1、模3單元1詞組模3單元2單詞1. make up 虛構(gòu)，編造；構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)；化妝；和解 be made up of=consist of 由組成 Five people make up the team and the team is made up of five people. be made from由.制成（看不出原材料） be made of 由.制成（看得出原材料）be made into 被制成 Wine is made from grapes and grapes are made into wine.2. occupy vt.占（時(shí)間，空間，場(chǎng)所）；（軍隊(duì)）占領(lǐng) occupy

2、a lot of place be occupied with/in.= occupy oneself with/in.從事于.,忙于. occupation n.3. aside from. name after.4.contribute v. 捐助，捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致，促成 contribution n. make contributions to.5. office n. 辦公室，公司，事務(wù)所；官職，職務(wù) officer n. 軍官，警官 official n.官員，公務(wù)員 adj.官方的，正式的，公務(wù)上的 officially adv.正式地 official-looking ad

3、j. 貌似官方的6. control的用法見(jiàn)模2單元37. lead to = result in= contribute to 8. serve v.(1)為.服務(wù)（2）服刑，服役(3) 上（飯菜） serve tea 上茶 Are you being served? 你點(diǎn)過(guò)菜了嗎？ service n. servant n.9. 9.contribute v. 捐助，捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致，促成 contribution n. make contributions to.10. mother tongue = mother language 11. concern 的用法：1、 用作動(dòng)詞，

4、意為“與有關(guān)；涉及”。如：Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.別管與自己無(wú)關(guān)的事。2、 用作名詞。 意為“焦慮；擔(dān)心”。如：There is growing concern that they may have been killed. 越來(lái)越擔(dān)心他們可能已遭殺害。 意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)最關(guān)心或最感興趣的事”。如：Whats your main concerns as a writer? 身為作家，你對(duì)什么最感興趣？3、 常用搭配： concern oneself with / in / about sth. “忙于某事 / 關(guān)心某事 / 參與某事”

5、。如：She concerns herself with social welfare. 她從事社會(huì)福利工作。 as / so far as sb. / sth. be concerned“就某人 / 某物而言”。如：As far as Im concerned, I dont object to your decision. 就我（個(gè)人）而言，我不反對(duì)你的決定。 be concerned in / with sth. “與某物有牽連”。如：He was concerned with the crime. 他與那起罪案有關(guān)。 be concerned to do sth.“把做某事視為自己的事

6、情”。如：He is always concerned to help others.他總是把幫助別人看作是自己的事情。 show / express concern about / for “對(duì)表示關(guān)心、擔(dān)心”。如：She showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness. 她非常擔(dān)心她兒子的病情。 have a concern in / with. “與有利害關(guān)系”。如：I have no concern with that company.我與那家公司沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。 be concerned about. / that. “關(guān)心；擔(dān)心”

7、。如：Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我擔(dān)心他們可能迷路了。4、 同根詞： concerned形容詞，意為“有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的”。如：Concerned parents held a meeting. 憂(yōu)心忡忡的家長(zhǎng)們開(kāi)了一次會(huì)。 concerning介詞，意為“關(guān)于；有關(guān)”。如：Concerning his proposal, there are pros and cons. 關(guān)于他的提案，有贊成和反對(duì)兩種意見(jiàn)。12. ban sb from doing sth = forbid sb from doing sth= forbid sb to

8、do sth= prohibit sb from doing sth13. access要表示“對(duì)的使用（了解、接近、進(jìn)入等）”，其后習(xí)慣上接介詞to。如：Students need easy access to books. 學(xué)生需要方便地借閱圖書(shū)。Access to employees' records is restricted. 查看雇員檔案的權(quán)利是受到限制的。This is the sole means of access to the building. 這是進(jìn)入大樓唯一的方法。Only high officials had access to the president.

9、 只有高級(jí)官員才可以接近總統(tǒng)。 There is no access to the house from the main road. 從大路上沒(méi)有辦法進(jìn)入這所房子。Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident. 只有幾個(gè)人可以知道事件的全部真相。 I lived deep in the country, without easy access to shops. 我遠(yuǎn)居鄉(xiāng)村，到商店購(gòu)物十分不便。注意：形容詞accessible adj.(1)容易達(dá)到的、接近的，可使用的（2）易懂的14. race n. rac

10、ial adj.15. gentle adj. gently adv.16. embarrass vt. embarrassing adj. embarrassed adj. embarrassment n.17. conclude vt.下結(jié)論稱(chēng).;推斷出 v. 結(jié)束，使終止 to conclude 總之 n.結(jié)論，推論；結(jié)束 draw/reach/come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出結(jié)論 in conclusion 最后，總而言之18. mistake( mistaken, mistaken)19. differ的用法見(jiàn)模1單元1詞組部分20. appear

11、vi. appearance n. disappear vi.21. simple adj. simply adv. simplify vt.22. as a whole distinguish A from B 23. indicate vt. indication n.24. practise/practice doing sth practical adj.25. convenient adj. sth be convenient for/to sb 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)方便（主語(yǔ)不用人） It is convenient for sb to do sth convenience n. 66. I

12、t is convenient for sb to do sth .be convenient for/ to sb at ones convenience67. at night 68. be of practical use be +( great) + 抽象名詞= be +(very) +adj.68.關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的公式：陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型公式： It is /was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+句子剩余的部分一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型公式：Is /Was+ it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+ 句子剩余的部分？特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型公式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was +it+ that +句子剩余的部

13、分？賓語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型公式：主句+連接代詞或連接副詞+it +is/was +that句子剩余的部分注：被強(qiáng)調(diào)的一般是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)；如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時(shí)，可以用who/whom代替that。I saw Susan in the street yesterday.It was Susan that (who) I saw in the street yesterday.It was in the street that I saw Susan yesterday.It was yesterday that I saw Susan in the stree

14、t.Is it was Susan that (who) you saw in the street yesterday ?Is it was in the street that you saw Susan yesterday?Is it was yesterday that you saw Susan in the street?Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday?Where was it that you saw Susan yesterday?When was it that you saw Susan in the stre

15、et?Can you tell me who it was that you saw in the street yesterday?Can you tell me where it was that you saw Susan yesterday?Can you tell me when it was that you saw Susan in the street?判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法是“還原法”，既看其刪除It is /was that /who/whom后，能否還原成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。如：It was during the Second War that he died.還原后：

16、 He died during the Second War.(是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)最近幾年，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型常跟定語(yǔ)從句在一起考查，要注意辨別。(1) It is in QingDao ( which/that) you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of washing machine is produced.(2) It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang that they did the experiment.(3) -I cant find M Smiths

17、. When did you meet him this morning ? -It was in the hotel where he stayed ( that I met him this morning).(4) Is it the years when you worked in the factory that have a great effect on your literay works?69. I find it difficult to deal with this problem.= I find it is difficult to deal with this pr

18、oblem.70. despite= in spite of 連詞“雖然”，有although, though, while, as模3單元3單詞1.lecture n. give a lecture lecturer n.演講人，授課人1. find（found, found) v. 發(fā)現(xiàn) found （founded, founded) v.興建，創(chuàng)建2. take 短語(yǔ)見(jiàn)模 erupt vi. (火山等）爆發(fā) eruption n.3. pour vi. 涌流， 傾瀉 vt.倒出（液體） pour in/out 涌入/涌出 pour water for sb=pour sb water

19、5. fortunate adj. fortunately adv. unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 6. mud n. muddy adj. decorate vt. decoration n.7. flee(fled, fled) flee from responsibility flee from the burning house8. research n. Vt. do research on/into. researcher n.9. wealth n. wealthy adj. commercial adj. commercially ad

20、v.10. scholar n. 學(xué)者 scholarship n.獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 culture n. cultural adj. culturally adv.11. ruin用法見(jiàn)模 remain 用法見(jiàn)模12. material n. 材料；物質(zhì) raw materials 原材料 adj.物質(zhì)的 spiritual adj. 精神的13. explode vi.爆炸 explosion n. wood n. wooden adj.14. extreme adj. 極度的；極端的 extremely adv. express vt. expression n.15. complain vi.

21、抱怨 complaint n. solve vt. solution n.16. history n. historical adj.歷史的；與歷史研究有關(guān)的 historic adj. 歷史上著名的，有歷史意義的17. power n. powerful adj. educate vt. education n.18. in memory of. no doubt 無(wú)疑，確實(shí) There is no doubt that .19. stand in ones path glory n. 輝煌；榮耀，光榮 glorious adj.20. ahead of time =in advance g

22、o ahead 前進(jìn)；請(qǐng)吧，用吧21. philosophy n. philosopher n. psychology n. psychologist n.22. be/ become aware of. be/become aware that. make sb aware of./that.awareness n.23. salary，wage,pay,income這四個(gè)詞都可以表示“工資”，但其含義不同。 （1） salary是指非體力勞動(dòng)者所得到的“工資、薪水”，通常按月，有時(shí)按季或年計(jì)算How much salary does a teacher earn?（2）wage指簡(jiǎn)單勞動(dòng)或

23、體力勞動(dòng)者所得的“工資、工錢(qián)”，通常按周、日等短期計(jì)算發(fā)給常用復(fù)數(shù)形式； There are extra benefits for people on low wages. （3）pay指不論工作性質(zhì)如何，針對(duì)勞動(dòng)所支付的報(bào)酬，它包含salary和wage（s）（pay is paid for a job），為不可數(shù)名詞。 He doesnt like the job, but the pay is good.（4） income意思是“收入”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)途徑，只要是得到的錢(qián)都可以稱(chēng)為收入。如：Tourism is a major source of income for the area.24.

24、Come的短語(yǔ)come about 發(fā)生（經(jīng)常和how搭配） How did it come about? 那事是怎么發(fā)生的? come across 偶遇；碰到（某人） (= come upon) ，偶然看到找到發(fā)現(xiàn)了某東西。 We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages. 我們剛碰到了一位多年不見(jiàn)的老朋友。 come along To go somewhere with someone一起去，追隨；跟著來(lái) (= come on) Come along! 跟我來(lái)! come along! 賣(mài)力點(diǎn)！

25、Come along!; Come on now! 再加把勁!;快! come down with 患（小?。坏茫ㄐ〔。?come into being發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，形成 when did the world come into being？ come into fashion 開(kāi)始流行 come to 涉及；談及 When it comes to politics I know nothing. 談到政治，我一無(wú)所知。 come to oneself 恢復(fù)從容；恢復(fù)知覺(jué)，蘇醒 come up with 想出（計(jì)劃、回答）；作出（反應(yīng)）；產(chǎn)生 He couldn't come u

26、p with an answer. 他答不上來(lái)。 He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那時(shí)他想不出一個(gè)合適的答案。 come to realize.終于意識(shí)到.come true. 成為現(xiàn)實(shí)25. poison n. poisonous adj. 26. basis n. on the basis of. base.on.= be based on.27. corrupt vt.使腐化，使墮落 adj.貪污的，腐敗的 corruption n.28. court n.法院，法庭；球場(chǎng)；宮庭 t

27、ake sb to court 控告某人29. judge n.法官，裁判員 v. 判斷，判決，裁判 judge sb by his appearance 以貌取人 judging from/by.judg(e)ment n.判斷，裁判 ,審判30.announce v. /declare v. /claim v.announce的意思是“通知，宣布(結(jié)果，決定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，聲明”，比較正式，通常用于國(guó)家宣告獨(dú)立或宣戰(zhàn);claim意為“聲稱(chēng)，要求得到，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”，用于發(fā)表個(gè)人意見(jiàn), 索賠等例：She announced that the singer wou

28、ld give one extra song.她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. 中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關(guān)系的正?；?。They declared martial law in the mining communities他們宣布對(duì)礦區(qū)實(shí)行軍事管制。If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?請(qǐng)這部相機(jī)的失主前來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)。She c

29、laims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她聲稱(chēng)自己的鋼琴?gòu)椀门cThemelis一樣棒。 31.rise/raise/arise/arouse 的區(qū)別： 四個(gè)詞看起來(lái)很像，其實(shí)差別很大。 首先，rise, arise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，raise, arouse是及物動(dòng)詞 1.rise（rose, risen）vi. 上升，升起, 升高；上漲；（躺 坐或跪后）起立，起身；起床 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)自身移向較高位置，常用于日、月、云、霧、煙、蒸汽、河水、溫度、物價(jià)等，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1) The sun rose at seven oclock. 太陽(yáng)七點(diǎn)鐘升起。2) Th

30、e moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已經(jīng)從山上升起。 3）The river has risen by several meters. 河水上漲了好幾米。4）The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水漲了。5)The temperature in the room is rising higher and higher. 房間里的溫度越升越高。6) Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 很快就看見(jiàn)水蒸氣從濕衣服里冒出來(lái)。7) The price is ri

31、sing. 物價(jià)正在上漲。2.raise （raised, raised) v t. 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物體達(dá)到其應(yīng)有的高度的含義?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： 1)招募：to raise an army 2)養(yǎng)育、栽培：to raise a family 3)提高 raise salaries 漲工資, raise the rent租金。 4)舉起 raise ones hand 5)提出問(wèn)題 raise a question 1)Salaries have now been raised. 現(xiàn)在薪水已增加了。 2)The price was raised to 10.

32、 價(jià)格漲到十英鎊。 3)Heavy rain raised the river stage. 暴雨使河水水位升高。 4)The boss promised to raise her salary. 老板答應(yīng)要給她加薪水。 3.arise (arose, arisen) vi. .(問(wèn)題，困難等)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生；主語(yǔ)一般為抽象名詞，如problem, ，trouble, ，quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement 起身；起來(lái)；起立。無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 常用短語(yǔ)：arise from / out of sth.由引起；因產(chǎn)生。 如： 1)P

33、roblems arose from the outset.一開(kāi)始就產(chǎn)生了很多問(wèn)題。 2)How did the quarrel arise? 爭(zhēng)吵是怎么引起的？3)They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication. 他們正在談?wù)撚捎谌狈涣鞫a(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。 4.arouse意為“激起，喚醒；使. 奮發(fā)”可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1)arouse ones interest / sympathy 喚起某人的興趣/ 同情心” 2)arouse sb. 喚醒某人 3)He fell into a sound sle

34、ep, don't arouse him. 他睡熟了，別喚醒他。 4)He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 門(mén)鈴聲把他從睡眠中喚醒。arise 沒(méi)有“上升”之意，多指“產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生和出現(xiàn)”，常用于抽象事物 rise 使用范圍廣，既用于具體事物的“上升、增長(zhǎng)”，又用于抽象事物的“上漲” raise 與以上兩詞不同的是，此詞是及物動(dòng)詞，表示把某具體事物抬起高處或提高某抽 象事物模3單元3詞組1. give a talk about. give a lecture make a speech attend a lecture2. know

35、 about. know of. well-known be known for. be known as. be known to sb3. go on a cultural tour both.and.4. cause damage to. do damage to. under protection under construction5. be buried alive It turns out that.6. fail to do sth break down die in the disaster 7. It is believed to have been gradually c

36、overed over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD 400. .be believed to do sth/ to have done sth8. beneath the sand together with. such as9. We found the ruins most interesting. run away cut down result in They have no idea that.10. happen to do sth sth happen to sb 幾個(gè)“發(fā)生”見(jiàn)模11. He went to the area to see wh

37、at was going on.12. A saying goes that Rome wasnt built in a day. As a saying goes,.13. be/become interested in. take part in.14. “對(duì).有作用/影響” play a /an adj. role in. 比如，play key roles in. play a/an part in. make a /no/any/great difference to. have a /an adj. effect on. have a /an adj. influence on.1

38、5. could have done 的用法 1. 表示主觀猜測(cè)：即對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)作出主觀上的猜測(cè)，通?？勺g為“可能（已經(jīng))”，有時(shí)需根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)翻譯。如：Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是湯姆把錢(qián)拿走了，昨天他單獨(dú)一個(gè)人在這里呆過(guò)。We knew he couldnt have paid for it, because he had no money. 我們知道不可能是他付了這筆錢(qián)，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)錢(qián)。該用法也可將could換成can，但這只限于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，因?yàn)閏an表推測(cè)時(shí)不用于肯

39、定句（而could可以用于肯定句）。如：Can he have left already? 他會(huì)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了嗎？They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他們不可能出去了，因?yàn)闊暨€亮著。2. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的能力：即表示過(guò)去本來(lái)有能力可以做某事的，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有那樣去做，通常譯為“本來(lái)可以”“本來(lái)能力”等。如：The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本來(lái)可以防止這次事故的。I could have passed my examination easily

40、but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以輕易通過(guò)考試，但我犯了太多不該犯的錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)用于反語(yǔ)。如：Youve broken my penthanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的筆給弄壞了你得了吧，就那我自己也會(huì)弄。3. 表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性：即表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可能發(fā)生情況，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生，通常譯為“本來(lái)可以”“本來(lái)可能”等。如：She could have been seriously injured. 她本來(lái)可能傷得很重的。Its difficult enough, but i

41、t could have been worse. 這事情夠困難的了，本來(lái)可能會(huì)更糟呢。有時(shí)也可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境譯為“好在沒(méi)有”“差點(diǎn)”，尤其是當(dāng)談?wù)摰氖恰安缓谩钡那闆r時(shí)。如：She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差點(diǎn)哭了。Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你為什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在沒(méi)有砸傷人。4. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法：即表示過(guò)去本來(lái)有做某事的打算或意圖，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，通常譯為“本來(lái)可以”。如：I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you ask me? 我本來(lái)可以借這筆錢(qián)給你的。你為什么不向我提出？I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以給你點(diǎn)提示的，但是我認(rèn)為你太自負(fù)了。5. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的選擇：即表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以有機(jī)會(huì)選擇做某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有那樣做，通常譯為“本來(lái)可以”。如：You neednt have ty