1、數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告二數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)二一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模? 、掌握路由器和三層交換機(jī)的靜態(tài)路由配置2 、掌握路由器和三層交換機(jī)的動態(tài)路由協(xié)議ospf配置3 、掌握路由器和三層交換機(jī)的動態(tài)路由協(xié)議rip配置4 、掌握路由器和三層交換機(jī)完成VLAN的單臂路由配置二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求：根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的任務(wù)要求，參考實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)材料，完成實(shí)驗(yàn)。輸入操作命令，觀察輸出結(jié)果，詳細(xì)記錄每個步驟的操作結(jié)果；三、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：1 、靜態(tài)路由及缺省路由靜態(tài)路由：靜態(tài)路由需要人為定義路由配置信息，并且是雙向的，如上圖還需要在對方的路由器上配置一條相反的路由，這樣才能將網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由信息加入路由表保證路由信息的正確性。缺省路由：缺省路由

2、用來訪問“未知的”目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。2 、動態(tài)路由協(xié)議ospf和rip路由協(xié)議是運(yùn)行在路由器上的軟件進(jìn)程，與其他路由器上相同路由協(xié)議之間交換路由信息，學(xué)習(xí)非直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由信息，加入路由表。并且在網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)變化時自動調(diào)整，維護(hù)正確的路由信息。RIP(RoutingInformationProtocol)即路由信息協(xié)議是最早的基于距離矢量算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的動態(tài)路由協(xié)議，使用UDP報(bào)文來交換路由信息，以跳數(shù)多少選擇最優(yōu)路由不支持vlsm網(wǎng)絡(luò)。OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)即開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先協(xié)議，是一個內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議，用于單一自治系統(tǒng)內(nèi)決策路由。與RIP相比，OSPF是鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議，而R

3、IP是距離矢量路由協(xié)議。3 、VLAN的單臂路由設(shè)置方式是在路由器單個物理接口配置多個子接口，做802.1Q封裝，不同子接口配置不同VLAN的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)IP地址，交換機(jī)上的端口設(shè)置為802.1Qtrunk。其特點(diǎn)是只需要一個路由器物理接口，成本低可擴(kuò)展性好，需要路由器支持trunk封裝。4、路由表的構(gòu)成172.16.8.0255.255.255.01.1.1.1fei_0/1.1static11、靜態(tài)路由配置實(shí)驗(yàn)一一目的邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或子網(wǎng)地址一一目的邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或子網(wǎng)地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼一一下一跳邏輯地址一一學(xué)習(xí)到這條路由的接口和數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)接口路由器學(xué)習(xí)到這條路由的方式一一路由優(yōu)先級一一Metric值

4、四、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容及結(jié)果記錄分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洌簩?shí)驗(yàn)步驟：1800:#conft(config)#intfei_0/1(config-if)#ipaddress172.1.1.144255.255.255.0(config-if)#exit(config)#intfei_0/2(config-if)#ipaddress172.1.3.2255.255.255.0(config)#iproute172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1;設(shè)置IP地址；靜態(tài)路由配置3928:#conft(config)#vlan10(config-vlan#switchportpvidfei_1/12(c

5、onfig-vlan#exit(config)#intvlan10(config-if)#ipaddress172.1.2.144255.255.255.0(config-if#exit(config)#vlan20(config-vlan#switchportpvidfei_1/24(config-vlan#exit(config)#intvlan20(config-if)#ipaddress172.1.3.1255.255.255.0(config-if)#exit；設(shè)置IP地址(config)#iproute172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2;靜態(tài)路由配置(1

6、)測試電腦A、B是否聯(lián)通并使用showiproute查看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條目，說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：3928：IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2vlan20static10172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.2.144vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vl

7、an20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan20address001800DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1 fei_0/2static10172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct00172.1.3.2

8、255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2address00參數(shù)含義：Dest目的邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或子網(wǎng)地址Mask目的邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或子網(wǎng)地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼Gw下一跳邏輯地址，網(wǎng)關(guān)Interface學(xué)習(xí)到這條路由的接口和數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)接口Owner路由器學(xué)習(xí)到這條路由的方式其中direct表示是直連路由Address表示是端口的IP地址Static表示是設(shè)置的靜態(tài)路由測試AB可以聯(lián)通，觀察可知該路由路徑與拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖相同。(2)在路由器和交換機(jī)用noiproute將配置的靜態(tài)路由刪去，用默認(rèn)路由來實(shí)現(xiàn)上述通信配置過程。使用showiproute查看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條

9、目，說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：3928:IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric0.0.0.00.0.0.0172.1.3.2vlan20static10172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2 44vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vlan20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan20addr

10、ess01800DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric0.0.0.00.0.0.0172.1.3.1fei_0/2static10172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct00172.1.3.2255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2address00測試AB可以聯(lián)通。2、OSPF協(xié)議配置實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?/p>

11、：同上實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：用noiproute命令將靜態(tài)路由都刪去，用ospf協(xié)議生成路由1800:(config)#routerospf10(config)#network172.1.3.00.0.0.255area0(config)#network172.1.1.00.0.0.255area03928:(config)#routerospf10(config)#network172.1.3.00.0.0.255area0(config)#network172.1.2.00.0.0.255area0(1)測試電腦A、B是否聯(lián)通并使用showiproute查看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條目，

12、說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：3928：IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2vlan20ospf1102172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.2.144vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vlan20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan2

13、0address001800：IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1fei_0/2ospf1102172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct00172.1.3.2255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2ad

14、dress00測試AB可以聯(lián)通。(2)在1800和3928上用nonetwork命令分別將172.1.1.0、172.1.2.0兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的ospf宣告刪除(最后一條指令)。測試測試電腦A、B是否聯(lián)通并使用showiproute查看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條目，說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：3928:IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.2.144vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10

15、address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vlan20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan20address01800：Pv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct

16、00172.1.3.2255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2address00AB無法聯(lián)通，因?yàn)橛陕酚杀砜梢钥闯鲋挥兄边B路由和端口IP的信息，沒有跨交換機(jī)的路由條目。(3)在1800和3928上加入redistributeconnected命令，測試測試電腦A、B是否聯(lián)通，察看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條目，說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2vlan20ospf11020172.1.2.0255.

17、255.255.0172.1.2.144vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vlan20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan20address001800:Pv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.

18、255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1fei_0/2ospf11020172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct00172.1.3.2255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2address00可見在加入redistributeconnected命令后自動配置了OSPF,所以AB可以聯(lián)通。3、RIP協(xié)議配置實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洌和蠈?shí)驗(yàn)步驟：用no命令將ospf都刪去，(或者將機(jī)器(1800、3928)重啟，并重新配置接口IP)1800:(con

19、fig)#routerrip(config)#network172.1.3.00.0.0.255(config)#network172.1.1.00.0.0.255(config)#noauto-summ3928:(config)#routerrip(config)#network172.1.3.00.0.0.255(config)#network172.1.2.00.0.0.255(config)#noauto-summ測試電腦A、B是否聯(lián)通并使用showiproute查看路由表，找出主機(jī)A向B主機(jī)通信所需路由條目，說明各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析:IPv4RoutingTable:Des

20、tMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2vlan20rip1202172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.2.144vlan10direct00172.1.2.144255.255.255.255172.1.2.144vlan10address00172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1vlan20direct00172.1.3.1255.255.255.255172.1.3.1vlan20address001800Pv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInte

21、rfaceOwnerprimetric172.1.1.0255.255.255.0172.1.1.144fei_0/1direct00172.1.1.144255.255.255.255172.1.1.144fei_0/1address00172.1.2.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.1fei_0/2rip1202172.1.3.0255.255.255.0172.1.3.2fei_0/2direct00172.1.3.2255.255.255.255172.1.3.2fei_0/2address00AB可以聯(lián)通。4、單臂路由網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洌?1)實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：(1)清空前面實(shí)驗(yàn)的配置(可

22、重啟路由器、交換機(jī)或用no命令)按如上所示(1)圖連接，并進(jìn)行下列配置。3929:#conft(config)#vlan10(config)#switchportpvidfei_1/10(config)#switchportpvidfei_1/11(config)#vlan20(config)#switchportpvidfei_1/20(config)#switchportpvidfei_1/201800:(config)#intfei_0/1(config)#ipaddr172.0.2.1255.255.255.0(config)#intfei_0/2(config)#ipaddr172.

23、0.1.1255.255.255.0完成上述配置，實(shí)驗(yàn)電腦A、B是否可Ping通，查看接口情況及路由表。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析：IPv4RoutingTable:DestMaskGwInterfaceOwnerprimetric172.0.1.0255.255.255.0172.0.1.1fei_0/2direct00172.0.1.1255.255.255.255172.0.1.1fei_0/2address00172.0.2.0255.255.255.0172.0.2.1fei_0/1direct00172.0.2.1255.255.255.255172.0.2.1fei_0/1address00AB可以ping通，路由表上顯示了直連路由信息，因?yàn)関lan10內(nèi)部access端口和vlan20的內(nèi)部access端口是可以轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)的，相當(dāng)于聯(lián)通，即A通過vlan1