1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上天然藥物化學以及相關常用英文詞匯分類總結提示：可以用ctrl+F鍵進行相關專業(yè)詞匯的查詢，如果您足夠幸運，本文檔也許能幫您解決一點小問題。目錄常用術語以及名詞（英文名 漢文名）Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亞烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型的Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 芐基Benzylic 芐型的Activating group 活化基團Chromophore 生色團Auxochrome 助色團Magnetically anisotropi

2、c group 磁各向異性基團Smally ring 小環(huán)Common ring 普通環(huán)Medium rimg 中環(huán)Large ring 大環(huán)Bridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系Spiro compound 螺環(huán)化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面體化合物Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系Acyl cation 酰基正離子Benzylic cation 芐基正離子Arenirm ion 芳基正離子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基離子Radical cat

3、ion 自由基正離子Radical anion 自由基負離子Isomerism 異構現(xiàn)象Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循變結構Stereochemistry 立體化學Optical activity 光學活性Dextro isomer 右旋異構體Laevo isomer 左旋異構體Tetrahedral configuration 四面體構型Stereoisomerism 立體異構現(xiàn)象Asymmetric atom 不對稱原子Asymmetric carbon 不對稱碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不對稱碳Phantom atom 虛擬原子H

4、omotopic 等位的Heterotopic 異位的Enantiotopic 對映異位的Diastereotopic 非對映異位的Configuration 構型Absolute configuration 絕對構型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性的Fischer projection 費歇爾投影式Neoman projection 紐曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名體系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名體系Cah

5、n-Ingold-Prelon sequence 順序規(guī)則Symmetry factor 對稱因素Plane of symmetry 對稱面Mirror symmetry 鏡面對稱Enantiomer 對映異構體Diastereomer 非對映異構體Epimer 差向異構體Anomer 端基差向異構體Erythro configuration 赤型構型Erythro isomer 赤型異構體Threo configuration 蘇型構型Threo isomer 蘇型異構體Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 順反異構E isomer E異構體Z is

6、omer Z異構體Endo isomer 內型異構體Exo isomer 外型異構體Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基團Pro-S proup 前S基團Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固體溶液Meso compound 內消旋化合物Quasi recemate 準外消旋體Conformation 構象Conformational 構象分析Torsion angle 扭轉角Rotamer 旋轉異構體Anti conf

7、ormation 反式構象Bisecting conformation 等分構象Anti periplanar conformation 反疊構象Synperiplanar conformation 順疊構象Synclinal conformation 反錯構象Synclinal conformation 順錯構象Eclipsed conformation 重疊構象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 鄰位交*構象Staggered conformation 對位交*構象Steric effect 空間效應Steric hindrance 位阻Atro

8、pismer 阻轉異構體Puckered ring 折疊環(huán)Conformational inversion 構象反轉Chair conformation 椅型構象Boat conformation 船型構象Twist conformation 扭型構象Skew boat conformation 扭船型構象Half-chair conformation 半椅型構象Pseudorotation 假旋轉Envelope conformation 信封型構象Axial bond 直立鍵Equatorial bond 平伏鍵Cisoid conformation 順向構象Transoid confor

9、mation 反向構象Retention of configuration 構型保持Regioselectivity 區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity 區(qū)域專一性Stereocelectivity 立體選擇性Stereospecificty 立體專一性Conformer 構象異構體Conformational effect 構象效應Crams rube 克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule 普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemical orientation 立體化學取向Conformational transmission 構象傳遞Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ort

10、ho position 鄰位Meta position 間位Para position 對位Amphi position 遠位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角雜化Molecular orbiral method 分子軌道法Valence bond method 價鍵法Delocalezed bond 離域鍵Cross conjugation 交*共軛Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效應Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效應Hyperconjugation 超共軛Isovalent hype

11、rconjugation 等價超共軛No-bond resonance 無鍵共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic *ter 芳香六隅Huckelrule 休克爾規(guī)則Paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán)電流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烴Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周環(huán)反應Electrocyclic rearrangement 電環(huán)化

12、重排Conrotatory 順旋Disroatatory 對旋Cycloaddition 環(huán)加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 對稱禁阻反應Synfacial reaction 同面反應Antarafacial reaction 異面反應Mobius system 默比烏斯體系Leois structure 路易斯結構Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共價鍵Banana bond 香蕉鍵Pauling electronegativity scale 鮑林電負性標度Polarizability 可極化性Inductive effect 誘導效應Fiel

13、d effect 場效應Electrical effect 電場效應tautomerism 互變異構Tautomerization 互變異構化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互變異構Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互變異構Imine-enamine atutomerism 亞胺-烯胺互變異構Ring-chain tautomerism 環(huán)-鏈互變異構Valence tautomerism 價互變異構Ambident 兩可的Solvent effect 溶劑效應Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶劑Basic solvent

14、堿性溶劑Dielectric constant 介電常數(shù)Solvated electron 溶劑化電子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿催化反應Conjugate base 共軛酸Conjugate base 共軛堿Therm odynamic acidity 熱力學酸度Kinetic acidity 動力學酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 電子給體受體絡合物Host 主體Guest 客體Primary isotope effect 一級同位素效應Secondary isotope effect 二級同位數(shù)效應

15、Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效應Kinetic control 動力學控制Thermodynamic control 熱力學控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中間體Reactive intermediate 活潑中間體Microscopic reversibility 微觀可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假說Linear free energy 線性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非鍵相互作用Torsional effect 扭轉效應Pitzer strain 皮策張力Restricted rotation 阻礙

16、旋轉Eclipsing effect 重疊效應Eclipsing strain 重疊張力Small-angle strain 小角張力Large angle strain 大角張力Transannular interaction 跨環(huán)相互作用Transannular strain 跨環(huán)張力I strain 內張力F strain 前張力B strain 后張力Anomeric effect 端基異構效應Walden inversion 瓦爾登反轉Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反轉Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 純手性的Mechanis

17、m 機理Unimolecular nucleophilic 單分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 雙分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子內親核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香親核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 單分子親電取代B

18、imolecular electrophilic substi-tution 雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecular elimination 單分子消除Bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 單分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 雙分子共軛堿消除Bi

19、molecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催

20、化烷氧斷裂-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙型絡合機理Borderline mechanism 邊理機理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 異裂Heterolytic michanism 異裂機理Counrergegenion 反荷離子Ion pair 離子對Carbocation 碳正離子Nonclassical carbocation 非經典碳正離子Carbanion 碳負離子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid 卡賓體Carbene 卡賓Nitrene 氮賓Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 親電加

21、成Electrophile 親電體Diaxial addition 雙直鍵加成Markovnikovs rube 馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikov addition 反馬氏加成Michael addition 邁克爾加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 親電取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除機理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 親電芳香取代Electron transfer 電子轉移Electron-donating group 給電子基團Elect

22、ron-Withdrawing group 吸電子基團Deactivating group 鈍化基團Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 鄰對位定位基Meta directing group 間位定位基Ortho effect 鄰位效應Partial rate factor 分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilic reaction 親核反應Internal return 內返Nucleophilicity 親核體Nucleophilicity 親核性-effect -效應Backside attack 背面進攻Inversion 反轉Umbrella

23、effect 傘效應Push-pull effect 推拉效應Leaving group 離去基團Electrofuge 離電體Nucleofuge 離核體Phase-transfer catalysis 相轉移催化Neighboring group participation 鄰基基參與Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 鄰助作用Neighboring group effect 鄰基效應Apofacial reaction 反面反應Briddgehead displacement 橋頭取代Aryl action 芳正離子Ben

24、zyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmanns rule 霍夫曼規(guī)則Bredt rule 布雷特規(guī)則Initiation 引發(fā)Anionic cleavage 負離子裂解Partial bond fixation 鍵的部分固定化023有機化學反應Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷基化Exhaustive methylation 徹底甲基化Seco alkylation 斷裂烷基化

25、Demethylation 脫甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation ?；疐ormylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 雙氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交換Hydroxylation 羥基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧鹵化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型鹵化Dehalogen

26、ation 脫鹵Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧硝化Nitrosation 亞硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺?；疍esulfonation 脫磺酸基Sulfenylation 亞磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺?；疌hlorosulfenation 氯亞磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉移Coupling reaction 偶聯(lián)反應Diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-coupling re

27、action 交*偶聯(lián)反應1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共軛加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氫化Oxyamination 羥氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氫甲?；疕ydroacylation 加氫酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脫羰Hydrocarboxylation

28、 氫羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脫氰乙基Ring clsure 環(huán)合Diene synthesis 雙烯合成Dienophile 親雙烯體Endo addition 內型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第爾斯-爾德反應Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應Ene synthesis 單烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 負離子環(huán)加成Dipolar addition 偶極加成- elimination -消除-

29、 elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脫鹵化氫Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic elimination 熱解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脫羧Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺Decyanation 脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage ?；呀釬lash pyrolysis 閃熱裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic

30、 reaction 螯鍵反應Chelation 螯環(huán)化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交換Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羥烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 鹵烷基化Transacetalation 縮醛交換Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 鹵仿反應C

31、ondensation 縮合Aldol condensation 羥醛縮合Cross aldol condensation 交*羥醛縮合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氫過氧化Epoxidation 環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 電化學氧化Oxid

32、ative decarboxylation 氧化脫羧Aromatization 芳構化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫氫Transfer hydrogenation 轉移氫化Hydrogenolysis 氫解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金屬還原Single electron transfer 單電子轉移Bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原Ele

33、ctrochemical reduction 電化學還原Reductive alkylation 還原烷基化Reductive acylation 還原?；疪eductive dimerization 還原二聚Deoxygenation 脫氧Desulfurization 脫硫Deselenization 脫硒Mitallation 金屬化Lithiation 鋰化Hydrometallation 氫金屬化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羥汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 奪取反應Internal abstraction 內奪取反應R

34、earrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 質了轉移重排Double bond migration 雙鍵移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型遷移Ring contraction 環(huán)縮小反應Ring expansion,ring enlargement 擴環(huán)反應-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半頻哪醇重排Benzi

35、lic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 遷移傾向Transannular insertion 跨環(huán)插入Transannular rearrangement 跨環(huán)重排Migration 遷移Prototropy 質子轉移Cationotropic rearrangement 正離子轉移重排Anionotropy 負離子轉移Anionotropic rearrangement 負離子轉移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -遷移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangeme

36、nt 同遷移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 親電重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻躍遷photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光異構化Photochemical rearrangement 光化學重排有機化學常用詞匯Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氫化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蠟Paraffin wax 石蠟Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活潑氫化合物

37、Carbon acid 碳氫酸Super acid 超酸Diene 雙烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累積多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 鹵代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve 溶纖劑Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季銨化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸

38、Sulfoxide 亞砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半縮醛Acetal 縮醛Ketal 縮酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 縮醛胺imine 亞胺Aldimine 醛亞胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亞硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 縮氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羥腈Pinacol 頻哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Y

39、namine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希堿Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰鹵Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 芐氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate ?；鶎妆交撬狒鸎etene 乙烯酮Peracid 過酸Perester 過酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基過氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 異腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亞胺N-

40、bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰疊氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 環(huán)氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亞胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 內酯Lactol 內半縮醛Macrolide 大環(huán)內酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 兩性

41、離子Inner salt 內鹽Betaine 甜菜堿Lactam 內酰胺Hydantion 乙內酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羥醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡萄糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖類Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂環(huán)化合物Cycloalkene 環(huán)烷Spirane 環(huán)烯Cag

42、e compound 螺烷Propellane 籠型化合物Rotazane 螺槳烷Catenane 輪烷Rused ring 索烴寫作和論文基礎詞匯Abstracts Abstr. 文摘 Abbreviation 縮語和略語 Acta 學報 Advances 進展 Annals Anna. 紀事 Annual Annu. 年鑒，年度 Semi-Annual 半年度 Annual Review 年評 Appendix Appx 附錄 Archives 文獻集 Association Assn 協(xié)會 Author 作者 Bibliography 書目，題錄 Biological Abstract

43、BA 生物學文摘 Bulletin 通報，公告 Chemical Abstract CA 化學文摘 Citation Cit 引文，題錄 Classification 分類，分類表 College Coll. 學會，學院 Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只讀光盤 Company Co. 公司 Content 目次 Co-term 配合詞，共同詞 Cross-references 相互參見 Digest 輯要，文摘 Directory 名錄，指南 Dissertations Diss. 學位論文 Edition Ed. 版次 Editor Ed. 編者、

44、編輯 Excerpta Medica EM 荷蘭醫(yī)學文摘 Encyclopedia 百科全書 The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引 Et al 等等 European Patent Convertion EPC 歐洲專利協(xié)定 Federation 聯(lián)合會 Gazette 報，公報 Guide 指南 Handbook 手冊 Heading 標題詞 Illustration Illus. 插圖 Index 索引 Cumulative Index 累積索引 Index Medicus IM 醫(yī)學索引 Institute Inst. 學會、研究所 International Pa

45、tent Classification IPC 國際專利分類法 International Standard Book Number ISBN 國際標準書號 International Standard Series Number ISSN 國際標準刊號 Journal J. 雜志、刊 Issue 期（次） Keyword 關鍵詞 Letter Let. 通訊、讀者來信 List 目錄、一覽表 Manual 手冊 Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 醫(yī)學文獻分析與檢索系統(tǒng) Retrieval System Medical Subject Headin

46、gs MeSH 醫(yī)學主題詞表 Note 札記 Papers 論文 Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 國際專利合作條約 Precision Ratio 查準率 Press 出版社 Procceedings Proc. 會報、會議錄 Progress 進展 Publication Publ. 出版物 Recall Ratio 查全率 Record 記錄、記事 Report 報告、報導 Review 評論、綜述 Sciences Abstracts SA 科學文摘 Section Sec. 部分、輯、分冊 See also 參見 Selective Disseminatio

47、n of Information SDI 定題服務 Seminars 專家討論會文集 Series Ser. 叢書、輯 Society 學會 Source 來源、出處 Subheadings 副主題詞 Stop term 禁用詞 Subject 主題 Summary 提要 Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊 Survey 概覽 Symposium Symp. 專題學術討論會 Thesaurus 敘詞表、詞庫 Title 篇名、刊名、題目 Topics 論題、主題 Transactions 匯報、匯刊 Volume Vol. 卷 World Intellectual Property

48、 Organization WIPO 世界知識產權 World Patent Index WPI 世界專利索引 Yearbook 年鑒 基礎化學常用英語詞匯1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想氣體狀態(tài)方程2. Partial Pressures 分壓3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真實氣體：對理想氣體行為的偏離4. The van der Waals Equation 范德華方程5. System and Surroundings 系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境6. State and State Functions 狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)7.

49、 Process 過程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學第一定律10. Heat and Work 熱與功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸熱與發(fā)熱過程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反應熱13. Hesss Law 蓋斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反應速率16. Reaction Order 反應級數(shù)17. Rate Constants 速率常數(shù)18. Activation Ener

50、gy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼烏斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反應機理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化劑22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化劑23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常數(shù)25. the Direction of Reaction 反應方向26. Le Chateliers Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Ch

51、anges and Catalysts i. 體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響28. Spontaneous Processes 自發(fā)過程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（標準熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵變32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 標準自由能變33. Acid-Bases 酸堿34. The Dissociation of Water 水離解35. The Proton in Water 水合質子36. The p

52、H Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和堿38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 質子轉移反應39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共軛酸堿對40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸堿的相對強度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸堿42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金屬離子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 緩沖溶液44. The Common-Ion Effec

53、ts 同離子效應45. Buffer Capacity 緩沖容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配離子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度積常數(shù)49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 離子的沉淀與分離50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 離子的選擇沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化還原反應52. Oxidation Number 氧化數(shù)53. Balancing

54、 Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化還原反應方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反應55. Galvani Cell 原電池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特電池57. Cell EMF 電池電動勢58. Standard Electrode Potentials 標準電極電勢59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化劑和還原劑60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 電解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 電子的波動性63. Bohrs Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氫原子的波爾模型64. Line Spectra 線光譜65. Quantum Numbers 量子數(shù)66. Electron Spin 電子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子軌道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）軌道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多電子原子70. Energies