1、.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：:表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài). 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的具體用法：1,表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.2,表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理.e.g. The earth moves around the sun.3 .表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)e.g. He lives in Beijing now.4 .習(xí)慣性的愛(ài)好或行為e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing.5,表示預(yù)先方

2、案或安排好的行為.e.g. Our class begins at 7:45.6 .在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí).e.g. If you come, we will wait for you.7,表示格言或警句中.e.g. Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)?8,表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、水平、特征和狀態(tài).e.g. I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am

3、 doing my homework now.9 .在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí).10 .小說(shuō)故事用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí).新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)的內(nèi)容,為了表達(dá)其“新鮮性, 也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情.11 .有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用進(jìn)行 時(shí)態(tài).注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō) 明的示范性動(dòng)作, 表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作.再如：Now watch me,I

4、switch on the current and standback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 ：一、兩種時(shí)態(tài)的主要含義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1,表示事物的本質(zhì)特性或客觀存在,沒(méi)有時(shí)限性.The table soft. feels表特性特征.Japan in the east of China. lives表客觀事實(shí)2 .現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為,可帶頻率時(shí)間.The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.Father doesn' t smoke. 習(xí)慣3 .表說(shuō)話時(shí)的狀態(tài),感覺(jué)或結(jié)果,一般

5、用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如：It doesn' t matter. Does it hurt?感覺(jué)結(jié)果4 .特殊用法：-在條件、時(shí)間、讓步從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái).一 If you go there'll help you.一用在 begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暫謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表規(guī)定方案.The plane takes off at 11:30.不受主觀支配的方案在劇本、解說(shuō)、標(biāo)題或 therehere開(kāi)頭的句中表進(jìn)行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens

6、.正在宣布He meets the ball and hits back to No.2正在發(fā)生現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生,進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Look! Dark clouds are gathering .正在發(fā)生2 .表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,但此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的事.He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在起床3 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊意義表示主觀打算常用于go,come,leave,start,begin等,位移、趨向動(dòng)詞.How long are you staying her

7、e準(zhǔn)備停留表示眼前剛過(guò)去的語(yǔ)意即“話音剛落",適用于 tell,say,talk,discussYou don' t believe it You know I ' m telling the truth.表示撫慰、關(guān)心、喜歡、討厭等感情色彩.He is always making noises in class.討厭-在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行.Don' t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.二、嚴(yán)格區(qū)分進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般時(shí)的語(yǔ)義1 .持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)表持續(xù)情況,經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性行為或客觀

8、存在的事實(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí)表暫時(shí) 性或有限時(shí)刻的持續(xù).2 .短暫動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)表達(dá)事實(shí),特征,水平而短暫動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)描述反復(fù)發(fā)生,即將發(fā)生或剛 開(kāi)始行為.3 .短暫動(dòng)詞和靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般時(shí)表示實(shí)際情況客觀狀態(tài)、結(jié)果、特征、特性,進(jìn)行時(shí)表未完成含開(kāi)始或漸進(jìn)之意.The bus stops.車(chē)停了一事實(shí)The bus is stopping.漸漸停下來(lái)I love the job.靜態(tài)事實(shí)I am loving the job. 漸漸愛(ài)上了4 e,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall等一般時(shí)態(tài)表客觀規(guī)定方案,進(jìn)行時(shí)表主觀打算推測(cè).Flight 254 leaves

9、at 5:30.表主觀打算The plane is taking off an hour later.主觀判斷5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)帶 always,often,usually,sometimes ,等頻率副詞表感情色彩,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)那么沒(méi)有 此用法. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：1當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could等等提到主語(yǔ)的前面變成疑問(wèn)句；在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not變成否認(rèn)句.例：陳述句：She is a student.疑問(wèn)句一 Is she a student?否認(rèn)句 She is not a student.陳述句：I can swim.疑問(wèn)句一 C

10、an you swim否認(rèn)句 I can not swim.2當(dāng)句子中即沒(méi)有 be動(dòng)詞,也沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do you,以及復(fù)數(shù)工does 單數(shù)she,he,it變成問(wèn)句；在主語(yǔ)后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng),前加助動(dòng)詞don' t I,you,以及復(fù)數(shù),doesn' t 單數(shù)she,he,it變成否認(rèn)句,助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形.例：陳述句： We get up at 7:00 every morning.疑問(wèn)句 Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否認(rèn)句 We don' t get up at 7:00 every mornin

11、g.陳述句：She has a little brother.疑問(wèn)句一 Does she have a little brother?否認(rèn)句 She doesn' t have a little brother. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的表達(dá)方法：主要通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化和用時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,其中最主要的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化.現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化的規(guī)那么是：1.如果主語(yǔ)是名詞復(fù)數(shù)和第一人稱(chēng)I、 we ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用做任何變化,即仍然用動(dòng)詞原形表不：We usually go to school at 7:30.我們通常 7:30 上學(xué)去.goMy parents give ten yuan to my si

12、ster every week.我父母每星期給我妹妹十元錢(qián).give 2.主語(yǔ)是任何一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或者是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要進(jìn)行必要的變化.特別提 一點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞也算作單數(shù)處理.3 .謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律是：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表:, ,詞構(gòu)成舉例動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般情況詞尾+swork工作 stop停止works stops以-ch, -sh, s, x, o 結(jié)尾詞尾+esteach教 wash洗 dress裝扮 fix安裝 go去teaches washes dresses fixesgoes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加esfly飛翔 try嘗試fliestries 特殊變化

13、的詞：be 是-am,is,areI amshe/he/it,名詞單數(shù)都用iswe,you,they ,名詞復(fù)數(shù)都用 arehave 有-have,hasI,we,you,they ,名詞復(fù)數(shù)都用 haveshe/he/it is,名詞單數(shù)都用has助動(dòng)詞,不管單復(fù)數(shù)、不管什么人稱(chēng)都沒(méi)有變化,都用 can,may,must,need,ought to等.而且,句子中有了助動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就不需要有任何變化了,即用動(dòng)詞原形表示.例：We have six classes every day.我們每天上六節(jié)課.I often get up at 6:30.我經(jīng)常 6:30 起床.Jack likes

14、 Chinese food very much.杰克很喜歡中國(guó)飲食.We can see some pictures on the wall.我們能看到墻上的畫(huà).4 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)常用于般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的詞語(yǔ)有 sometimes/usually/often/every day(week,year)/ now/always 等. 這些時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)只是輔助作用,這些詞語(yǔ)也可用于其它的時(shí)態(tài), 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變化才是最關(guān)鍵 的.注意：當(dāng)表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩時(shí),盡管有如 always/never/seldom等頻率副詞,但一般在頻 率副詞前加上be動(dòng)詞,后面變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式.例： My father

15、 lose his key again. He is always losing his key.般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)背定句否認(rèn)句I tike oranges1 don't like orangesThey like 蚓W(wǎng)They don't bke 期adHe likes hm由ttrgerwHe doesn't Ike hamburgers.She hkes ice erffiunSht doesn't hke ice cream一股魏句句肯定答復(fù)否認(rèn)答復(fù)Do you like salad?Yes> 此一Nof I 由tf LDo they hke ia

16、lacPthey doMo. they donYDots he like sated?Yes- he does.No, he doesn'tDoes she bkc salad?Yesu she doesNo* she doesn't般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的時(shí),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的水平和性格.根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他；否認(rèn)形式was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加 didn't,同時(shí)復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞；一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)句

17、法結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定形式主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他例句： She often came to help us in those days.否認(rèn)形式was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞例句：I didn't know you like coffee一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他WasWere+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)例句：Did I do that?用表格整理如下：, 自定式疑問(wèn)式否認(rèn)式疑問(wèn)07E式IworkedDid I work?I did not workDid I not work?He(She,It) workedDid he(she,it) work?He

18、(she,it) did not workDid he(she,it) notwork?We workedDid we work?We did not workDid we not work?You workedDid you work?You did not workDid you not work?They workedDid they work?They did not workDid they not work? 記憶口訣：一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不難,過(guò)去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間.動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站.否認(rèn)句很簡(jiǎn)單,didn't站在動(dòng)原前,其它局部不要變.一般疑問(wèn)句也好變,did放在句

19、子前,主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)原、其它局部依次站.特殊疑問(wèn)句也簡(jiǎn)單,疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句記心間.最后一條請(qǐng)注意,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式要牢記！般過(guò)去時(shí)中動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)那么:,詞構(gòu)成舉例一般情況詞尾+ed動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞looktalklookedtalked以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾詞尾+dlikearrivelikedarrived以“輔以字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加edflystudyfliedstudied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只宿一個(gè)輔音 字母雙寫(xiě),尾+edstop planstopped planned結(jié)構(gòu)句型：1. 一般句子I watched TV last night.2. 一般疑問(wèn)句Did you wat

20、ch TV last night ?3. there be 句型There was an apple on the table last night.Was there an apple on the table last night 一般過(guò)去時(shí)本卷須知：1 .注意主句與從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致性如果主句用了過(guò)去時(shí),從句中一般也要用過(guò)去式,或者過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等.例如:He believed that he was right.他相信自己是對(duì)的.I didn ' t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒.I thought they were with you. 我以

21、為他們和你在一起.2 .在口語(yǔ)中,一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不一定指真正的過(guò)去,而只是表示一種禮貌性語(yǔ)氣.例如：I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor.不知你可否幫我個(gè)忙.I wanted want to ask if I could borrow your car.我想問(wèn)問(wèn)可否借用你的車(chē).I hoped hope you could can give me some advice. 我希望你能幫我出點(diǎn)主意.Did Do you want to see me? 你想見(jiàn)我嗎3 .used toused to是一個(gè)詞組,表示“過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的動(dòng)作

22、.例如：I used to work fourteen hours a day.我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí).而現(xiàn)在不這樣了I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步.而現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了 , , 一"般過(guò)去式用法：（1） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作.一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情.句式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅說(shuō)了幾句話.He smoked many cigarettes

23、a day until he gave up.他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了.（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用,如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響.Have you had your lunch?你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎Yes,I have.是的,我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)了.已經(jīng)吃飽了,不想再吃了.When did you have i

24、t?你是什么時(shí)候吃的關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí).I had it about ten minutes ago.我大約是十分鐘以前吃的.Used to do something表示過(guò)去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作.I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過(guò)去常常天干十四個(gè)小時(shí).I ate it at 6: 45.我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了.3帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí).如：yesterday 昨天、 two days ago兩天前、last year去年、 the other day前幾天、once upon a time 很久以前、 just now

25、剛剛、in the old days 過(guò)去的日子里、 before liberation 解放前、When I was 8 years old 當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)、at+ 一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Did you have a party the other day ?前幾天,你們開(kāi)了晚會(huì)了嗎Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士.注：在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過(guò)去時(shí).4表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí).這種情況下,往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示.The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captai

26、n , and then died.那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒,看看船長(zhǎng),然后就去世了.5表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作.常與 always, never等連用.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一一把傘.只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘.比較：Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘.說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣,說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘.表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作

27、或行為厭煩I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒.不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒6如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used to do 過(guò)去常常做,而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了He used to drink alcohol.他過(guò)去喝酒.意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了.喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步.意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了比較：I took a walk in the morning.我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過(guò)步.只是說(shuō)明過(guò)去這一動(dòng)作7有些句子,雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過(guò)去時(shí)

28、.I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎.由于在說(shuō)話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了.這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前,所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示.實(shí)際上,這句話暗指： But now I know you are here.I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢.這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前,我以為你病了.但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病 一般過(guò)去時(shí)三變技巧：一變：肯定句變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)句技巧1.當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞could , would , should等時(shí),可直接在其后面加not構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句.例如：I could get you a concert t

29、icket. f I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.技巧2.當(dāng)句中含有系動(dòng)詞 was, were時(shí),可直接在其后加 not構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句.例如：I was on the Internet when you called me. f I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you calledme.技巧3.當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞 was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在該動(dòng)詞之前 加did not / didn't ,動(dòng)詞復(fù)原,構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句.例如：The famous

30、 singer sang some Chinese songs. f The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.二變：陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句技巧1.移動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)的位置.將 was, were, could, would , should等移到句首.例如：He could pack his things himself. f Could he pack his things himself?技巧2.添加助動(dòng)詞did.謂語(yǔ)是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞 was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在主語(yǔ)之前加did ,動(dòng)詞復(fù)原.例如：M

31、r Li looked very old. 一 Did Mr Li look very old?三變：陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句技巧1.確定疑問(wèn)詞： 人who / whom ,物what,地點(diǎn) where,時(shí)間 when / what time ,原因why , 頻率how often ,長(zhǎng)度how long ,距離how far等等.例如：They gave the concert last night. f When did they give the concert?技巧2.識(shí)別結(jié)構(gòu)形式：疑問(wèn)詞 +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/was / were / did +主語(yǔ)+.?例如：The accident

32、happened near the station. f Where did the accident happen?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示有方案的未來(lái),也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. 示將來(lái).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是：主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 例如： He is writing on the desk. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)I+am+ing.第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)We+are+ing.第二人稱(chēng)單復(fù)數(shù) You+are+ing第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)He She, it +is+ing第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) They+are+ing 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be

33、 is/am/are +現(xiàn)在分詞 否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ) +be is/am/are +not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問(wèn)句:be is/am/are +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+相應(yīng)be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth?間接引語(yǔ)中改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).變化規(guī)那么：1 .直接 + ing例：sleep+ing 變 sleeping2 .去掉不發(fā)音的 e+ing例：bite-e+ing 變 biting3 .重讀閉音節(jié),以輔音字母加元音字母加輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,要雙寫(xiě)尾字母再加ing 例:swim+m+ing=swimming4 .以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),變 ie為y+ing 例：die-dying lie-l

34、ying 5結(jié)尾為c且c讀作/k/時(shí),在結(jié)尾加 k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性I am watching TV now.暫時(shí)性I watch TV every day.經(jīng)常性二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示短暫性動(dòng)作,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示長(zhǎng)久性動(dòng)作.Lucy is living in Beijing.短時(shí)間居住Lucy lives in Beijing.長(zhǎng)久性居住三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作可帶有感情色彩,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所表述的動(dòng)作通常是事實(shí).You' re always forgetting

35、the most important things.責(zé)備He is always helping others. 贊揚(yáng)He often helps others.事實(shí)四有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí),know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have,believe, agree, hear, see, notices, 等等.這些動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.I have a lot of friends here.She wants to buy a new bike.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法注意：1 .進(jìn)行時(shí)中,并不

36、是所有的動(dòng)詞都要使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí).例如一些表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞,一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而是用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)表示.這些動(dòng)詞往往是等表示情感狀態(tài)、知覺(jué)熟悉、愿望或短暫性的動(dòng)詞.例如：see 明白,know, want, like, hear, have有,think, hope, hate 等.I hear someone singing. 我正聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人唱歌.Do you see anyone over there? 你看至U那里有什么人嗎What does he think of it? 他覺(jué)得這怎么樣如果這些詞使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),句子帶有某種感情色彩.例如：Are you seeing someone o

37、ff? 你在給誰(shuí)送行嗎They are hearing an English talk.他們?cè)诼?tīng)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)報(bào)告.2 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有另外一種含義,即它們能表達(dá)即將發(fā)生的事情,相當(dāng)于一般將來(lái)時(shí).有些動(dòng)詞從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),但卻是表示將要發(fā)生的事,而不表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行.這些動(dòng)詞往往是一些表示位置移動(dòng)變化的動(dòng)詞：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet,play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等.We are leaving on Friday.我們星期五出發(fā).Are you going

38、 anywhere tomorrow ?你明天準(zhǔn)備去哪兒A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon .今天下午一個(gè)夕卜國(guó)客人將給我們作報(bào)告.Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在這里呆到下個(gè)星期嗎在表示將來(lái)的情況下,特別是 be going to do sth.這種結(jié)構(gòu),已經(jīng)沒(méi)有多少“去的意思了, 幾乎就是用來(lái)表達(dá)“將要、打算做什么事情.例如：It is going to be rather cold tomorrow . 明天很可能非常冷.She is not going to speak

39、at the meeting.她不打算在那個(gè)會(huì)上發(fā)言.3 .當(dāng)其與always、forever> continually > constantly等副詞連用時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作,而這種動(dòng) 作可能使人不滿,厭倦或滿意.例如：She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干預(yù)我的事.不滿 The students are making progress constantly.學(xué)生們?cè)诓粩噙M(jìn)步.滿意4 .在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí).When you are passing my way , please drop

40、 in.你什么時(shí)候路過(guò)我家,請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)坐. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：A表示現(xiàn)在指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情.例： We are waiting for you.B.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行.例： Mr. Green is writing another novel.說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě),只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài).例： She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生的將來(lái)活動(dòng).I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.我下周要去尼泊爾旅行 We're flying to P

41、aris tomorrow.我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用D .些非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作即將進(jìn)行或發(fā)生,或表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù).例如： He is joining the army.E.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有 always, forever, constantly, continually 修飾時(shí),表示說(shuō)話人的 贊賞或厭煩的情緒.例如： They are always helping us.注意：表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài).F.子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正

42、在打籃球.G.ook, listen開(kāi)頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：Listen ! She is singing an English song.聽(tīng),她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌.H.當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型.I.圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng).此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the

43、 park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng) 箏.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.其形式為was/were+V-ing.常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如：last night, last Saturday 等；或者與when,while,as引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由"主語(yǔ) +was/were +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我們正在吃晚飯時(shí) 響了.2 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否認(rèn)式由"主語(yǔ)+was/were not +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成eg: This

44、 time yesterday Jack was not watching TV . He was repairing his bike. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候,杰 克不是在看電視,而是在修理自行車(chē).3 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式由"was/were +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞組成eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你們?cè)诟墒裁醋蛱煜挛绲臅r(shí)間 啊答復(fù)我啊 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一、二者概念理解一般過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)舊事,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景.A、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 .過(guò)去狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作或事件He went to Beijing the

45、 other day.帶具體時(shí)間2 .過(guò)去的習(xí)慣a would ,used to 與過(guò)去時(shí)would表間斷性不規(guī)那么的習(xí)慣,常帶頻率時(shí)間used to表一貫性有規(guī)律的習(xí)慣They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.He smoked a lot two years ago. 過(guò)去行為bWould用于文中不用于句首,只表過(guò)去習(xí)慣.Used to表今昔比照的含義,表達(dá)習(xí)慣動(dòng)作可與would換用.When he was a boy , he would often go there . 表達(dá)過(guò)去She isn'

46、;t what she used to be.今昔比照c表示狀態(tài)時(shí)一般只用used toTom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there.狀態(tài)dwas were used to +ving 表示 “適宜于,適應(yīng)于一.“He used to work at night ."習(xí)慣表經(jīng)常He was used to working at night.習(xí)慣表適應(yīng) 3 .過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷,平行動(dòng)作,依此事件用一般過(guò)去時(shí).He sat there and listened to the radio.依止匕發(fā)生4 .客氣委婉的語(yǔ)氣,用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助

47、動(dòng)詞和want , wonder , hope等How did you like the film? / Could you help me? B.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .在過(guò)去某階段或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生What were you doing at 8:30 last night?過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生 2 .性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按方案、打算During that time he was going with us. 表示打算3.lways ,often ,usually等連用表喜愛(ài),討厭等感情色彩.He was always Changing his mind.二、區(qū)別A.進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷 一般

48、時(shí)表示行為的“整體和存在的狀態(tài).I was reading the book at that time.未讀完,“讀"的片段 I read the book yesterday.已讀完,表整個(gè)"讀B、一般持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用It was raining all night.優(yōu)先用 was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,故也可使用He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon.短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用,表反復(fù),連續(xù)發(fā)生, 不可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)C、while時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用短暫動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用進(jìn)行時(shí).例： He broke

49、 a chair while he was jumping up and down.D、While所在主從句動(dòng)作大致持續(xù)相等時(shí)主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時(shí),但假設(shè)是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可都用 一般過(guò)去時(shí),兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)短的用一般時(shí),長(zhǎng)的用進(jìn)行時(shí).I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 平行I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.I saw him while I was walking to the station. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的根本用法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的根本用法主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)

50、行的動(dòng)作.如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書(shū)時(shí)睡著了.2 .用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣.如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否讓我搭下車(chē).【注】一般過(guò)去時(shí)也有類(lèi)似用法,但比較而言,用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣,更不肯定.3 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱(chēng)贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與always, forever, continually等副詞連用.如：They were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架.

51、4 .動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞 be的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過(guò)去一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài).比較：He was friendly.他很友好.指過(guò)去長(zhǎng)期如此He was being friendly.他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好.指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)特殊用法1、當(dāng)句子意思很清楚時(shí),我們也可以把兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都換成一般過(guò)去時(shí)We listened carefully when the teacher read the text.老師讀課文時(shí),我們都仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)著.2、表示按方案、安排過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的事.用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí),也可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.如：He t

52、old me that he was going soon.他告訴我他很快就要走了.3、表示故事發(fā)生的背景.It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支醫(yī)療小組往前線行進(jìn)時(shí),天正下著雪.4、表示一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作剛剛開(kāi)始.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)引出一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作,這種用法頗有點(diǎn)兒像鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)換.Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.5分鐘后,他已站在門(mén)口抽著煙.5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可和 when結(jié)構(gòu)遙相照應(yīng),含有意外之意.I was walking

53、 in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我.6、用來(lái)陳述原因或用作借口.She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了.她患了很?chē)?yán)重的心臟病.7、與always,constantly等詞連用,表示感情色彩.The girl was always changing her mind.這女孩老是改變主意.般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).一般句型有：肯定句：I/We

54、shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go.否認(rèn)句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go.疑問(wèn)句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?簡(jiǎn)略答復(fù)：肯Yes,主語(yǔ) shall/will 否No,主語(yǔ) shall/will not特殊疑問(wèn)句：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句是將疑問(wèn)詞放在句首,后接一般疑問(wèn)句就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),以疑問(wèn)詞who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)詞除外Why will you be here on Sunday?周日你為什么將要在這兒I will have a meeti

55、ng on Sunday 我將要在周日舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)句要進(jìn)行具體答復(fù)一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首,some改any,and改or,第一二人稱(chēng)互換We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?被動(dòng)句：will/shall+be+v.ed及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞The letter will be sent tomorrow.這封信明天將寄出去We shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我們違反規(guī)定,我們將受到懲罰. 一般將來(lái)日的構(gòu)成：1 .用will或shall表示“助動(dòng)詞will或shall +動(dòng)詞原形這一形式,表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情,用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng).在口語(yǔ)中will用于所有人稱(chēng),書(shū)面語(yǔ)中第一人稱(chēng)常用shall,如：CD Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天. The rain will stop