1、2008級(jí)學(xué)生四級(jí)訓(xùn)練材料（作文）二、問題分析型議論文（6篇）1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Skipping Classes on College Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1)大學(xué)里逃課現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生2)分析學(xué)生逃課的原因3)如何減少逃課現(xiàn)象【思路點(diǎn)

2、撥】本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點(diǎn)指出一種現(xiàn)象，提綱第2點(diǎn)要求分析該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，提綱第3點(diǎn)要求說明如何解決該問題。【范文】 Skipping Classes on College CampusIn colleges and universities, the phenomenon of students skipping classes is not unusual. There are often some students who skip those classes for feeling uncomfortable or other private reasons. 1Besi

3、des, still some students are absent in classes without any reason but for they dont want to.2There are two main reasons for college students skipping classes. 1First, 3compared with in middle school, students have more freedom in college. 4It depends more on one students consciousness 4whether he wi

4、ll attend the class. So students lacking self-discipline begin to skip classes. 1Second, some teachers classes could not attract students interests 5so that some students 6would rather skip classes to study what they are interested in.7For whatever reasons, skipping classes 8does bring negative effe

5、cts on students study. 1Therefore, 9it is necessary to take some effective measures to reduce this phenomenon. 1On the one hand, the school and teachers should make students realize the negative effects of skipping classes and increase their consciousness of attending the class. 1On the other hand,

6、teachers have to improve their teaching quality to attract students interests. 10Only in this way can the phenomenon of skipping classes be reduced.【亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1過渡銜接詞語(yǔ)，使文章條理清晰、銜接緊密。2用于引出原因。3“和相比”。4it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，whether從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。5so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。6“寧愿”。7“不管什么原因”。8強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。9用于引出解決辦法。10“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，引起句子部分倒裝。2.Direct

7、ions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Students Pursuit for Famous Brands. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1)現(xiàn)在很多大學(xué)生都喜歡追求名牌2)產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因是什么3)你如何看待這一現(xiàn)象【思路點(diǎn)撥】本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點(diǎn)指出一種現(xiàn)象，提綱第2點(diǎn)要

8、求分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因，提綱第3點(diǎn)要求談?wù)劇拔摇睂?duì)該現(xiàn)象的看法。根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含如下內(nèi)容：描述目前熱衷于大學(xué)生追求名牌的現(xiàn)象;分析大學(xué)生熱衷名牌的原因;闡述“我”對(duì)大學(xué)生追求名牌的看法并提出建議?！痉段摹?StudentsPursuit for Famous BrandsNowadays many college students like to pursue famous brands. From clothes to mobile phones, even electronic dictionaries and pens, they 1are inclined to buy fa

9、mous brands. 2Moreover, many students from poor families begin to 3follow this consumption trend. This phenomenon has aroused wide attention.4The following reasons can account for college students preference for famous brands. 2Above all, in many college students eyes, a famous brand is a symbol of

10、sophistication and taste. They expect others to admire their high class and good taste. 2Whats more, in modern society, famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion, 5which has great attraction to young college students. 2Besides, parents spoiling children helps form their bad consumption habit

11、.2As far as I am concerned, 6it is irrational for college students to pursue famous brands. 3After all, most of famous brands are 7far beyond their consumption ability. 3Besides, 8it is not famous brands but a persons noble character that really makes him high class. 3Therefore, college students sho

12、uld attach more importance to cultivating a good character 9rather than pursuing famous brands.【亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1“有傾向”。2過渡銜接詞語(yǔ)，使文章條理清晰、意義連貫。3 follow表示“跟隨，追求(趨勢(shì)或時(shí)尚)”4用于引出原因。5which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。6 it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)。7“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出他們的消費(fèi)能力”。beyond表示“超出范圍”。8強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)。notbut連接并列成分。9“而不是”。3.Directions: For this part, you are al

13、lowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Self help Traveling of College Students. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1)大學(xué)生出去旅行經(jīng)常會(huì)選擇“自助游”2)分析大學(xué)生選擇“自助游”的原因3)你的看法【思路點(diǎn)撥】本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點(diǎn)指出一種現(xiàn)象，提綱第2點(diǎn)要求分析這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，提綱第3點(diǎn)要求談?wù)劇拔摇?/p>

14、對(duì)該現(xiàn)象的看法。根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：簡(jiǎn)單說明何謂“自助游”，描述大學(xué)生熱衷于“自助游”的現(xiàn)象；分析大學(xué)生選擇“自助游”主要原因；闡述“我”對(duì)“自助游”的看法?！痉段摹?Self-help Traveling of College StudentsSo called self-help traveling refers that travelers themselves arrange travel route, travel time, and all the other matters during travel, without any guide and team lead

15、er. Nowadays this kind of traveling model is gaining more and more popularity among college students. According to the survey, over 80% of college students prefer self-help traveling to following a tour group.Why are college students so fond of self-help traveling? Above all, self-help traveling giv

16、es travelers more freedom and space. College students dont like being restricted and they want to arrange their travel as they wish. Moreover, self-help traveling provides college students a good chance to improve their adaptability and viability. Besides, the expenses in self-help traveling are con

17、trolled by travelers themselves. It is a good choice for those college students who have not much money for their own use.As a college student, I enjoy self-help traveling very much, and I have benefited a lot from it. For one thing, I have appreciated many amazing scenery that those travelers who f

18、ollow tour groups could not. For another, self-help travel helps me learn how to deal with people better.【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示】 gaining more and more popularity 越來越受到歡迎 Above all, Moreover, Besides, 首先其次再次（起到遞進(jìn)作用）Adaptability 適應(yīng)能力benefited a lot from 受益非淺4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

19、write a composition on the topic How Will Our Life Go on without Internet?You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給了人們豐富多彩和便捷的生活2. 很多人開始感覺離開網(wǎng)絡(luò)寸步難行3. 你對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴癥的看法【范文】How Will Our Life Go on without Internet?If asked whether the Inter

20、net is the greatest discovery of the 20th century, my answer would be yes. The internet has drawn the world closer together, realized countless incredible dreams, and provided modern people with many conveniences and a brilliant life.Today, many people simply feel they cannot live without the Intern

21、et. Governments publish their latest policies and decisions online for worldwide recognition. Political campaigns are often done online to gain wider public support. Companies and enterprises resort to the Internet for more business opportunities and potential customers home and abroad. Universities

22、 and researchers turn to the Internet if theyd seek international cooperation or funding. Common folks like us also rely on the cyber world in various ways, for communication, entertainment, banking and shopping.The power of the Internet is all pervasive and its many negative effects are already vis

23、ible. For example, Internet addicts tend to withdraw to their own fantasy world rather than communicate with a real person. Children are exposed to online pornography and violence. Internet frauds are an everyday occurrence. In view of all this, you are advised to use the Internet with wisdom. Keep

24、it at a safe distance and never lose yourself.第一段思路點(diǎn)評(píng)：綜述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們生活帶來的多彩和便捷。第一句用if引導(dǎo)的條件句引出“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”話題，第二句概述網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶給多彩和便捷的生活。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示：has drawn, realized, and provided此為謂語(yǔ)連動(dòng)式的運(yùn)用。第二段思路點(diǎn)評(píng)：詳述網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活的緊密關(guān)系，先總述，后分述。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示：resort to借助、訴諸、求助于第三段思路點(diǎn)評(píng)：先陳述人們對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴，再談對(duì)此的看法。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示：(1)negative effects副作用、反面作用(2)addicts成癮者、依戀者(3)fan

25、tasy world虛擬世界、虛幻世界(4)pornography色情表演、色情作品(5)fraud欺騙、詐騙5.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Water Shortage. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1 水資源短缺已成為嚴(yán)重問題2 造成水資源短缺的原因3 提出解決方案【范文】On

26、 Water ShortageNo one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected peoples daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of fa

27、ctors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, 

28、the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. Whats worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulati

29、ons be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示】No one can have failed to notice the fact that 雙重否定句，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。hindered the development of the

30、global economy.阻礙全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。account for 解釋，說明whats worse 更糟糕的是In view of the seriousness of the problem 鑒于這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性6.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is failure a bad thing? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given b

31、elow in Chinese:1.失敗是生活中的常事。2.人們對(duì)失敗的態(tài)度各不相同。3.就我而言，我認(rèn)為失敗【范文】 Is Failure a Bad Thing?Failure is quite a common thing for our life can never be smooth sailing. As long as we do things we will surely encounter difficulties and setbacks. Of course we should try our best to get ov

32、er them，but in many cases， it is not so easy，or even impossible. Then how should we face failure？Different people take different attitudes towards failure. When faced with failure，some people become frustrated and lose their self-confidence. They refuse to make any further efforts. These people

33、 will probably never amount to anything in life. Some people just don't fear failure. They firmly believe that failure is the mother of success. As a result，not only can failure stop them， but they draw lessons from it and try even harder. Such people are sure to succeed someday.As for me，I don&

34、#39;t think failure is a bad thing. Failure can never discourage me but only enrich my experience and steel my will. With this positive attitude in mind， I will work hard and attain success in the end.【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示】in many cases 在很多情況下amount to達(dá)到，取得【行文思路】本文按題目所給綱要分為三段。首段簡(jiǎn)要地論述了失敗是每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到的，末句用了一句設(shè)問，起到了承上啟下的作

35、用。第二段談到了人們對(duì)失敗的兩種典型態(tài)度，先寫錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鋪墊，而后再寫正確觀點(diǎn)。這種安排自然突出了作者所贊同的態(tài)度，同時(shí)為引出第三段做好的了準(zhǔn)備。末段作者則闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。三、敘議文 (2篇)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Food Poisoning Accident. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (give

36、n in Chinese) below:你的幾個(gè)同學(xué)因食用了從某超市買回的食品而中毒，幸虧及時(shí)治療而脫險(xiǎn)。請(qǐng)描述他(們)中毒與脫險(xiǎn)的過程，并呼吁要加強(qiáng)食品安全?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】本題屬于情景式命題。提綱要求描述一件事情的經(jīng)過，根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含如下內(nèi)容：交待食物中毒的背景和原因;敘述中毒的和脫險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)過;談?wù)動(dòng)纱艘l(fā)的感想，呼吁加強(qiáng)食品安全?！痉段摹緼 Food Poisoning AccidentLast month, I 1witnessed a food poisoning accident 2happening to my classmates. At that time the sit

37、uation was really very dangerous and urgent. Though finally they got out of danger, this accident 3is still vivid in my mind.That day was Julies birthday, one of my classmates. In order to celebrate it, her roommates bought a big birthday cake for her from a supermarket nearby. They shared the cake

38、happily. 4However, after a while, all of them felt abdominal pain, nausea and dizziness. Two of them even cannot stand up because of great pain. We 5rushed to send them to the hospital. 6It turned out that the cake they ate had expired its guarantee period. Futunately, 7due to timely treatment, they

39、 all recovered very soon.4However, this accident 8leaves me a deep ponder. I think it is very urgent to take effective measures to improve food safety. 4Firstly, the government should 9strengthen supervision and administration on food safety. 4More importantly, to those who immoral businessmen, more

40、 strict punishment should be given. 4Besides, we consumers should be more careful in buying food. 10Only in this way can we make sure that no same accident happens.【亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1“目睹，目擊”。2“發(fā)生在某人身上”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。3“仍然令我記憶猶新”。4過渡銜接詞語(yǔ)，使文章條理清晰、銜接緊密。5“聞?dòng)嵹s來”。6“結(jié)果是，原來是”。7“由于及時(shí)的治療”。8“留給我深深的思考”。9“加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管”。10“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，引

41、起句子部分倒裝。2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of  Immoral Behavior in Public. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1.我們經(jīng)常在公共場(chǎng)合見到各種不道德的行為，敘述你的一次相關(guān)經(jīng)歷。2.這些不文明行為會(huì)有哪些影響。3.我們應(yīng)該怎樣改善這種現(xiàn)象?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】這是一篇議論文，可以根據(jù)作文要求列出提綱：第一

42、部分，列舉不文明行為并敘述一次相關(guān)經(jīng)歷；第二部分，不文明行為的影響，一兩個(gè)即可；第三部分，提出建議?！痉段摹縄mmoral Behavior in PublicTo witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to ge

43、t a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line. Immoral behaviors in public initiate a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other peoples rightsand

44、feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day. The reform of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation  and cost effectiveness , I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously

45、 punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.We all expect “A World without Thieves". Everyone shares the huge responsibility of demonstrating his or her justice at the proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious soc

46、ialist society. 第一段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 作文要求第一點(diǎn)，相關(guān)經(jīng)歷語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1.immoral behavior in public：直接點(diǎn)題第二段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 不文明行為的影響語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1.immoral behavior in public：重復(fù)名詞詞組，與第一段銜接2.initiate：意思是“產(chǎn)生，發(fā)動(dòng)”3.sense of social responsibility：意思是“社會(huì)責(zé)任感”第三段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 如何改善這些現(xiàn)象語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1.this phenomenon：指代前文“immoral behavior in public”，與上文銜接，且避免重復(fù)2.implementation

47、：意為“執(zhí)行，實(shí)施”3.cost effectiveness：意為“成本效率”mon good：意為“公益”第四段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 總結(jié)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1share a huge responsibility: 意為“承擔(dān)重大責(zé)任”2.demonstrate：意為“展現(xiàn)”四、應(yīng)用文 （6篇）1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Letter of Apology. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in C

48、hinese:  1. 表達(dá)自己對(duì)晚交論文一事的歉意。2. 說明未能按時(shí)交論文的原因。3. 表示自己將盡快把論文補(bǔ)交上并表示以后將按時(shí)交作業(yè)?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】這是一封道歉信，寫的時(shí)候要遵循道歉信的一般模式：開篇直奔主題，然后說明原因，最后提出可能的補(bǔ)救措施。第一段，對(duì)晚交論文及對(duì)此造成的后果表示歉意；第二段，說明理由（可信的理由，而不是隨便應(yīng)付老師的借口）；第三段，表示盡快完成論文?！痉段摹緼 Letter of ApologyDear Mr. Wang,I am writing to apologize for my late homework. The paper which you

49、 have assigned to us last Monday was due this Friday, but to my regret, I havent even started it yet. I feel really sorry for not handing in the paper on time and for the inconvenience it would bring to you.I have caught a serious cold last week and the doctor asked me to stay in bed for a week sinc

50、e I was very weak and the weather was very cold these days. Therefore, I couldnt go to the library to get the necessary referential information which was needed for my paper. As a result of this, I have not started writing the paper yet and could not hand it in on time.Fortunately I have finally ful

51、ly recovered. I will finish the paper as soon as I can and try my best to hand in homework on time in the future.                               &

52、#160;                                Sincerely yours,               &#

53、160;                                                 &#

54、160;  Li Ming第一段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 表明歉意語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1.I am writing to apologize (say sorry) for :道歉信的常用開頭句式2.assign: 分配，指定，布置3.due；到期的，預(yù)期的4.Im sorry for the inconvenience it would bring to you: 另一句常用句式第二段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 解釋原因，理由還是要充分的好。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示1.referential: 用作參考的第三段思路點(diǎn)評(píng) 表明盡快完成論文，并表示以后會(huì)按時(shí)交論文語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提示try my best to. in the future: 道歉信常

55、用結(jié)尾2. Directions: Write a letter of complaint according to the following situation: You bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliance and had it installed the other day, but you found that the fan made too much noise when the machine operated. You demand the store to send a representative to check

56、 it up.You should write at least 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,Im writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company.

57、Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite. On April 4, 2007, I bought the air conditioner (serial number 12345) from one of your chain store located in Lang Fang. The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made

58、so much noise that I could not sleep well at night. Worse still, the cooling system didnt work well and the machine began to leak recently. Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products.I strongly suggest that a repairman or a service engineer should be sent to

59、my home without delay. I wonder if you could pinpoint the exact cause of the malfunction as soon as possible. If you cant, I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner.I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of