1、命題技巧：1.題型歸納:完形填空填的是詞，七選五填的是句子， 但考察重點(diǎn)相似。該題型在新課標(biāo)卷出現(xiàn)以來(lái)均采用說(shuō)明文。2.選材特點(diǎn)： 短文一般為300詞左右的說(shuō)明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240左右，選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)60左右。短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常歸納為：提出問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題，一般不在首句設(shè)空。 3 . 主旨句主旨句 （標(biāo)題類(lèi)，主題句類(lèi)）（標(biāo)題類(lèi)，主題句類(lèi)） 設(shè)空類(lèi)型設(shè)空類(lèi)型 過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)） 細(xì)節(jié)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯細(xì)節(jié)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯 意義）意義） 第1頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)2015年的高考將繼續(xù)以年的高考將繼續(xù)以說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文為為主。主。對(duì)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題的考察為七選五的考查的考察為七選五

2、的考查重點(diǎn)。重點(diǎn)。第2頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)解題步驟：（在高考的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)如果考生用大量的時(shí)間來(lái)徹底讀懂文章的意思其實(shí)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，也是沒(méi)有必要的,我們可以嘗試以下四步走。) 1.先讀先讀文章的開(kāi)始部分文章的開(kāi)始部分，明確文章的基本話題，明確文章的基本話題,然后仔細(xì)然后仔細(xì)閱讀五個(gè)空各自的閱讀五個(gè)空各自的前后前后句句尋找并畫(huà)出尋找并畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞。（一名。（一名(名詞名詞)袋（袋（代詞代詞）鼠（）鼠（數(shù)詞數(shù)詞）很特殊（）很特殊（特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞），），連（連（連詞連詞）蹦（）蹦（動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞）帶跳很彪（）帶跳很彪（標(biāo)點(diǎn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)/標(biāo)題標(biāo)題）悍。）悍。） 2.要對(duì)文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分要對(duì)文章中出

3、現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。可按這幾個(gè)。可按這幾個(gè)原則判斷原文的空與選項(xiàng)是否匹配。原則判斷原文的空與選項(xiàng)是否匹配。 3.一旦確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就要在該選項(xiàng)上做出標(biāo)記（例如一旦確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就要在該選項(xiàng)上做出標(biāo)記（例如可以刪掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力?？梢詣h掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力。 4.將將選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)。第3頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題型解題技巧 (詞匯的銜接或邏輯的銜接)答題技巧：答題技巧：第4頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)1.詞匯的銜接包括：1)詞匯

4、復(fù)現(xiàn) 復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫(xiě)作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。 復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。 第5頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) The scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyOur bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 So they are called diseases of

5、 civilizationMany cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.AStone Age people lived a simple life.BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.CIn that case, they would live much healthier.DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise.EThese new sicknesses were not kn

6、own in ancient times.F People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.GModern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization. sicknessessicknessesE同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)第6頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new f

7、riends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.The following are its advantages.B.However, there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of

8、 us are adapted to studying at school.However?反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)第7頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)2)同范疇詞出現(xiàn)同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。 第8頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need

9、 help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C. Different people fe

10、el stress in different ways E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. 可以相信的人=父母+親戚+朋友（同范疇）F第9頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)3)代詞線索 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無(wú)非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子; these

11、 或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。第10頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.A. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from t

12、ime to time.TheyA第11頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 72 72 .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._7373_E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.G.

13、Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. GE第12頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 過(guò)渡性句子可以從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷可分為： A, 并列關(guān)系：First(ly),Second(ly),；First, then/next；In the first place， in the second place;for one thing, for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。 B, 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore

14、,moreover ,whats more , in addition , as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。 C, 解釋例證關(guān)系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等 D, 因果關(guān)系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(結(jié)果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so th

15、at .等 E, 轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 F, 概況歸納關(guān)系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to

16、sum up 等2.邏輯關(guān)系的銜接邏輯關(guān)系的銜接第13頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)B. There are three practical note-taking methods. A. You must write your notes on separate paper. C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. _ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when

17、you are studying for a test.C第14頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)題解題技巧第15頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)根據(jù)試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略 1)如果問(wèn)題在段首如果問(wèn)題在段首 通常是段落主題句。通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。題。2)如果問(wèn)題在段尾如果問(wèn)題在段尾 通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如表示結(jié)果、結(jié)

18、論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。第16頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)（2010新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷）+ 73_+ When a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.+ A.Show y

19、our true interest.+ B.Restate the question with respect .+ C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.(2011遼寧卷）+ Go for a walk.+ Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chem

20、icals that are good for your brain . _ 74_+ A. This can be especially harmful to the aged.+ B. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading .+ C. In other words ,when you take care of your body ,you take care of your brain .AC第17頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)備考戰(zhàn)略： 注重實(shí)效。閱讀時(shí)不僅要注意文章的細(xì)節(jié)，更應(yīng)該注意文章的布局。 注意命題陷阱。切忌當(dāng)同樣的詞，同樣的名字或同樣

21、的日期都在語(yǔ)文或節(jié)選段落中出現(xiàn)，就認(rèn)為它們是正確的選項(xiàng)，一定要符合邏輯，確保文章內(nèi)容嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 注重速度。進(jìn)行限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)觀念，不可拖沓。 將近幾年高考題進(jìn)行分析，重點(diǎn)分析結(jié)構(gòu)清晰分明的說(shuō)明文和議論文。第18頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)一經(jīng)驗(yàn)一：前瞻后顧，尋找：前瞻后顧，尋找信號(hào)詞信號(hào)詞，回，回到選擇項(xiàng)中篩選。到選擇項(xiàng)中篩選。 (復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn))經(jīng)驗(yàn)二經(jīng)驗(yàn)二：濃縮句意，意義匹配，整體把：濃縮句意，意義匹配，整體把握。握。 (同義同義)經(jīng)驗(yàn)三經(jīng)驗(yàn)三：以段落為單位梳理文章脈絡(luò)：以段落為單位梳理文章脈絡(luò),留留意文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)意文章的起承轉(zhuǎn). (邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu)) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享第19頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)三、總結(jié)：三、總結(jié)： 主

22、旨大意把握好，讀懂選項(xiàng)更重要主旨大意把握好，讀懂選項(xiàng)更重要 關(guān)鍵信息相匹配，核查排除不可少關(guān)鍵信息相匹配，核查排除不可少第20頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where

23、the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37. Its understandable, but if youre wil

24、ling to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. （幸福）A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in

25、 someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.BEA第21頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)