1、Five Famous Symbols of American CultureThe Buffalo NickelReading Today, American coins honor prominentToday, American coins honor prominent（杰出的杰出的） figures figures （圖形，圖像，人物圖形，圖像，人物）of the US government mostly of the US government mostly famous former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, famous forme

2、r presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938 , honored a pair of connected produced from 1913 to 1938 , honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier the destruction of the buffalo herds(t

3、he destruction of the buffalo herds(牧群牧群) and the ) and the American Indians.American Indians. 如今，美國(guó)的硬幣被用來紀(jì)念美國(guó)政府的杰出人物，其中如今，美國(guó)的硬幣被用來紀(jì)念美國(guó)政府的杰出人物，其中多為著名的前總統(tǒng)，而多為著名的前總統(tǒng)，而19131913至至19381938年間發(fā)行的野牛鎳幣，卻年間發(fā)行的野牛鎳幣，卻是為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)開發(fā)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)所導(dǎo)致的兩部相互關(guān)聯(lián)的悲是為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)開發(fā)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)所導(dǎo)致的兩部相互關(guān)聯(lián)的悲劇，那就是一野牛群滅絕和美國(guó)印第安人的毀滅。劇，那就是一野牛群滅絕和美國(guó)印第安人的毀滅。R

4、eading While white people had previouslyWhile white people had previously（以前，在先以前，在先） been used been used as models for most American Indians as models of his as models for most American Indians as models of his creationcreation. 在那之前大多數(shù)硬幣一白人為其人物原型，但著在那之前大多數(shù)硬幣一白人為其人物原型，但著名藝術(shù)家詹姆斯名藝術(shù)家詹姆斯厄爾厄爾弗雷澤卻打破傳統(tǒng)，用

5、弗雷澤卻打破傳統(tǒng)，用了了3 3名真正的美國(guó)印第安人作為其創(chuàng)作原型。名真正的美國(guó)印第安人作為其創(chuàng)作原型。Reading For the buffalo on the other side, since buffola no For the buffalo on the other side, since buffola no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketchforced to s

6、ketch（素描素描） an aging buffalo from New an aging buffalo from New York City Park Zoo. Two years later in 1915, this York City Park Zoo. Two years later in 1915, this animal was sold for animal was sold for 100 and killed for meat, a hide100 and killed for meat, a hide（獸皮獸皮）, , and a wall decoration ma

7、de from its horns.and a wall decoration made from its horns. 由于已經(jīng)很難在大草原上找到野牛，因此，弗雷由于已經(jīng)很難在大草原上找到野牛，因此，弗雷澤為了塑造硬幣另一面上的野牛，只能到紐約中澤為了塑造硬幣另一面上的野牛，只能到紐約中央公園動(dòng)物園里去畫只老野牛的素描。兩年后，央公園動(dòng)物園里去畫只老野牛的素描。兩年后，即即19151915年，這頭牛被以年，這頭牛被以100100美元的價(jià)格荬掉，而后殺美元的價(jià)格荬掉，而后殺死吃肉，牛角被制成墻上的裝飾品。死吃肉，牛角被制成墻上的裝飾品。Origin It is designed by Amer

8、ican famous artist James Fraser in 1911,which became a kind of coin between 1913 and 1938.The paintings on American traditional coin is mainly all previous president.But Buffalo Nickel didnt follow,it print two images which was close to extinguish in American Westward movement to commemorate. 1911 1

9、911年，由美國(guó)著名藝術(shù)家詹姆斯年，由美國(guó)著名藝術(shù)家詹姆斯 弗雷澤弗雷澤(James Fraser)(James Fraser)設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)，1913-19381913-1938年間成產(chǎn)的年間成產(chǎn)的 一種硬幣。一種硬幣。 美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)硬幣上刻畫的主要是歷屆美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)硬幣上刻畫的主要是歷屆總統(tǒng)?？偨y(tǒng)。 但是野牛鎳幣，沒有循規(guī)蹈矩，而是但是野牛鎳幣，沒有循規(guī)蹈矩，而是 將在美國(guó)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中遭破將在美國(guó)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中遭破壞幾近滅絕的兩種形象壞幾近滅絕的兩種形象-美國(guó)野牛以及土著印第安人的形象印為美國(guó)野牛以及土著印第安人的形象印為 紀(jì)紀(jì)念。念。 Designer James Earle Fraser (November 4, 1876 October 11, 1953) was born in Winona, Minnesota andwas an American famous sculptor 詹姆斯詹姆斯厄爾厄爾弗雷澤弗雷澤 （1876.11.41953.10.1）出生于明尼蘇達(dá)的薇諾娜 ,美國(guó)著名雕塑家PrototypePrototype To remind American citizens to protect the environment, the government issued this buffalo nickel.PrototypeSize美國(guó)普通