1、Lesson 51.miserable: a. 悲慘的,可憐的同義詞: unhappy, wretched 反義詞: comfortable派生詞: misery: n. 痛苦,苦難 miserably: ad.后綴-able構(gòu)成形容詞,表示“具有.的”；“能.的”,例如：eatable 可食用的 drinkable 可飲用的reasonable 通情達(dá)理的sensible 可感覺(jué)的 2.merry a. 愉快的 同義詞：happy, cheerful習(xí)慣用于：Merry Christmas!3.pony: 小馬（歸類(lèi)記憶法）horse: mare 母馬donkey 驢子stalli

2、on 公馬 mule 騾子pony 小馬Christmas was coming,這句用的是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，但表達(dá)的是將來(lái)時(shí)間，意思是“圣誕節(jié)快到了?！眊o, come,leave, land(著陸),take off(起飛)，start, arrive等詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如: The plane is taking off in five minutes.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.make sure: act so as to make something certain 確保；查明如:Father makes sure that all ligh

3、ts are off before he goes to bed.父母睡覺(jué)前都要檢查是否所有的燈都關(guān)了。Make sure that you haven't forgotten to pack everything you're likely to need.I think the party begins at 6:00, but I'll phone to make sure （確認(rèn)).He looked behind him to make sure that he was not being followed.比較 be sure to do sth./that

4、: be certain to do sth./thatBe sure to wait to me as soon as you get there.你一到那里就一定給我寫(xiě)信。Be sure that you give the order for bread to the baker.你一定要把面包訂單交給面包師。Nothing but : only; nothing except 除了.什么也沒(méi)有如:They could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.Nothing but a miracle(奇跡)can save him.Amy

5、 used to drink nothing but coffee.She is concerned about nothing but money. 她只關(guān)心錢(qián)。I could do nothing but standing there waiting.除了站在那兒等，我什么都不能干。I did want boots, but I stuck to the pony. 句中的did (do加動(dòng)詞原形表示強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣,“確實(shí)想要”。）stick to : refuse to give up or change 堅(jiān)持（意見(jiàn)，看法，主張）,不放棄如：stick to ones promise/plan

6、sI'll stick to this task until it is completed.This fellow never sticks to anything for very long.They decided to stick to their previous plan.他們決定堅(jiān)持原先的計(jì)劃。If you stick to the truth, you have nothing to fear.如果你堅(jiān)持真理，你就沒(méi)什么可害怕的。Tom always sticks to his boss no matter what happens.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事情，湯姆始終對(duì)老板忠心

7、耿耿。"stick to"與“insist on”, “hold on” 比較insist on something/doing something : firmly ask to do something and refuse to give in 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)決要求He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己無(wú)罪。I insist on your taking immediate action to put things right.I insist that you take immediate action to put things

8、right.我堅(jiān)持要求你立即采取行動(dòng)把事情處理好。hold on: 堅(jiān)持下去，堅(jiān)持?。ú患拔飫?dòng)詞，不能接賓語(yǔ)）They managed to hold on until help arrived.他們?cè)O(shè)法堅(jiān)持住，直到救援到來(lái)。I don't think I can hold on much longer.我覺(jué)得自己堅(jiān)持不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。There ought to be something to fill your stocking with, 句中的to fillwith 部分是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾something,因?yàn)樵摬欢ㄊ脚c前面 的名詞呈動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，介詞 with不能省略。 如：

9、There is nothing for us to worry about.He is a good colleague to work with.They do hope they can find some experienced teachers to rely on for help.Give us something to open the can with. 給我開(kāi)罐頭的東西。It's a boring place to live in. 住在這兒令人討厭。ought to: 應(yīng)該，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示責(zé)任和勸告，有時(shí)可用should替換，但比should語(yǔ)氣重些。You ou

10、ght to do as you are told. 要你干什么你就干什么。Such things ought not to be allowed. 不應(yīng)該允許做這樣的事情。candy 美國(guó)用法 sweet 英國(guó)用法Santa Claus can't put a pony into a stocking . 在西方過(guò)圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，大人告訴孩子們圣誕老人會(huì)帶來(lái)他們想要的禮物。圣誕節(jié)前夕，圣誕老人（SantaClause)從煙囪里爬下來(lái)，把禮物放進(jìn)掛在孩子床邊的長(zhǎng)筒襪里。故文章的下文提到了he couldn't lead a pony down the chimney either.有

11、關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣學(xué)生可以閱讀課后練習(xí)Reading Activity中的文章 An English Christmas.Father Christmas 是英國(guó)用法eve: n. 前夕，前夜 New Year's Eve 除夕Christmas Eve 圣誕節(jié)前夜It hung limplimp在句中是形容詞，做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，描述的是it (襪子)的狀態(tài)，“soft,軟的，松沓的”。類(lèi)似的表達(dá)方式有：She stood there, calm and quiet.The valley(山谷)lay peaceful in the sun.The sun rises red.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了

12、，火紅的。The young man sat silent in the corner.那年輕人坐在角落里，一言不發(fā)。limp: adj. 軟的，柔軟的vi. 跛行 同義詞：lame, cripplehang up: place on a hook or hanger(掛鉤)There are some hangers in the closet on which to hang up your clothes.壁櫥里有一些衣架可以?huà)炷愕囊路?。We hung up a map of the world in our study.我們?cè)跁?shū)房里掛了一張世界地圖。fireplace: n. 壁爐 （

13、復(fù)合名詞）類(lèi)似與fire有關(guān)的復(fù)合名詞：firearm 槍械, firework 焰火, fire-alarm 火警,fireman 消防隊(duì)員, firewood 木柴mixed-up: a. 混合的，混雜的由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)mix up構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。類(lèi)似的有：grown-up: a. 成熟的，成年人的broken-down: a. 壞的My sisters had knelt down, each by her pile of gift 句中逗號(hào)后面的部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。till they looked up and saw me standing there lo

14、oking so miserable. 句中的standing there 是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，looking so miserable 是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾standing there。kneel: v. 跪下 同義詞：get down on the knees詞形相似：knee n. 膝蓋習(xí)慣搭配：kneel down 跪下She went into the church, knelt down and began to pray.她進(jìn)了教堂，跪下來(lái)開(kāi)始禱告。That helped some."that" 指前面提到的crying。some 在這里不是代詞，是

15、副詞，相當(dāng)于somewhat,“多少有些，有點(diǎn)”。這句話(huà)的意思是：那起了點(diǎn)作用。如：The medicine helped some.I'm feeling some better today.我感覺(jué)好了些。indignant: a. 憤怒的同義詞：angry,furiousbe indignant with somebody 對(duì)某人感到憤慨be indignant at/about/over something 對(duì)某事感到憤慨She became more and more indignant with them over their conduct.她對(duì)他們的所作所為越來(lái)越憤慨。R

16、esidents in the area are indignant about the high rents.該地的居民對(duì)于高昂的租金表示氣憤。He was indignant at being unfairly dismissed.他被不公平地解雇了，對(duì)此他很氣憤。1. .the crying over, I ached.句中逗號(hào)前面的部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。stable: n.馬廄 歸類(lèi)barn: 牲口棚 pigsty: 豬圈hen house:雞舍adj. 穩(wěn)定的同義詞：steady反義詞：unstablea stable government 穩(wěn)定的政府 a stable c

17、haracter 堅(jiān)定的性格weep: v. 哭泣，流淚 同義詞：cryweep for/over 為.而流淚，為.哀傷weep for joy 喜極而泣The mother wept over the death of her child.這位母親為孩子之死而哭泣。She is always weeping over her lost youth.她總是為自己青春而逝而去哀傷。cry, weep, sob 辨析：cry: 哭，一般用語(yǔ)，多指發(fā)出聲音的哭。I heard a baby cry at the next door last night.weep: 哭泣，指無(wú)聲地流淚The sigh

18、t made me want to weep.sob: 啜泣，抽泣，多指小聲的哭或嗚咽There is a little girl sobbing in the corner.I was wronged, I was hurt.兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，hurt是過(guò)去分詞。wrong: vt. treat unfairly， do wrong to 委屈，冤枉a. 錯(cuò)誤的，有毛病的n. 壞事，錯(cuò)誤如：She forgave(寬恕)those who had wronged her.她原諒了那些曾不公正地對(duì)待她的人。She has wronged no man by word or deed in

19、 all her life.她一生為人公正，言行沒(méi)有使任何人受到委屈。習(xí)慣表達(dá)：（1）in the wrong 錯(cuò)了，理虧Which of the two drivers was in the wrong? 兩個(gè)司機(jī)中，哪一個(gè)還負(fù)責(zé)？（2）sth. is wrong with . 出毛病（故障）What is wrong with your watch? 你的表出了什么故障？（3）go wrong 出錯(cuò)，不對(duì)勁After five years， their marriage suddenly went wrong.五年后，他們的婚姻突然破裂了。He was watching me or som

20、ething for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him句中從drawing到him部分是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其中l(wèi)est到him部分又是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。lest的意思是“唯恐”。so little lest相當(dāng)于so little thatnot,lest后面的從句謂語(yǔ)用“（should +）動(dòng)詞原形”形式的虛似語(yǔ)氣。Lest: for fear that 唯恐；引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形如：The children kept quiet lest they (should

21、) wake up their mother.He always does whatever she tells him to do lest she (should) be angry.I wrote down the date of her birthday lest I (should) forget it.我把她的生日記下來(lái)，免得忘了。He ran away lest he should be seen.他逃跑了，唯恐有人看見(jiàn)他。or something : or something similar 諸如此類(lèi)。該詞組用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者表明自己對(duì)所說(shuō)的話(huà)沒(méi)有多大把握。 如：His fathe

22、r is a well-known artist or something.Are you sick or something?I think he left because he had lost his job or something .我認(rèn)為他離開(kāi)了是因?yàn)閬G了工作或類(lèi)似的原因。Her name is Mary or Margaret or something.她叫瑪麗或者叫瑪格麗特什么的。impatience: n. 不耐煩，急躁patience: n. 耐心，忍耐impatient: a. 急躁的 patient: a. 耐心的 n. 病人前綴im-加在以p, m, b開(kāi)頭的詞前面，

23、表示“否定”。如：impolite: a. 不禮貌的 impossible: a. 不可能的immoral: a. 不道德的 impure: a. 不純的，摻假的impatient （a.）的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：be impatient for something/to do something 急不可耐地做I'm impatient to see our new boss.The boy was impatient for the result of his examination.be impatient of 不能忍受的Mother was impatient of bad manners

24、.I caught sight of a man riding a pony down the street, a pony and a brand-new saddle; the most beautiful saddle I ever saw 句中riding到street部分是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，I ever saw 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的saddle.catch sight of : see (especially suddenly or briefly)如：I turned round and caught sight of Helen getting into a taxi.

25、As we drove by the harbor(港口)，we caught sight of a large steamship（輪船）。brand-new :(名詞+形容詞)completely and unused 嶄新的；如：a brand-new machine/car.類(lèi)似方法構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞：carefree 無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的，lifelong 終生的，snow-white 白雪的，worldwide全球的For such a horse as that I would have given anything.該句的正常句序應(yīng)該是：I would have given anythin

26、g for such a horse as that.句子用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。介詞for相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，表示隱含虛擬條件，以前還學(xué)有with, without等。It would be foolish for you to behave like this.We would never have reached the shore without that boat.such.as: of the same kind 像.一樣的，如：This shop sells such things as coffee beans and biscuits.Such people as him

27、 shouldnt be allowed in.draw near: come near 臨近，接近Winter is drawing near.Night drew near.as my hopes-my impossible hopes-rose, he looked at our door and passed by句中的as 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，“正當(dāng)時(shí)候”，如：She wept bitterly as she told her story.Write it down as an idea strikes you.pass by: go past 經(jīng)過(guò)，過(guò)去；（時(shí)間的）流逝Time

28、seems to pass by so slowly when you are in school.Someone passing by asked me the way to the airport.break into: suddenly start (to cry, laugh, etc.) 突然.起來(lái)break into tears (laughter, cheers, rage, etc.)The audience broke into applause.比較：break into: enter by force; interrupt闖入；打斷The thieves planned

29、to break into a bank.He broke suddenly into our talk.Say, kid , it said, do you know a boy named Lennie Steffens?句中的say不是表示“說(shuō)”的意思，而是打招呼的一種方式，相當(dāng)于“嘿”。 如：Say, do you have a match?Say, listen to me. I've been looking all over for you and your house.該句用的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，該時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)不斷。如：He has

30、 been waiting outside for three hours.Mr. Smith has been waiting outside for three hours.Mr. Smith has been planning to learn.We are tired for we have been working the whole day.all over: in every part; everywhere 到處I have traveled all over Europe many times in my life.Why don't you put your num

31、ber where it can be seen?句中從where到句末是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。He went on saying something about “ought to have got here at seven o'clock, but- 句中ought to 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，后面接了完成式。文章中還出現(xiàn)了另外兩個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成式情況：And my father must have been hurt, too, a little. 和A grown-up could hardly have stood it,均對(duì)過(guò)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事發(fā)表看法。ought to h

32、ave done something. 表示“應(yīng)該干某事”，而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有干，否定式oughtought not to have done something，表示“不該干某事”，而實(shí)際上卻干了。如：He ought to have seen a doctor about his headache two weeks ago.She was so unhappy. You ought not to have hurt her feelings.must have done something. 表示“某人肯定干了某事”。如：The house is dark. The Browns must

33、have gone to bed.The clothes must have been washed by Mary.could/can have done something. 表示“本來(lái)可以干某事”，實(shí)際上未干。如：Her husband could have helped her, but he did not choose to.I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?go on doing sth.: 不斷地繼續(xù)干某事go on to do sth.: 干完一件事之后繼續(xù)干另一件事He went on ta

34、lking even though no one was listening.After the class meeting she went on to tell us her study and life abroad.There was the family, father, mother, sisters, all working for me, all happy.該句是個(gè)倒裝句，正常的句序是The family was there, 其中all working for me, all happy是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)；thrill: vt. excite, 使.興奮，激動(dòng)n.

35、令人激動(dòng)的事thriller: n. 使毛骨悚然的人、事物，恐怖小說(shuō)trot: vi. （馬）小跑；（人）快步跑They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: everything.句子的賓語(yǔ)部分the tools of my new business: 過(guò)長(zhǎng)，被置后，正常的句序是They had been putting the tools of my new business: everything in place. put in place: putin the right place 把放在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。in p

36、lace: in the right place; suitable 在合適的位置；適當(dāng)?shù)膐ut of place: 不適當(dāng)?shù)模粬|西放置不當(dāng)?shù)膇n one's place: instead of somebody 替代As soon as all the chairs are in place, we can let the audience in.I think an expression of thanks to our host would be in place.The boss was busy so his secretary went in his place.But t

37、hat Christmas, which my father had planned so carefully, was it the best or the worst I ever knew?句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)是從which到carefully，是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)是I ever knew,是限定性定語(yǔ)從句。It covered the whole distance from broken-hearted misery to bursting happiness-too fast.cover在句中是“travel”的意思。如：By sunset, we had covered 3

38、0 miles.可以把該句看成一個(gè)比喻句，它把人的感情從極度的悲哀到極度的快樂(lè)比喻為一個(gè)完整的歷程，作者這一天經(jīng)歷了這整個(gè)的感情歷程。該句的譯文可以是：在這一天里，先是令人心碎的痛若，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一個(gè)極端跳到另一個(gè)極端變換得實(shí)在太快了。練習(xí)答案A grown-up could hardly have stood it.stand 在這里是“bear，put up with,忍受”的意思。如：I can't stand the man.She can't stand her friend being talked about that way. grown-up: a.

39、成年人的同義詞：mature n. 成年人同義詞：adult 這里是由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)grow up構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，可與本課單詞mixed-up一起記憶。 Review questions: 1. Do you think the boy a little too spoiled? Find the examples from the text? 2. What made the author think later that that Christmas was both the best and the worst he ever knew? Unit 5Key to Study & Pra

40、cticeVocabularyI.1.miserable  2.eve 3.indignant  4.weep, break into tears 5.rude  6.wrong(v.)7.anxiety 8.impatience 9.catch sight of 10.scarcelyII.1.break into 2.impatience 3.miserable 4.make sure 5.hung up 6.scarcely 7.weep    8.nothing but 9.lest  

41、 10.indignantIII.1.can scarcely wait 2.to stick to the promises3.one of misery for 4.There is much anxiety5.caught sight of an old fried of mine6.they have been wrongedWord BuildingIV.1.misery 2.truth 3.silence 4.anger 5.pride  6.honesty 7.probability 8.freedom 9.anxiety  fort 11

42、.impatience 12.safety   13.height 14.happiness  15.youthV.Age-old   carefree  color-blind duty-free grass-green  ice-cold knee-deep lifelong  nationwide paper-thin   seasick   skin-deep snow-white   worldwide1.snow-white 2.lifelon

43、g 3.color-blind4.nationwide/worldwide  5.carefree6.knee-deep  7.duty-free 8.seasickStructureVI.1.They did give up .2.Do be more careful.3.Do come and join us .4.The pen does write .5.I do hope .VII.1.ought to be 2.Ought, to take up, ought(to)3.ought to have seen 4.ought not to ha

44、ve hurt5.ought not to have been knocked down6.ought to have got7.ought to be 8.ought to be doneVIII.1.(Mary)could have bought an overcoat2.(We)couldnt have succeeded in the experiment within such a short period of time3.(You)could have made4.(I)could have lent you5.(Her husband) could have help

45、ed herIX.1.The clothes must have been washed by Mary.2.He must be at least thirty years old.3.Alice looked pale yesterday. She must have been ill.4.They must be tired.5.The examination must have been very difficult since none of the students passed.XI.1.go on living 2.went on to tell 3.went on

46、to show 4.went on workingClozeXII.(A)(1)nothing but (2)impatience (3)lest (4)miserable   (5)indignant   (6)wronged  (7)misery  (8)broke into  (9)anxiously  (10)caught sight of(B)(1)to (2)mine (3)going (4)ought(5)nothing/nobody (6)mind/decision (7)and  (8)

47、then(9)On (10)town (11)find/see (12)full(13)walked (14)before (15)to (16)the(17)returned (18)looking (19)when (20)at  (21)However (22)restaurants(23)for (24)feeling (25)which (26)before (27)where   (28)must(29)MerryTranslationXIII.1.Looking out of the window, Dr. smith caugh

48、t sight of a young man running towards his clinic.2.Amy used to drink nothing but coffee.3.Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had been injured in an accident.4.We havent seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill or something?5.The director of the research institut

49、e came in person to make sure that everything was all right.6.Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to/should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night.7.Say,you oughtnt to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble.8.It is

50、important for nurses to stick to this rule.Key to Reading PracticeExercise A1. things which make the branches more beautiful and brighter such as colored lights and glass balls裝飾品2.sleepy困倦3.a quick look一瞥4.move quietly, slowly or secretly躡手躡腳地5.farmyard birds such as chicken, turkey, duck and goose

51、家禽6.sweet food such as pies, puddings and ice cream甜食7.something rare, uncommon衡罕的東西8.a traveling show of trained wild animals, clever horseriding, etc.馬戲表演Key to Writing PracticePart I   At Christmas I get many presents, but one present I especially like to get is a book. I dont mind what

52、 kind of book it is .It can be a novel, a book of poems ,or a book of plays; I enjoy them all .I sometimes borrow books from the Public Library. We have a very good one in our town, and the librarian gives me advice about literature and helps me to find good books. I also buy books, particularly tho

53、se that I have read be fore and have enjoyed .I put them on my shelves so that I can read them time and again. I feel that these books are my friends.Part II   As Christmas drew near, I was filled with anxiety because I was hoping for a pony for my Christmas present. When my father offered

54、 me a choice of Christmas presents, I declared that I wanted nothing but a pony .On Christmas morning my happy sisters were opening the presents they found in their stockings bung by the fireplace .But mine was empty. So I began to weep .I was so hurt that my mother and sisters were very much concer

55、ned. My mother had some sharp words for my father who just looked worried and kept on looking out of the window ,Never had I been so miserable in my life.背景資料ChristmasChristmas Eve ( A Tale ) For the Young and the Young at Heart It was Christmas Eve and everyone in the Taylor household was asleep, t

56、hat is, all except Daniel. He couldn't sleep. Soon morning would arrive and time for presents to be opened. Daniel got out of bed and went downstairs.The house was full of Christmas Spirit. Even the TV screen was bordered with holly. Yep, this was his favorite time of the year. He had just finis

57、hed filling a glass of water when Mrs. Taylor stepped into the kitchen. "Daniel, what are you doing up?" she whispered. "Just getting a glass of water", he explained to the looming figure. "Couldn't sleep. Can we open the presents now"? "Oh, Daniel," she s

58、ighed. "It's only 2am. It's too early to be thinking of that yet. Why don't you head back to bed?" He looked at her and nodded his head. "Ok, I'll do it but I won't like it". She grabbed his hand and they walked back upstairs.He slid under the covers but sleep didn't come easy. He knew that there were wonderful things downstairs to be discovered. He tossed and turned. 2:30.3:00. "Will morning EVER come", he wondered. Finally at 5am he could stand it no more an