1、曾用強(qiáng)曾用強(qiáng)廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué) 信息構(gòu)成 寫一篇文章，說一句話，必然有一個要傳達(dá)的主信息。讀文章聽說話的人，怎樣才算獲得了主信息？首先他必須抓住主信息的核心。核心包含主信息的主題（topic），這就是：這是關(guān)于什么的主信息？還包含主信息的表述（predication），這就是：主信息是什么？也就是主信息的概括。例如：顧客甲問一種酒，服務(wù)員乙答：“這酒名貴。6000元一瓶?！币业脑挼男畔⒑诵氖恰斑@酒名貴”，主題是“這酒”，表述是“名貴”?！?000元一瓶”是如何名貴的具體說明，是主信息的輔助信息。 信息=主題+表述 信息構(gòu)成：主題 Tristan da Cunha, a 38-sq

2、uare-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (葡萄牙海軍上將)of the same name in 15o6, and settled in 1810, th

3、e island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second - and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land - is Easter Island, which lies 1,26o miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64

4、-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. O

5、n Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 信息構(gòu)成：主題 + 表述 Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthes

6、t inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 15o6, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Brita

7、in and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second - and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land - is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled

8、 around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however,

9、 settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.island in the world according to the Guinness Book of Recordsthe farthest inhabited表述限制性信息 信息分類 主信息=主題

10、+表述 限制性信息 修飾性信息 評判性信息 如何閱讀 分析主題 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills (讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), accordin

11、g to Inter- mountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. Literacy spe

12、cialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading a headache, said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started Dog Day Afternoon in the

13、 childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a pawgraphed book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in

14、 April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. 如何閱讀 分析表述 （尤其注意分析新出現(xiàn)的名詞） Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills (讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed

15、for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Inter- mountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt L

16、ake City Public Library is sold on the idea. Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading a headache, said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last

17、 November the two groups started Dog Day Afternoon in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a pawgraphed book at the last class. The program

18、 was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. 如何閱讀 理解信息之間的意義關(guān)系 常見的意義關(guān)系歸納為以下幾類： 因果 例證 解釋/定義 描述 回答 試題結(jié)構(gòu)試題結(jié)構(gòu) 閱讀理解試題由以下三個部分組成： 題干 答案 干擾項 考點分類 閱讀理解要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：(1) 理解主旨和要義；(2) 理解文中具體信息；(3)

19、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；(4) 作出判斷和推理；(5) 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；(6) 理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。 試題結(jié)構(gòu) 題干 如何將信息點轉(zhuǎn)換成一個考試問題主要取決于，要求考生通過什么方式獲取信息。主要的形式包括 識別 理解 概括 推理 試題結(jié)構(gòu) 題干(舉例)1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _. （ 理解：表述）2. Which of the following is most famous for moai? （ 理解：表述）3. Which country does Easter Island belong to? （ 理解：表述）4. What is mainly discussed in the text? (概括：主體思想)5. Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think _. (理解：意義關(guān)系 )6. By saying The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea, the writer means the library _.( 理解：句子