1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虛虛 擬擬 語語 氣氣英語動詞有三種語氣: 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣陳述語氣：用來表示所說的話是事實或提出疑問，廣泛用語陳述句，疑問句和感嘆句。祈使語氣：表示所說的話是請求，命令，指示或勸告等。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣：表示說話人的所說表示說話人的所說的話的話不是事實不是事實，一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等( (在在條件條件從句從句中或中或讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句中中) )；一種表示說話人的愿望、要求、命一種表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等令、建議等 ( (在在賓語從句、表語從賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句句、同

2、位語從句) )。Eg : We met in this room . 陳述語氣陳述語氣 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使語氣祈使語氣If I were you , I would study hard . 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法.條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。真實條件句真實條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,是與是與事實相符的。事實相符的。非真實條件句非真實條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的

3、， 與事實相反的情況。與事實相反的情況。If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America. 一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中與與過去過去事實相事實相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與將來將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句If+主語主語+過去式過去式（be用用were)If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞If+主語主語+過去式過去式（be用用were)If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原

4、形動詞原形If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形主語主語would動動詞原形詞原形(should/could/might)主語主語would動動詞原形詞原形(should/could/might)主語主語wouldhave +動詞過去動詞過去分詞分詞(should/could/might) 動詞形式動詞形式時間時間從句從句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（動詞過去式（be的的過去式一般用過去式一般用were）would should + 動詞原形動詞原形could might 與與過去事實相反過去事實相反had +過去分詞過去分詞would should have+過去

5、分詞過去分詞could might與與將來事實將來事實可能相反可能相反動詞過去式動詞過去式/should +動詞原形動詞原形were to動詞原動詞原形形would should +動詞原形動詞原形could mightI would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .had hadwould have gon

6、e過去事實相反過去事實相反If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark: 100 I _ a party for you . should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,將來時相反將來時相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have mad

7、e a mistake.If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。與現(xiàn)在事實相反I

8、f I were you, I would go at once. 與過去事實相反與將來事實可能相反PRACTICE 1PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If

9、 I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yester

10、day, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwould have gonePRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksa. If there (be) no natural resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you_(get up) too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould

11、happen should get up注意1.省略省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或或 should 時，可省略時，可省略if ，而把它們放在而把它們放在句首句首,再將句子的主語和謂語動詞實再將句子的主語和謂語動詞實行行全部倒裝或部分倒裝全部倒裝或部分倒裝。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try ag

12、ain. Should he fail in the experimentHad he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations. 2 由由介詞介詞或或介詞介詞短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)常見的介詞或介詞短語有常見的介詞或介詞短語有without(沒有沒有) , but for(要不是要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today .= If there were no electricity , Without

13、 his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice , But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help ,But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,1

14、. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C should be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived 二、虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中1.Wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來未來：過去時（過去時（were）過去完成時過去完成時would/could/might+V. 1.I wish

15、 I were a bird2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 用于賓語從句用于賓語從句I wish從句結(jié)構(gòu)從句結(jié)構(gòu)Example與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去式一般過去式I wish it were autumn now.與過去事實相反與過去事實相反過去完成式過去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.與將來事實相反與將來事實相反would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon.I wi

16、sh I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.1.Practice 1 He is not a pilot, but he wis

17、hes he_ (be).2.I wish I _(meet) him yesterday.3.I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow.4.A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish I _mistakes every day.A.dont make B. havent made C. wouldnt have made D. didnt make 2.I wish they _ in this ball game . A would be succeeded B would be successful C had been succ

18、ess D had been successful 3. He wished he _ more about the subject , so he could talk about it . A had known B knew C would know D knows 4. How I wish I _ a doctor , and _ the dying girl . A am , can save B was , saved C were , could save D will be , will save 5. -What shall we do next ? -I wish tha

19、t Bill _ here . If he _ here , he would tell us what to do . A has been , has been B would be , would be C were , were D is , is 6 .How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden !A has B had C will have D had had 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visite

20、d B would visit C visited D will visit 2.在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的賓語從句中：后的賓語從句中： “(should) +動詞原形動詞原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.(一個堅持一個堅持insist ，兩個命令，兩個命令order, com

21、mand ，三個建議，三個建議advise, suggest, propose四個要求四個要求demand , require, request, desire)注：以上動詞的名詞形式用于同位語從句中，注：以上動詞的名詞形式用于同位語從句中，從句中的動詞也是用從句中的動詞也是用“(should) + 動詞原形動詞原形”Practice : 1. I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible . A should sent to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent

22、 to 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent . A be raised B would be raised C raised D raise 3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules . A obeys B obey C will obey D would obey 4. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill , and her parents suggested that

23、she _ a medical examination . A be , should have B was , have C should be , had D was , has 5. - Do you know where he comes from ?-No , but his accent suggests that he _ from the south . A was B should be C is D were 注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時，講時，insist 表示表示”堅持認(rèn)為堅持認(rèn)為“之意時，應(yīng)用陳述之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。語氣。Eg

24、 : The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 三用語表語從句和同位語從句三用語表語從句和同位語從句在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /demand 等等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用要用“should動詞原形動詞原形”should可以省略可以省略Eg : My suggest

25、ion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. 考題點擊：考題點擊：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. shou

26、ld be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent3. Would rather that寧愿寧愿現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：I would rather you paid

27、me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 過去時過去時過去完成時 would prefer , 表示一種表示一種希望希望和和委婉委婉的責(zé)備。的責(zé)備。Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我寧愿下周他不要在這待的太久。我寧愿下周他不要在這待的太久。四四 .用于主語從句中用于主語從句中 1.It is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossibl

28、e / surprising + that 從句。從句。從句從句中的中的謂語動詞謂語動詞用用should+動詞動詞原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略。Eg :It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she （should ）refuse to come to the party. 2. It is suggesteddesired / ordered

29、 / requested / proposed / demanded that從句從句從句從句中的中的謂語動詞謂語動詞用用should+動詞動詞原原形形，should 可以可以省略省略Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.3. It is a pitya shameno wonder + that 從句從句從句從句中的中的謂語動詞謂語動詞用用should+動詞動詞原原形形，should 可以省略可以省略省略省略

30、 eg : It is a pity that he should be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心真可惜他竟然如此粗心考題點擊：考題點擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中1.It is (high / about

31、 ) time that“到做到做-的時間了的時間了.”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略過去時should +V原.我們該去睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2.If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句“要是該有多好啊要是該有多好啊”用法與用法與wish 相同相同Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! “好象好象”3. as if /though + Clause 與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反用過去式用過去式與過去事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反與將來事實相反 過去完成式過去完成式Would / could / might +動詞原形動詞原形1) as if /as though連接表語從句連接表語從句 He talks as if he knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2) as if / as though連接狀語從連接狀語從 句句