1、Unit 13We are trying to save the earth.Grammar Focus-4c1.聽說聽說2.一整只鯊魚一整只鯊魚3.每次每次4.一碗魚翅羹一碗魚翅羹5.切掉切掉6.扔回扔回7.不僅不僅.而且而且.8.對環(huán)境有害對環(huán)境有害9.沒有魚鰭沒有魚鰭10.不再不再11.慢慢死去慢慢死去12.在海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物鏈的頂端在海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物鏈的頂端13.給所有的海洋生物帶來危險(xiǎn)給所有的海洋生物帶來危險(xiǎn)14.瀕臨滅絕瀕臨滅絕1.hear of2.a whole shark3.each time4.a bowl of shark fin soup5.cut off6.throw

2、back into7.not only. but also.8.be harmful to9.without fin10. no longer11. slowly die12. at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem13. bring danger to all ocean life14. be endangered15.事實(shí)上事實(shí)上16.被捕殺和交易被捕殺和交易17.的數(shù)量的數(shù)量18.某些品種某些品種19.在過去的在過去的20到到30年年20.環(huán)境保護(hù)組織環(huán)境保護(hù)組織21.比如比如22.立法立法23.的銷售的銷售24.到目前為

3、止到目前為止25.幫助拯救鯊魚。幫助拯救鯊魚。15.in fact16.be caught and traded17.the number(s) of18.some kinds of19.in the last 20 to 30 years20.environmental protection groups21.such as22.develop laws23.the sale of24.so far25.Help save the sharks!重點(diǎn)單詞 1. afford v. 承擔(dān)得起；承擔(dān)得起； 2. recycle v. 回收利用；回收利用； 3. reusable adj. 可重復(fù)

4、使用的；可重復(fù)使用的； 4. transportation n. 運(yùn)輸業(yè)；運(yùn)輸業(yè)；重點(diǎn)詞組 1. take part in 參加參加 2. cant afford to do sth 負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事 3. take action 采取行動(dòng)采取行動(dòng) 4. turn off 關(guān)掉關(guān)掉 5. pay for付費(fèi)付費(fèi) 6. add up累加累加 7. use public transportation根據(jù)漢語提示完成單詞。 1. The shoes are so expensive that I cant afford (買得起）them. 2. We should use reusab

5、le (可重復(fù)使用的）chopsticks when we eat outside. 3. What do you think of the transportation(交通）in China? 4. The Spring Festival is considered(認(rèn)為是）the most important festival in China. 5. We can save electricity(電）by turning off the lights when we leave a room.Pay attention to the sentences.1. Were trying

6、to save the earth.2. The river used to be so clean.3. The air is badly polluted.4. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5. We should help save the sharks.Present progressiveused toPassive voicePresent perfectModal verbsWe are trying to save the earth.Present progressi

7、veThe river used to be so clean.used to The air is badly polluted.Passive voiceNo scientific studies have shown that sharks fins are good for health.Present perferctWe should save the sharks.Model verbsGrammar Focus現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）含義：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）含義：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 （2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：）基本結(jié)構(gòu)

8、： am/ is/are + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（3）標(biāo)志詞：）標(biāo)志詞：now, right now, Look, Listen at present, this week, these days（4）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing。如：。如：go-going。以不發(fā)音的字母以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e加加-ing。如：如： have-having。以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)字一個(gè)字 母，再加母，再加-ing。如：。如：stop-stopping。What a

9、fine day today! Look! What are they doing?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）含義：）含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去。（2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + 過去分詞過去分詞（3）標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, ever, never, once, twice, recently, so far, for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，從句， in

10、the past + 時(shí)間名詞，時(shí)間名詞， in the last +時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間名詞。（4）過去分詞的構(gòu)成：）過去分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。如：。如：work-worked。以以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加-d。如：。如：close-closed。以輔音字母以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為改為i再加再加ed。如：如：study-studied。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加字母再加-ed。如：。如：stop-stopped。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：AA

11、A型；型；AAB型；型；ABA型；型；ABB型；型；ABC型。型。 Complete the following sentences.1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.2. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.have beenhaveheard has worked4. The twins _ (wash) the clothes for an hour.5. He _ (play) basketball since three

12、years ago.6. How long _ Sally _ (sing) yet?have washedhas playedhassung被動(dòng)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Passive voice定義：定義：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行 為動(dòng)作的對象的一種語態(tài)。為動(dòng)作的對象的一種語態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：be + 過去分詞過去分詞e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了8種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：（1）一般

13、現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：am / is / are + 過去分詞過去分詞（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式： have / has + been + 過去分詞過去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：am/ is/ are + being + 過去分詞過去分詞（4）一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was / were + 過去分詞過去分詞（5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was / were + being + 過去分詞過去分詞（6）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：had + been + 過去分詞過去分詞（7）一般將來

14、時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：）一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：will / be going to be+ 過去分詞過去分詞（8）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義, 表示說表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣, 但不能單但不能單獨(dú)作謂語獨(dú)作謂語, 只能與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語只能與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語。常見的有常見的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人

15、稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, 后接動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式形式。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式形式, 可用來可用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣。表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

16、表示說話人對某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，如認(rèn)為如認(rèn)為“可能可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)當(dāng)”、“必要必要”等。等。 can/could能夠；能夠； may/might可能、可以；可能、可以； would愿意、將要；愿意、將要； shall將（第一人稱）；將（第一人稱）； should應(yīng)該；應(yīng)該； must必須必須 need需要；需要； have to 不得不；不得不；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還可以表示推測：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還可以表示推測： 肯定推測，肯定推測， 不定推測，不定推測， 否定推測否定推測情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)1.- _ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone n

17、umber. - Sure. Here it is. A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must2. - May I go to the cinema, Mum? - Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock. A.can B.may C.must D. need3. you _ worry about me. Its nothing serious. A.cant B.mustnt C. neednt D. wont4. - Excause me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -

18、 Sorry, Im not sure. but it _ be. A.might B.mustnt C.cant D.must5. The man in the office _ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now. A.musnt B.may not C.cant D.needntused to 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)used to意為意為“過去常常做某事過去常常做某事”，指的是過去，指的是過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，目的在于與現(xiàn)在形成對照。的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，目的在于與現(xiàn)在形成對照。used to是個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其中的是個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其中的to是不定式符號(hào)，是不定式符號(hào)，

19、后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。在美式英語中在美式英語中：它的疑問式是：它的疑問式是：Did 主語主語use to do sth否定式是：主語否定式是：主語didnt useused to do sth. 表示過去常常做某事表示過去常常做某事, 而而現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在往往不做了往往不做了, 后接動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形原形。be used to doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣于做某表示習(xí)慣于做某事事e.g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.used to do與與be u

20、sed to doinguse to 練習(xí)練習(xí)A 她過去常常周末和朋友閑逛。她過去常常周末和朋友閑逛。She _ with friends on weekds.B 他習(xí)慣于每晚睡得很晚。他習(xí)慣于每晚睡得很晚。 He _ at night.C. Ken used to be afraid of dogs.(改為一般疑改為一般疑問句問句)_? used to hang outis used to sleeping late/ staying upDid Ken use to be afraid of dogs4aFill in the blanks with the correct forms o

21、f the verbs in brackets.Joe: _ you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project ?Eric: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city _ ever _ (have).Have takenhelpedconsideredhadhad參加參加辨析：辨析：join, join in 和和take part in tojoin加入組織

22、，團(tuán)體，黨派等，有加入組織，團(tuán)體，黨派等，有作為其中的一個(gè)成員的含義作為其中的一個(gè)成員的含義;后面也可以加表示人的名詞，后面也可以加表示人的名詞，表示和某人一起參加某活動(dòng)表示和某人一起參加某活動(dòng)join in 加入一種具體活動(dòng)。加入一種具體活動(dòng)。take aprt in指參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)等，指參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)等，著重說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活著重說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)并在活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用。動(dòng)并在活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用。Joe: How many people _ (take) part?Eric: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _ (come) to hel

23、p out.Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment.Eric: Yes, we cant afford to _ (wait) any longer to take action!tookthinkcametryingwaitv. 承擔(dān)得起承擔(dān)得起( (后果后果) ); 買得起買得起4bFill in the blanks with the appropriatemodal verbs from the box.People _ think that bi

24、g things_ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _ savemay/mightmustcancan would couldhave to should mustmay/ mightelectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I thi

25、nk its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these couldhave to can/shouldcan/could關(guān)掉關(guān)掉adj.可重復(fù)使用可重復(fù)使用的的付費(fèi)付費(fèi);付出代價(jià)付出代價(jià)small things _ add up and become big things that

26、_ improve the environment. Lets take action now!couldwould/can采取行動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)4cMake a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.use public transportation (n.交通運(yùn)輸交通運(yùn)輸);turn off the lights when you leave a room;use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;

27、ride your bike or walk to school or work;stop using paper napkins(餐巾紙餐巾紙);recycle books and paper Discussing.4 4c cuse public transportationtake your own shopping bags when go shoppingreduce the use of air conditioners in summerturn off the lights when you leave the roomgrow more plants.重點(diǎn)句式 1.It wa

28、s considered the biggest clean-up project this city had ever had. 這被認(rèn)為是這個(gè)城市曾經(jīng)開展的一次最大幅度的清理活動(dòng)。這被認(rèn)為是這個(gè)城市曾經(jīng)開展的一次最大幅度的清理活動(dòng)。 2.We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! 我們不能再等待更長的時(shí)間來采取行動(dòng)！我們不能再等待更長的時(shí)間來采取行動(dòng)！ 3.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. 許多人忘記了拯救地球要從小事做起。許多人忘記了拯救地球要從小事做起。 4. And instead of driving to school or work, you could ride your bike or walk.你可以騎自行車或步行上學(xué)或上班，而不是開車。你可以騎自行車或步行上學(xué)或上班，而不是開車。I. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees