1、TOEFL詞匯題精選440題001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclifeasreformers,activistsworkingforwomensrighttovote,orauthors,andwerenotrepresentativeatallofthegreatofordinarywomen.Theword,representative,tisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002.IntheUni

2、tedStates,LouisComfortTiffany(1843-1933)wasthemostnotedexponentofthisstyle,producingagreatvarietyofglassformsandsurfaces,whichwerewidelycopiedintheirtimeandarehighlyprizedtoday.Thewordprizedisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved()03.TheArtNouveaustylewa

3、samajorforceinthedecorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsinfluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid-1920,s.ItwaseventuallytobeovertakenbyanewschoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathadbeenpresentsincetheturnofthecentury.Thewordovertakenisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expr

4、essed(D) applied004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbehavelikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlyacoupleofinchesperday.However,atintervalsof10to100years,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100timesfasterthanusual.Thewordintervalsisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)records(B)speeds(C) distances(D) pe

5、riods005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaciermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbetweeniceandrock,thusfreeingtheglacier,whichrapidlyslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbeinfluencedbytheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthquakes.Thewordfreeing,fisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) pushing(B)

6、 releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicewouldplungeintotheocean,causingsealevelstoriseevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreiceandsetinmotionaviciouscycle.Theword“plungeisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) drop(

7、B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleaderstogetthingsdone,Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroupsmembers.Thewordcollectiveisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) necessary(B) typical(C)group(D)particular008.Theyof

8、fersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Thewordresolve“isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) avoidrepeating(B) talkabout(C) avoidthinkingabout(D) findasolutionfor009.Thousands

9、oftonswereextractedbefore1875,whenitwasfirstnoticedthatthetarcontainedfossilremains.Majorexcavationswereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkablesite.Thewordnoticedisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)predicted(B)announced(C) corrected(D) observed010.Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,

10、1.5millionfromvertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,havebeenrecovered,oftenindenselyconcentratedtangledmasses.Theword“tangledisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) buriedbeneath(B) twistedtogether(C) quicklyformed(D) easilydatedOil.TheasphaltatLaBreaseepstothesurface,especiallyinthesummer,andfor

11、msshallowpuddlesthatwouldoftenhavebeenconcealedbyleavesanddust.Thewordconcealedisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated()12.Theoceanbottom-aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarth-isavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploreda

12、nduncharted,untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,600metersdeep.Thewordinaccessibleisclosestintneaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013.TheDSDPsdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainast

13、eadypositionontheocean*ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.Thewordextractingnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014.Today,largelyonthestrengthofevidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallengersvoyages,nearl

14、yallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonicsandcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.Thewordstrengthisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)basis(B)purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance015.ForeverythreeCanadiansin1945,therewereoverfivein1966.InSeptember1966Can

15、adaspopulationpassedthe20millionmark.Mostofthissurginggrowthcamefromnaturalincrease.Thewordsurgingisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016.Whentheprairieswerebeingsettled,undoubtedly,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe1950*ssupportedagrowthinthepopulation,but

16、theexpansionalsoderivedfromatrendtowardearliermarriagesandanincreaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies.Thewordtrendisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017.Afterthepeakyearof1957,thebirthrateinCanadabegantodecline.Itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966,itstoodatthelowestleve

17、lin25years.Thewordpeakisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018.AlthoughthegrowthinCanadaspopulationhadsloweddownby1966(theincreasethefirsthalfofthe1960*swasonlyninepercent),anotherlargepopulationwavewascomingoverthehorizon.Itwouldbecomposedofthechildrenwho

18、werebornduringtheperiodofthehighbirthratepriorto1957.Thephrasepriortoisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019.Advocatesoforganicfoods-atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly-frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.ThewordnAdvocatesf,iscl

19、osestinineaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrains,andthelike.Thew

20、ordunsubslantiated”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D)unverified021.Butinmanycasesconsumersaremislediftheybelieveorganicfoodscanmaintainhealthandprovidebetternutritionalqualitythanconventionallygrownfoods.Sothereisrealcauseforconcernifconsumers,partic

21、ularlythosewithlimitedincomes,distrusttheregularfoodsupplyandbuyonlyexpensiveorganicfoodsinstead.Thewordmaintain“isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore022.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactme

22、ntofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Thewordconsiderableisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusually

23、assumedthattask.Thewordenactmentisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024.StaggeringtasksconfrontedthepeopleoftheUnitedStates,NorthandSouth,whentheCivilWarended.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilian

24、life,andreabsorbedbythedevastatedeconomy.ThewordStaggeringisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife,andreabsorbedbythedevastatedeconomy.Theworddevastatedisclose

25、stinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Theworddemonstratedisclosestinmeaning

26、towhichoffollowing?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetens

27、ioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Thewordextend11isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleys

28、pulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepremodernera.Thewordvastisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) large(B) basic(C)new(D)urban029.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhat

29、wenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Thewordsparkedisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) broughtabout(B) surrounded(C) sentout(D) followed03().Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibiliti

30、esofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyearslotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.Thewordpotentialisclosestinineaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatis

31、evenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Thewordoutstandingisclosestintneaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzamden,suggestingthata

32、specificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Thewordsiteisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic()33.Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatched,andquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils

33、.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.Thephraseaccountfornisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,th

34、eclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Thewordsasupremacyinline9areclosestinmeaningto(A)asuggestion(B) animprovement(C) adominance(D) adevelopment035.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscon

35、tinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoaship

36、,percussivebrilliance.Theword,myriadnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazis1supremeachievements.Atleastadozenlargestoneh

37、ousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Thewordsupremenisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) mostcommon(B) mostoutstanding(C) mostexpensive(D) mostconvenient037.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttrib

38、alloretotheyoungergeneration.Thewordsettleisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate038.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesforascendingclifffaces.Thewordascendingisclosestinmean

39、ingtowhichoffollowing?(A) arrivingat(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Thewordsolemn,fisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) si

40、mple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.GriffithsfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Thewordcomposedisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) crea

41、tedThewordscoresnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musicalcompositions(D) groupsofmusiciansc041.TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocksthataresemimoltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.Thewordcomprisesnisclosestinme

42、aningtowhichoffollowing?(A) adaptsto(B) benefitsfrom(C) consistsof(D) focusesond042.TheseplatesmoveoverthesemimoltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographicalfeaturesoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Thewordint

43、enseisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surface(B)sudden(C) rare(D) extremea043.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth*scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptionsoflavaatmidoceanridges.Thewordmarginsisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) ed

44、ges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distancesd044.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents,ariftisformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythesea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmoveinoppositedirections.Thewordsupportisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(

45、A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) holdd045.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.Thewordappreciationnisclosestinmeaningtowhich

46、offollowing?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgivenessd046.AnalienexploringEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanetsdominant,most-distinctivefeature-theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Thewordbias”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing

47、?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047.TheprevailingwindsintheGreatBasinarefromthewest.Warm,moistairfromthePacificOceanisforcedupwardasitcrossestheSierraNevada.Thewordprevailingisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) mostfrequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) mostdangerous048.Therese

48、emtohavebeenseveralperiodswithinthelasttensofthousandsofyearswhenwateraccumulatedinthesebasins.TheriseandfallofthelakeswereundoubtedlylinkedtotheadvancesandretreatsofthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredmuchofthenorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentduringthosetimes.Thewordaccumulatedisclosestinmeaningtowhi

49、choffollowing?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated049.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewit

50、houteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?Thephrasebizarreisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) odd(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchast

51、entacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.Thephrasencastsoffnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) growsagain(B) grabs(C) getsridof(D) usesasaweapon051.Afolkcultureissm

52、all,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Thewordhomogeneousisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) uniform(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional052.Unalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinind

53、ustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.Thephraselargelyrenounces1isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) generallyrejects(B) greatl

54、ymodifies(C) loudlydeclares(D)oftencriticizes053.Secularinstitutions,ofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoneybasedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,popular1*maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfromfolk.Thewordprevailsisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowi

55、ng?(A) dominates(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests054.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstodiscernthesubtleatmosphericchangesthatprecedethesestor

56、ms.Theword“subtleisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight055.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycoinpileandanalyzingthislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Thewordncompilenisclosestinmeaningt

57、owhichoffollowing?(A) puttogether(B) lookup(C) pilehigh(D) workover056.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Thewordnrawisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed()57.PeopleintheUnitedStatesintheninetee