1、高二英語新課標必修高二英語新課標必修4Unit4 知識點講解知識點講解張云奇張云奇綏中一高中綏中一高中一、單詞識記一、單詞識記 1. _ n.磁帶磁帶2. _ n.食堂食堂3. _ n.飛機；航班飛機；航班4. _ n.面頰面頰5. _ n.等級；軍銜等級；軍銜rank cassettecanteenflightcheek6. _ n.宿舍宿舍7. _ vi.猛沖；突進猛沖；突進8. _ v.迎接；問候迎接；問候9. _ vt.代表；象征代表；象征10. _ v.擁抱擁抱hug dormitorydashgreetrepresent11. _ vi.打呵欠打呵欠12. _ adj.錯誤的；假的

2、錯誤的；假的13. _ n.成人成人 adj. 成熟的成熟的14. _ n.作用作用 vi. 起作用起作用15. _ v.& n.接近；走近接近；走近approach yawnfalseadultfunction二、單詞拓展二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生單詞派生1. _vt. 聯(lián)想聯(lián)想, 聯(lián)合聯(lián)合 n. 伙伴伙伴, 同事同事 _ n. 社團；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想社團；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想2. _ adj. 好奇的好奇的 _ adv. 好奇地好奇地 _ n. 好奇心好奇心curiosityassociate associationcurious curiously3. _ v.談話，講話談話，講話 _ n.

3、發(fā)言發(fā)言 _ adj.口語的口語的 speak speechspoken4. _ n.防御，保衛(wèi)防御，保衛(wèi) _ v. 防御，保衛(wèi)防御，保衛(wèi) _ adj. 防御的，保衛(wèi)的防御的，保衛(wèi)的defensivedefence defend5. _ n. 臉臉; 表面表面 _ adj. 面部的面部的6. _ n. 安逸安逸; 舒適舒適 vt. 減輕減輕 _ adj. 舒適的；容易的舒適的；容易的 easyfacefacial ease5._ v.主修主修 _ n.大多數大多數, 大部分大部分 majoritymajor6. _ v. 代表，象征代表，象征 _ n.代表代表 adj. 典型的典型的, 有代表

4、性的有代表性的representativerepresent(B) 靈活運用靈活運用 用所給詞的適當形式填空。用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. Children show_ (curious) about everything.名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。2. He was the queens _ (represent) at the ceremony. 在所有格后用名詞。在所有格后用名詞。representativecuriosity3. Its said that our headmaster will give us a _(speak) at the meeting.名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。

5、4. They had a large_ (major) over the other party at the last election. 名詞作賓語。名詞作賓語。majority speech 5. All our officers are trained _ (defensive) ourselves against knife attack. 不定式表示目的。不定式表示目的。to defend三、短語翻譯三、短語翻譯 1. _ 背對背對2. _ 很可能很可能; 有希望有希望3. _ 總的來說總的來說; 通常通常4. _ 舒適舒適; 快活快活; 自由自在自由自在5. _ 丟臉丟臉los

6、e face turn ones back to be likely to in general at ease6. _保衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)以免受以免受7. _ 靠近靠近8. _ 相反相反9. _ 向某人介紹向某人介紹10. _ 面部表情面部表情facial expression defend . againstmove close to on the contrary introduce sb. to sb.【歸納總結】【歸納總結】represent represent 1)vt. 1)vt. 代表；描繪；表現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)，象征；聲稱，代表；描繪；表現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)，象征；聲稱，宣稱；說明宣稱；說明 2)repres

7、ent sth2)represent sth/sb/sb 代表某物代表某物/ /某人某人 3)represent sb as/to be3)represent sb as/to be宣稱某人為宣稱某人為 4)represent sth to sb 4)represent sth to sb 向某人說明某事；向向某人說明某事；向某人傳達某事某人傳達某事 5)represent sth/sb as sth/sb 5)represent sth/sb as sth/sb 把把描繪描繪成成1. represent vt. 代表，象征代表，象征運用運用 根據漢語意思完成句子。根據漢語意思完成句子。 她代

8、表同學們出席了這次學校會議。她代表同學們出席了這次學校會議。She _ at the school meeting. 我代表學校給您打電話。我代表學校給您打電話。_to call you.represented her classmatesI represent our school2 curious adj. 好奇的，求知的，古怪的 (1) be curious about.對感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 極想做某事Its curious that. 很反常，真奇怪(2)curiosity cn. 好奇心，求知欲；奇物 from/out of curiosity 出于

9、好奇meet/satisfy ones curiosity滿足某人好奇心with curiositycuriously好奇地He was very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他對住在樓上的人感到好奇。他對住在樓上的人感到好奇。The reporter whether the official is involved in the case.這個記者很想知道那位官員是否涉及此案。這個記者很想知道那位官員是否涉及此案。 he didnt tell you. 他沒有告訴你，他沒有告訴你， 實在反常。實在反常。Just to satisf

10、y my ， how much did you pay for your car？我只是出于好奇，我只是出于好奇， 請問你買這輛車花了多請問你買這輛車花了多少錢？少錢？is curious to knowIts curious thatcuriosity3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.（Page 26）第一個到達的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼加西亞，緊隨其后的是英國的朱莉婭史密斯。 the first+名詞+to do,動詞不

11、定式作定語(1)動詞不定式作后置定語修飾名詞或代詞。(2)the + 序數詞/最高級/only + n. to doHe was the best man to do the job.You are the only one to go abroad.He is the first woman to win the prize.(3)不定式作定語與名詞的關系主謂關系：n.+ to do sththe man to come動賓關系：n. + to do (vt/ vi+ prep)the book to read the chair to sit onthe man to turn to如果不

12、定式是一個不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等時，不定式后面要有必要的介詞。同位關系：n. + to do sththe ability to study the chance to surviveId like to buy an expensive camera.Well, we have several models_. A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosenShe is looking for a room _. 她在尋找一間房子住。 Give me a piece of paper _ .給我一張紙寫

13、字。 to live into write on4. approach (1)vi &vt.(時間、距離)接近, 靠近接近、逼近(某種狀態(tài))找人商量，接洽approach sb about sth與某人商量.The final exam is approaching.Dont approach the fierce dog.His work approaches perfection.(2) un. 接近，逼近；cn. 方法,途徑，入口, 通路 of sth .的臨近 the approach to sth/ doing 做某事的方法 to sp 去.道路/入口at the appro

14、ach of . 快到.的時候1)The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. 2)With the approach of spring，the weather is getting warmer and warmer3)All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.4)The time for graduation is approaching.畢業(yè)的日子即將來臨。5. Tony appro

15、ached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!kiss sb on the + 部位(cheek/ forehead)hit sb in the face/ on the nose/ headlead sb by the nose/ handvt + sb + prep + the + 部位Mr Wang patted him on the head.6. as if in defence 似乎在自衛(wèi)似乎在自衛(wèi)in defence (of) 為了保衛(wèi)為了保衛(wèi). ；辯護，擁護；辯護，擁護He held up a cha

16、ir in defence of himself.They decided to fight in defence of their country.defend vt &vi 保護；保衛(wèi)；為保護；保衛(wèi)；為.辯護辯護;擁護擁護defend . from/ against 保護保護.以免受以免受He defended me from a drunken man.defence un&cn. 防御防守，辯護，防御措施防御防守，辯護，防御措施defensive adj. 防御的，保護的防御的，保護的preventdefendingdefend usdefendfromdefendag

17、ainst即學即練1(1)They couldnt _ us _ our rights.他們不能阻撓我們捍衛(wèi)我們的權利。(2)We need some lawyers to _.我們需要幾個律師為我們辯護。(3)We should _ the child _ harm.我們要保護這孩子不受傷害。(4)Their duty is to _ the country _ its enemies.他們的職責就是保衛(wèi)國家抵御敵人(入侵)。 運用運用 填入一個恰當的詞或完成句子。填入一個恰當的詞或完成句子。 She had to defend herself _ the guard dog. The du

18、ty of a soldier is to_ _ (保衛(wèi)國家保衛(wèi)國家). against defendhis country7. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. 【觀察思考】1) This is a major road.2) Water plays a major role in our life.3) Her major is History.4) She majored in English at Shandong University.【歸納總結】(1)adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 play a

19、major role in sth 在某事中起重要作用 (2)cn. 主修課程，專業(yè)課(3)vi. 主修 major in sth 主修（=specialize insth ） major on sth 專門研究（課題、文體等）(4) majority n. 大多數，大部分 (集體名詞)the majority 作主語謂語單復數都可以The majority is/ are teenagers.The majority of the students are indifferet to Chinese.be in the majority 占大多數 join the (great) major

20、ity =die4）The majority _ in favor of banning smoking.A. are B. is C. should being D. A or B8. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.reach out (to sb/sth)伸出reach for 伸手夠.reach vt&vi 到達，送達， 伸手，感動 與人取得聯(lián)系9. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!apolog

21、ize to sb for sth/ doing sthmake an apology to sb for sth/ doing10. move close tostand close to get close tocome close to be close toWhen we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question. He came close to being killed.Dont g

22、et too close to the building.shake vt&vi 搖動，晃動搖動，晃動 shook shakenshake sbs hand=shake hands with sbshake ones headShake the medicine before taking it.11. but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, . When Darlene Co

23、ulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face. 12. dash (1)vi. 猛沖 沖擊 急奔dash into + 地點 沖進某地dash through 沖過 dash across dash for 向.沖去dash to do sth 急奔去做某事 (2)cn. 急沖，奔跑，短跑make a dash for sth 急沖向.the100-meter dash at a dash 一口氣，急速地that is the French custom when

24、 adults meet people they know.13. adult (1)cn 成人，大人=grown-up (2)adj. 成人的，成熟的an adult man/woman an adult movie (3)adulthood 成年(期)-adult(s) childhood 童年(期)- child(ren) teenage 青少年時期- teenager(s) youth 青春(期) - youth(s) old age 老年(期)- the aged senior citizen(s) old people Not all cultures greet each oth

25、er the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。注意：部分否定 部分倒裝14. 部分否定not all./ all . not . 并非所有的. 都.與 not構成部分否定的詞還有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogethe

26、r。Not every student passed the exam.All of us cant speak English.提示：表示全部否定的詞有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all; not . any. , not either.15. 部分倒裝 neither/ nor 表示也不。Nor/Neither + 助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞 +主語 + 動詞原形 She doesnt like dance, nor does her sister.她不喜歡跳舞，她姐姐也不喜歡。歸納拓展：含有否

27、定意義的詞置于句首往往引起部分倒裝：否定副詞放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little, neither,nor 等。Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 我們國家從沒像現(xiàn)在這樣團結。Little does he care about face.含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首，如： in no way, by no means, in no case, on no account, at no time等。In no case will I give up

28、my dream.On no account must you accept any money against your conscience. kn()ns 你無論如何不能違背自己的良心而得到錢財。固定句式： neither.nor. , 前倒+后倒 既不.也不not only . , but also 前倒+后不倒no sooner.than., scarcely/hardly.when., 表示，一. 就. ; 剛. 就.即境活用Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by John, and _.AI was neither Bn

29、either was ICI was either Deither was I (2008遼寧卷)他一出家門天就開始下雨。No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.Hardly had he dashed into the room when the door was closedNeither has he finished the work, nor has he informed me of it.16 . likely/probable/possible(1)likely adj. 可能的，adv. 或許，可能Sth./Sb. b

30、e likely to do.It is likely that. 可能.(2)probable adj 可能的有希望的probably adv.sth is probableIt is probable that. 有可能.(3)possible adj. - possiblyIt is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible that.sth. is possibleas quickly/much/soon.as possible可能性由大到?。簆robablelikely possible應用(1)It is _ that it will

31、rain, but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem _.(2)The weather is _ to be fine.(3)It is _ for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour.(4)Snow is _ during the night.(5)The German team is _ to defeat the French team.(6)He has most _ lost his way.possibleprobablelikelypossibleprobablelik

32、elylikely18. simply adv. (1)單單，僅僅，只(only) He studied many languages simply for fun. (2)簡單地，樸素地，簡樸地 Eat simply, dress simply, and live simply. 粗茶淡飯，穿著樸素，生活簡樸。 (3)simple adj.簡單的，樸素的，純真的，率直的These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. 這些行為沒有什么優(yōu)劣之分這些行為沒有什么優(yōu)劣之分

33、, 只是文只是文化發(fā)展的方式不同而已?；l(fā)展的方式不同而已。17. not . but. 不是.而是. 連接并列成分 連接并列主語，就近一致。 =as a general rule 通常，總之Its generally believed that. 普遍認為 Women live longer than men in general. The class are, in general, very bright. 通常通常 總的說來總的說來In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid di

34、fficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!19. in general 通常，總的來說 =generally(speaking)20. though (1) adv. 不過，可是，然而 通常作插入語放句中或句尾，用“，”分開。 It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though. There is no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings. (2) conj. 雖然，盡管=although We went out, though it was raining. Th

35、ough they are poor, they buy a great many books.21. avoid vt.避免；消除聯(lián)想拓展avoid sth.避免某事avoid sb.避開某人avoid doing sth.逃避做某事avoid difficulties overcome difficultiesYou should avoid being late for your class.你不要誤了上課。I tried to avoid answering him.我設法避免回答他的問題。Using Language Showing Our FeelingsIt is possibl

36、e to read others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.1. means of communication 交際手段 means of transportation 交通工具2. intend vt 意欲，打算intend to do 打算做.intend sb to do 打算使某人做intend that .( should) do 打算be intended for 為. 而設計的be intended to do (1)I _ use the

37、facial expression to show my satisfaction. 一般人作主語一般人作主語(2)The facial expression _ show my satisfaction. 一般物作主語一般物作主語(3)The book _ teachers.這種書是給老師（設計的）這種書是給老師（設計的）(4)They _ the plan should be put into practice within the year.他們打算在本年內實行該計劃。他們打算在本年內實行該計劃。 intend to is intended to is intended forinten

38、d thatintended adj. 有意的 故意的 已訂婚的intention cn&un 意圖 by intention 故意地Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal. universal truth universal peace Envy is a universal weakness. universally adv. 普遍地，全球地，全體地the universe 宇宙，天地萬物，全世界，全人類God is believed to have m

39、ade the universe.The universe desires peace.3. universal adj. 普遍的，一般的，到處都有的 全世界的，宇宙的 萬能的Its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.4. function (1)cn. 作用，功能，職能作用，功能，職能the function of the nervesthe function of education(2)vi. 起作用，運轉起作用，運轉 function as 起起.作用作用This machine is not functionin

40、g properly.The sofa can function as a bed.5. ease un. 安逸；舒適vt. 減輕(痛苦憂慮), 緩和at ease 舒適，快活，自由自在with ease 輕易地，毫不費力地feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb. at ease 使某人放松自在/安心take ones ease 休息，輕松一下He handed her a coffee to put her at ease.The smile on our teachers face made usat ease. easy adj. 容易的，輕松的，舒

41、適的of easeat ease(3)He is living a life _. 他過著舒適的生活。(4)I never feel completely _ with him. 我跟他在一起總感到不是很自在。即學即練(1) Now he can put his mind _ because he has passed the test _.(2)The doctor gave him some painkillers _ the pain.to easeat easewith ease It doesnt always mean that we are truly happy, howeve

42、r.6.truly adv. 真實地，真正地，正確地Please speak truly.Thats a truly wonderful plan.This dish can not truly be described as Chinese food.Truly yours= Yours truly7. however adv. (1)然而，但是，可是；however可放句首，句中或句尾，逗號分開,只表示轉折關系，不能起連詞的連接作用。You have not told us your opinion. You can, however, make it clear now. but與how

43、ever意義相同，但however是較正式的說法。but置于句首，后不加逗號，but為連詞，所以可以連接句子，表示轉折關系。The dog was fierce, but he was able to deal with it.(2)however + adj./ adv+ 從句 無論多么/如何.引導讓步狀語從句= no matter how+從句 However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.(3) however + 從句，無論怎么做However you use it, it wont break.Smiles around the w

44、orld can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.8. false adj. 錯誤的，假的，人造的，偽造的, 不忠誠的a false statement false tears a false friend false teeth true or false9. lose face 丟臉 save face 有面子 lose heart lose hope in the face of 在.面前；面對 face to face 面對面 be faced with 面對；面臨In most places arou

45、nd the world, frowning and turning ones back to some one shows anger.10. turn ones back to 背對，背棄，置之不理 turn down 拒絕，調低音量 turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場，調大音量 turn on 打開 turn off 關掉 turn out (to be) + adj/n 結果證明是turn to 轉向，求助于，參考，查閱，翻到 turn away 轉過臉去; 拒絕（某人）進入; 辭退;turn over 翻轉，掀翻，翻身即學即練 選用上述短語填空。 (1)Hes always been kin

46、d to me，so I cant just _him，because he is ill and poor now. (2)The book _ a big hit and its writer became famous overnight. (3)He promised to attend the party，but I dont know why he hasnt _yet. (4)Tom was very disappointed，because his request_. (5)Hundreds of people were _ from the theatreturn my ba

47、ck toturned out(to be)turned upwas turned downturned away. but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. . shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.11. 動名詞doing作主語，謂語用單數。12. nod ones head up and down 上下點頭 shake ones head from side to side 搖頭13. refu

48、sal n. 拒絕 refuse vt&vi 拒絕 refuse sb/sth refuse to do sthLooking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. 14. look away from 不看,不注視當我和你說話時看著我,不要看別處。Dont look away from me when Im speaking to you. look at 看看;視為視為 look back 回頭看回頭看;回顧回顧look down on/upon 輕視輕

49、視, 瞧不起瞧不起look for 尋找尋找look forward to 盼望盼望 look into 調查調查, 往里看往里看look out 小心小心 look on 旁觀旁觀look over 仔細檢查仔細檢查look through 瀏覽瀏覽look up 仰視仰視; 查找查找look up to 尊敬，看得起15. be respectful to sb 尊敬某人，對某人有禮貌Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture,but in general it is probably not a good

50、 idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. subjective adj. 主觀的；個人的；自覺的subject cn. 主題；科目； 主語；研究對象objective adj. 客觀的；目標的；賓格的object cn. 目標；物體；客體；賓語give a hug to sb= give sb a hug16. rank n. 排；等級；軍銜；隊列 vt. 排列；把分等In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher ran

51、k. We can often be wrong about each other.17. be wrong about 誤解，誤會 = misunderstand1. 昨天在大街上行走時昨天在大街上行走時, 凱特凱特沒有沒有和我和我講話講話, 我也沒有我也沒有和她講話。和她講話。Yesterday while walking on the street, Kate didnt speak to me, nor did I.2. 她的性格和我她的性格和我很相似很相似。2. Her personality is similar to mine.3. 不是不是我做錯了事我做錯了事, 而是而是她心情

52、不好。她心情不好。3. It was not that I did something wrong but that she was in a bad mood.4. 后來我試圖后來我試圖靠近靠近凱特凱特, 她卻背對著我。她卻背對著我。4. I tried to move close to Kate later, but she turned her back to me.5. 很可能很可能她生我的氣了她生我的氣了。It was likely that she was angry with me.6. 這讓我這讓我感到感到很不很不自在自在。This made me feel not at ea

53、se.7. 我不在乎我不在乎, 還決定隨時還決定隨時保護她保護她。I didnt care and decided to defend her at any time.1. 昨天在大街上行走時昨天在大街上行走時, 凱特凱特沒有沒有和和我講話我講話, 我也沒有我也沒有和她講話。和她講話。2. 她的性格和我她的性格和我很相似很相似。3. 不是不是我做錯了事我做錯了事, 而是而是她心情不好。她心情不好。4. 后來我試圖后來我試圖靠近靠近凱特凱特, 她卻背對著我她卻背對著我5. 很可能很可能她生我的氣了。她生我的氣了。6. 這讓我這讓我感到感到很不很不自在自在。7. 我不在乎我不在乎, 還決定隨時還決

54、定隨時保護她保護她。合并合并: Yesterday while walking on the street, Kate didnt speak to me , nor did I. This was because her personality was similar to mine and it was not that I did something wrong but that she was in a bad mood. I tried to move close to Kate later, but she turned her back to me. It was likely

55、that she was angry with me which made me feel not at ease. Still I didnt care and decided to defend her at any time.一、語法填空一、語法填空 Language learning begins with listening. Some linguists say children are greatly different in the amount of listening 1 _ they do before they start speaking, and later sta

56、rters are often long listeners. 1. 引導定語從句修飾前面的引導定語從句修飾前面的listening。thatMost children 2 _ (obey) spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate 3 _ a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by children. 2. 根據句意用將來時態(tài)。根據句意用將來時態(tài)。 3. 此處意為此處意為“作為作為”。 will obeyasBefore 4 _ can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the