1、杰 1 汽動(dòng)力鋰離子電池現(xiàn)狀、安全性及壽命評測20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en2011汽車動(dòng)力電池國際研討會(huì)INET, Tsinghua U2011年2月23-24日，上海何向明清華大學(xué)核研院新型能源與材料化學(xué)研究室Institute of New Energy Technology1騰務(wù)內(nèi)容杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en動(dòng)力電池現(xiàn)狀鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的安全性鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的使用壽命Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰清華大學(xué)核研院鋰離子電池實(shí)驗(yàn)室介紹務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì)

2、 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enThe Great WallMingInstitute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityLess than 50 minutes drive45 kmThe InstituteTsinghuaBeijingInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)TLithium ion騰會(huì) 車動(dòng)杰 11汽ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology,

3、 INET, Tsinghua University2R&D0battery務(wù)Fuel Cell 杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University燃料電池實(shí)驗(yàn)室1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人：姜長印、萬春榮會(huì) 車動(dòng)學(xué)術(shù)骨干（博士）：何向明、蒲薇華、應(yīng)皆榮、李建軍、劉靖 ww、 電郭建偉、w 力.g 池研op 討會(huì)ve研究骨干（碩士）：武玉玲、馮麗娟、張麗春、孫文婷、陳敏.c實(shí)驗(yàn)室技師：陳克勤、常彩霞、李智敏、康建峰、楊兆衛(wèi)、史波鋰離子電池實(shí)驗(yàn)室201騰務(wù)王 莉、任建國、

4、李建剛、高 劍 et-ent博士生、碩士生：10-15名Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua Universityom鋰離子電池研究概況杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研材料合成，機(jī)理診斷，電極/電池工程化，數(shù)學(xué)模型p- 討會(huì)ent.電池模型Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University從納米尺度到微米尺度，再到毫米尺度性能電極結(jié)構(gòu)電池結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)材料合成材料修飾表面/界面化學(xué)新工藝新材料安全性長壽命電極制造電池制備電極模型高性能鋰電池電極模型1騰務(wù)負(fù)

5、極 正極w.toevcom杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en動(dòng)力鋰離子電池的現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng)nstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)目前市場上的混合動(dòng)力車杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversityToyota HighlanderLexus RX400hHonda InsightLexus GS450hToyota CamryHonda CivicToyota P

6、riusHonda AccordSaturn VueChevy SilveradoFord Escapemore and more1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en混合動(dòng)力車ELECTRIC ACCESSORIESPETROLEUM ONLY76hp gasoline engine, 67hp electric motor, 1.5kWh batteryInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)w.ADVANCED ENGINE杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研Fuel F

7、lexibilityp- 討會(huì)en插電式混合動(dòng)力車ELECTRIC ACCESSORIESADVANCED ENGINEPETROLEUMAND/ORELECTRICITYBATTERY RECHARGE76hp gasoline engine, 67hp electric motor, 9.0kWh battery (30mi)Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)Percentage of Vehicle Fleet In Use (%)Cumulative Fuel Consumed (gallon

8、s)5101520250010515202530Time of Day (hr)Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University03010050150200250300PHEV40 8647 total miles driven 共行駛8647英里58 mpg &140 Wh/miPHEVs:40% reduction inoperating costs$500 annual savings37 mpg76 mpg &211 Wh/miAssumes $2.41/gal and 9/kWh$1.58$1.21$2.48$

9、3.45$0.48$0.72-9.1PHEV20PHEV40HEVCV混合動(dòng)力車的實(shí)際節(jié)油效果1會(huì)w.40 400Conventional35 350會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enE-Transportation is the most significant technological revolutionafter the cellular and the internet.電動(dòng)交通是移動(dòng)電話和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后的最重要的技術(shù)革命 。Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University電動(dòng)車對動(dòng)力電池

10、的需求在持續(xù)增長騰務(wù)w.to20 杰 1 汽 會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì) MW reserve power plants. 兆瓦級儲能電站。 evt.Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University鈦酸鋰電池移動(dòng)儲能電站Electrovaya, International Battery, Ultralife, Valance, Saft. BYD磷酸鐵鋰電池固定儲能電站規(guī)模儲能是動(dòng)力電池的又一重要市場騰務(wù) Manage fluctuations in electricity demand. 平抑電網(wǎng)波動(dòng)。

11、w.to Manufacturers to take a part: A123, Altairnano, Enerdel,20 杰 1 汽 1encom會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研different cell models.t e討會(huì)120 different cell models n o Ultra High power 超高功率(20C)- 19 manufacturers,.Market grow of 15% CAGR(復(fù)合年均增長率) peryear driven by the EV growing market, Cell costsare decreasing by 8% pe

12、r year (Source: IIT).Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University動(dòng)力電池的現(xiàn)狀 杰 2011汽 High power 高功率(10C)- 84 manufacturers, 1500 op-騰務(wù)w.vet.cm中日韓在動(dòng)力電池制造方面占支配 騰 務(wù) 車 力地動(dòng) 位杰 1 汽20w. 電池to 研討ev 會(huì)t.Far-East manufacturers dominate the market臺灣Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua

13、University1會(huì)wwgep-encom杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enPouch. mcoInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University動(dòng)力電池的包裝方式Prismaticcells較好的傳熱安全性好使用壽命長1騰務(wù)w.toevtcellsCylindricalcellsCellSizemmCapAhCyclelifeTemprangeWeightgrWeightenergydensityWh/KgVolumeenergydensityWh/Lp-Weightconstantpowerd

14、ensityW/Kg會(huì)VdensityW/LA123-AHR18700M1ULTRAD=18L=700.71000to90%-10to10038601291085523169A123-AHR32157M1HDD=32L=157101000to80%-30to603041082611085526148Saft-VL12VD=47L=17312500to80%-30to6064067144843718000杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研功率最高的磷酸鐵鋰電池SInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1討騰

15、務(wù)w.toInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing ChinaPowerel北京中潤恒動(dòng)電池有限公司850 x560 x71200500 to80%?7000102211028213Lionik深圳市龍鋰實(shí)業(yè)有限公司255 x145 x55100500 to80%-20to 60360010518610551868單體電池容量最高的高功率動(dòng)力電池騰務(wù)w.Cell Size Cap Cycle Temp Weight Weight Volume tmm Ah life range gr energy

16、energy powerdensity density density densityWh/Kg Wh/L W/Kg W/L杰 2011汽t.CellVCapAhCyclelifeto80%WeightgrWeightenergydensityWh/KgVolumeenergydensityWh/L務(wù)Weight力wwpowerw.getdensityW/KgVolumepowerop-density研討會(huì)evW/LenAdvancedbatteryfactory12010073.31.2100043922395525m14372Q-LiteIndustrialICR18650HH3.71.3

17、5004012027530066885CENSEnergyTechCo18650P3.21.12000457821228447742AmericanLithiumIncNo-P.N3.21.5200034.314029027985806HenanBideliEnergyICR18650P3.71.45003813630627266129SamsungINR18650-15R3.61.55004512032620005443杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)功率最高的18650電池Highcompetitivemarketwithalmost50differentcellmodelsInstitute of

18、 New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰CellVCapAhCyclelifeto80%Highoper.Temp.cWeightenergydensityWh/KgVolumeenergydensityWh/LWeightpowerdensityW/KgVolumeent.cpoweromdensityW/LSaftVL32600-1254.2420012512325961129AdvancedBatteryFactory3.2v/60ah3.660300090801276661060杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p-

19、 討會(huì)操作溫度最高的動(dòng)力電池EV needs batteries with up to 80C hightemperature operating rangemInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)w.toevCellI.DWh/KgChargeRateCycleLifeGPLbattery,GE-32AH-02,32AH939.38C500GAIAUHE-341440,7.5AH8416C500ToshibaSCiB6511.9C6000StandardChargeQuickChargeFastChar

20、ge務(wù)力UltraFastChargewww.C/3C/3,2C10C杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)to 研討ev 會(huì)t.快速充電動(dòng)力電池短問題的最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法。road charging stations.Current Market Ultra fast charging cellUltrafastchargeStationInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰電池p-enco快速充電 (up to 5 min, 80% capacity) 是解決電動(dòng)車?yán)m(xù)駛里程m杰 1 汽20車會(huì)務(wù) 動(dòng)力w. 電池to 研討ev

21、 會(huì)t.Toshiba Super Charge Lithium IonBattery - SCiB Lithium Manganese oxide Spinel cathode - LMO Lithium Titanate Oxide anode LTO Recharge to 90% of full capacity in less than 5 minutes. Excellent safety because of high level anode stability. 6000 cycles of full D.O.D to 90% of initial capacity. Low

22、temperature discharge from -30C. SCIB is currently available on the Schwinn Tailwind electric bike.2.4Voc65 Wh/Kg131 wh/l650 W/Kg1316 W/lhttp:/ of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversityVW&Toshiba1騰wwgep-encom杰 11汽會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en 1stWill dominate the rechargeable market for the near a

23、nd midfuture. 2ndGeneration Li-Ion Chemistries Better performance- Up to 300 Wh/kg with fast recharge.- Wider operating temperature range.- Fast Charging. Improved safety. Reduced cost.鋰空氣電池？Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University下一代鋰離子電池動(dòng)力電池20騰務(wù)w.toevGeneration Li-Ion Chemistr

24、ies 杰 11汽會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研動(dòng)力電池的安全性問題將影響其市場命運(yùn)p- 討會(huì)encoIf it is not safe it will not surviveInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University動(dòng)力電池的安全性問題 20騰務(wù)w.toevt.m杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en鋰離子電池的安全性Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)e

25、nInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University安全性問題引起的損失1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversitySafety cases1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enI

26、nstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversitySafety cases1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en安全性的概念濫用安全性 abuse thermal runaway Mechanical 機(jī)械的 crush, nail penetration 擠壓、針刺 Electrical 電的 short circuit, overcharge 短路、過充 Thermal 熱的 thermal ramp, simulated fire 熱箱、火燒現(xiàn)場安全性 field failure thermal

27、 runaway Manufacturing defects 由制造瑕疵引起 Loose connection, separator damage, foreign debris 連接問題、隔膜損壞、粉塵 Can develop into an internal short circuit 隨機(jī)發(fā)生，引起內(nèi)短路 Can lead to overheating and thermal runaway 引起過熱與熱失控Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)e

28、nInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University濫用安全性1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University現(xiàn)場（隨機(jī)）安全性1騰務(wù)兩種安全性概念的差異杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)現(xiàn)場安全性濫用安全性enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University Predictable 可預(yù)測的 Co

29、mmon to all cells 對每一個(gè)電池 Can/should be evaluatedat the cell level 可以通過測試進(jìn)行評估 Time constants relativelylong 發(fā)生過程較長 Can be augmented byprotection devices 可以通過保護(hù)措施進(jìn)行改善 Not predictable 不可預(yù)測的 One-in-a-million (or less) 隨機(jī)小概率發(fā)生 Difficult to evaluate at thecell level, or through QC 無法通過測試進(jìn)行評估，也不能通過質(zhì)量管理來完全消

30、除 can occur quickly 發(fā)生很突然 PTC, CID, shutdownseparators, electroniccontrols not are effective 目前所有的安全性措施，均不能完全消除鋰離子電池安全隱患1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì) 發(fā)生安全事故的鋰離子電池，之前均通過UL安全認(rèn)證。en 發(fā)生原因基本上是不可預(yù)測的內(nèi)短路所造成。而這種內(nèi)短路似乎是不能完全消除。 引起安全事故的電池在制造時(shí)，均是合格品。 目前濫用安全性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測試結(jié)果，與發(fā)或者不發(fā)生安全性事故，之間沒有任何聯(lián)系。Institute of New Energy Tec

31、hnology, INET, Tsinghua University鋰離子電池安全性1騰務(wù)w. 對于筆記本電腦電池，發(fā)生概率在幾百萬分之一。杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng) Major effort has been payed to improve the ways weww 力電ge 池研address safety in lithium-ion batteries, howeverp- 討會(huì)en 在人們?nèi)绱酥匾曚囯x子電池安全性的今天，嚴(yán)重的安全性問題還時(shí)有發(fā)生。 The battery community does not have adequate teststo evaluate safety

32、 as it relates to the safety incidentsthat have taken place or could take place. 人們還沒有找到合適的方法來預(yù)測和評測這類安全隱患問題 我們在做工作，希望“十二五”結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)問題得到一定程度的解決。Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1鋰離子電池的安全性騰serious safety incidents can always occur. t.務(wù)w.toevcomEnergy Released (J)熱失控的機(jī) 騰會(huì) 1 車杰

33、理務(wù) 動(dòng)力w. 電池to 研討ev 會(huì)t.Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University249.9378292.573.716400.90300200100700600500400Anode/Binder Anode/Solvent SEIDecompnCathodeBreakdownSeparatorOxidnCathodeSolvent Oxdn JouleHeatingCathode鋰離子電池安全性9008000.8 Ah 鈷酸鋰手機(jī)電池201汽wwge826.2 p-encom杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電g

34、e 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University負(fù)極材料的安全性改進(jìn)1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University正極材料1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua UniversityHeat release1騰務(wù)Safety of catho

35、de Materials 杰 會(huì) 1 動(dòng)20騰 汽車ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en隔膜隔膜關(guān)閉的溫度范圍 Strength and physical integrity抗壓機(jī)械強(qiáng)度 Shrinkage allowance熱收縮率Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University影響電池安全性的重要指標(biāo) Shutdown performanc

36、e1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en電解質(zhì)Solvent，non-flamableSalts，high decomposition temperatureAdditives，F(xiàn)lame-RetardantGel electrolyteInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enP(VdF-HFP)凝膠電解質(zhì)在 . m o cInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua Un

37、iversity凝膠電解質(zhì) 凝膠電解質(zhì)的放熱量與放熱速率黃倩，廈門大學(xué)博士論文燃燒過程中的放熱總量非常接近于純液態(tài)電解液體系。并且隨著P(VdF-HFP)在凝膠電解質(zhì)中濃度的增加，其相應(yīng)的熱釋放速率逐漸降低。采用P(VdF-HFP)凝膠電解質(zhì)比液態(tài)電解液更為安全 PMMA凝膠電解質(zhì)體系中，情況卻是相反:其燃燒反應(yīng)的放熱總量和熱釋放速率都隨PMMA的加入而顯著增大。1騰務(wù)w.toevt杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)鋰離子電池的安全性是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問題en 動(dòng)力電池安全性是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)問題。 從單純的電池材料改性（正極、負(fù)極、電解質(zhì)、隔膜）是不能完全解決安全性問題，但可以大幅度

38、地提高。Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University正極材料包覆1騰務(wù)杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en鈷酸鋰包覆磷酸鋁5-10nm AlPO4過充電前過充電后自制安全性手機(jī)電池過充電試驗(yàn)未燃燒、未爆炸。市售品牌電過充電池電芯Institute of New劇烈燃Technology, INET, Tsinghua

39、 UniversityEnergy 燒1騰務(wù)高性能高安全性動(dòng)力電池杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電采用正極材料表面與界面控制技術(shù)、電解質(zhì)添ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en加劑等技術(shù)，制備出高安全性動(dòng)力電池。20V過充150熱箱5小時(shí)以上標(biāo)稱容量12Ah，三元氧化物正極材料。電池比能量大于160wh/kg，比功率大于1200W/kg，Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University安全很好的倍率性能1騰務(wù)目前市售三元?jiǎng)恿﹄姵氐倪^充電杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研 充電到5.2V時(shí)，發(fā)生劇烈燃燒p- 討會(huì)enInstit

40、ute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)目前市售三元?jiǎng)恿﹄姵亟?1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研 充電到4.15V，加熱到120，發(fā)生劇烈燃燒p- 討會(huì)enInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電ge 池研p- 討會(huì)en 動(dòng)力電池的使用壽命與成本 如何評測動(dòng)力電池的使用壽命 現(xiàn)場檢測電池的壽命狀態(tài)（SOH）Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua U

41、niversity鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的使用壽命務(wù)w.20 杰 1 汽 1 騰杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng) PHEV battery likely to deep-cycle each day driven: 15 yrs equates to 4000-5000 deep cyclesw 力 Also need to consider combination of high and low frequency cycling and calendarwlife 電池to 研討ev 會(huì)t.電池循環(huán)壽命70%50%4000Data presented by Christian Rosenkranz (Joh

42、nson Controls) at EVS 20, 2006Institute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University1騰務(wù)gep-encom杰 1 汽會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電52% . p o t e g 池 討 EV-e 會(huì)ntomInstitute of New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University$4,005$2,865$2,919$3,002$1,998$1,992$2,004$2,020$2,079$2,407$2,454$2,433$5,117$8,433$663$-$2

43、,000$4,000$6,000$10,000$8,000$14,000$12,000$18,000$16,000CVHEVPHEV20PHEV40transmissionengine25%電池占電動(dòng)車成本比例Projected Retail Powertrain Costs - Midsize Sedans1) including manufacturer and dealer markups2) all component costs assume projected statuscharger/plugbattery 40%motor/inverter1騰務(wù)w研ve20 60%$663 .c動(dòng)力電池的使用壽命杰 1 汽20會(huì) 車動(dòng)ww 力電 電池的成本占整個(gè)電動(dòng)車成本的2560%。是一個(gè)ge 池研p- 討會(huì)非常重要的零部件。en 車的使用壽命：10-15年 動(dòng)力電池目前的使用壽命是3-7年，LG化學(xué)聲稱可以有10-15年的壽命保證。 因此大幅度地延長動(dòng)力鋰離子電池的使用壽命，使之達(dá)到與電動(dòng)車的壽命相當(dāng)，是目前動(dòng)力鋰離子電池發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題。 需要?jiǎng)恿﹄姵?/p>