。3.Adddetails.Towriteamorefullydevelopedparagraph,youneedtoadddetailstoyoursupportingideas.Yourdetailscanbefacts,examples,personalexperiences,ordescriptions.（需要用多種方式提供細節(jié)展開段落）根據(jù)第 3 條的原則，我們來看下面這個段落：TheSmithsonianInstitutionisworthvisitingforanumberofreasons.TheSmithsonianInstitutionprisesva

8、riousmuseumsthatoffersomethingforeveryone.ThesemuseumsincludetheNationalMuseumofHistoryandTechnology,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceMuseum,theNationalCollectionofFineArts,theNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,andseveralothers.Apersoncandomorethanjustlookattheexhibits.Forexample,intheinsectzooattheNationa

9、lMuseumofNaturalHistory,anyonewhosodesirescanhandlesomeoftheexhibits.Themuseumsprovideunforgettableexperiences.InclimbingthroughtheSkylabexhibitattheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceMuseum,Iwasabletoimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeanastronautinspace.Moviesshownatregularintervalsaidinbuildinganappreciationofou

10、rworld.IntheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceMuseum,thereisatheaterthathasalargescreen.Whenthemovieisshown,itgivestheviewerthefeelingthatheorsheisinthemovieitself,eitherfloatingabovetheEarthinahot-airballoonorhangglidingovercliffs.這是一個成功的主題段，請注意這段話段落細節(jié)展開的幾種形式- 提供事實、舉例、個人經(jīng)歷和描述。我們把這個段落拆分后進行分析：Topicsentence（

11、主題句）TheSmithsonianInstitutionisworthvisitingforanumberofreasons.Supportingidea1（支持理由 1）TheSmithsonianInstitutionprisesvariousmuseumsthatoffersomet hingforeveryone.Detailsfacts（細節(jié)展開 - 提供事實）ThesemuseumsincludetheNationalMuseumofHistoryandTechnology,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceMuseum,theNationalColle

12、ctionofFineArts,theNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,andseveralothers.Supportingidea2（支持理由 2）Apersoncandomorethanjustlookattheexhibits.Detailsexamples（細節(jié)展開 - 舉例）Forexample,intheinsectzooattheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,anyonewhosodesirescanhandlesomeoftheexhibits.Supportingidea3（支持理由 3）Themuseumspro

13、videunforgettableexperiences.Detailspersonalexperience（細節(jié)展開 - 個人經(jīng)歷）InclimbingthroughtheSkylabexhibitattheNationalAeronauticsan dSpaceMuseum,Iwasabletoimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeanastron autinspace.Supportingidea4（支持理由 4）Moviesshownatregularintervalsaidinbuildinganappreciationofo urworld.Detailsdescription（細節(jié)展開 - 描述）IntheNational