1、高考七選五解題策略高考七選五解題策略理清句際關(guān)系、把握語脈理清句際關(guān)系、把握語脈教學(xué)背景 河南省高考英語試卷于2011年采用全國新課標(biāo)試卷，這套試卷與之前的最大不同在于新增了七選五模式的閱讀填空，要求從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。此類試題的特點(diǎn)是文中的句與句之間存在著嚴(yán)密的邏輯聯(lián)系，所設(shè)的空白處與前后句之間有著某種邏輯聯(lián)系，需要考生對字里行間的含義有深刻的理解。這類題目的解答，簡單的可以通過某句或某段細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理，而復(fù)雜的常要求在全文的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括并推理。對考生而言這是一道偏難的題目。教學(xué)設(shè)計教學(xué)思路：按照思維的邏輯，從句子，段落再到篇章順序

2、，有易向難推進(jìn)。幫助學(xué)生體驗(yàn)歸納語句邏輯關(guān)系，嘗試使用句際關(guān)系選出最佳選項(xiàng)。課堂活動以學(xué)生個體閱讀體驗(yàn)、分組討論及相互討論為主。借助PPT展示句際關(guān)系，推理依據(jù)，推理過程及推理結(jié)果。組卷網(wǎng) 教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 通過這一節(jié)40分鐘的課幫助學(xué)生 （1）體驗(yàn)歸納句際關(guān)系 （2）將體驗(yàn)歸納的句際關(guān)系在閱讀實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： （1）體驗(yàn)歸納句際關(guān)系（2）句際關(guān)系在閱讀實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用句際關(guān)系解答七選五。教學(xué)過程 Lead-in Use questions lead students to think about the relations between sentences. Do

3、 we speak logically? When some one make a speech , is it necessary to be logically?Think about ：句子與句子之間的關(guān)系有哪些？Relations between sentences如何理清句際關(guān)系？解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系是指后面的句子對前面的句子作解釋（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新意）、例證（舉例說明）、是意思更加明了，具體。 如: what are you interested in? Pets ,clothes ,Pop music, or dancing groups ,sports ,ma

4、king things? 順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系指各句子只能按事物發(fā)展的過程有先而后的順序排列，不可隨意改變次序，通常出現(xiàn)于記敘文或描述固定的操作程序的說明文中。 如：Next you need some friends to be in your club with you . Then , you need to pick a name for your club.常用的連接詞有：first, next , then two years ago ,later, after that finally etc. 平列關(guān)系平列關(guān)系指句與句之間處于平等并列的地位，互不相屬，而只是組合在一起共同說明一個問

5、題，可以改變次序。 如：the first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. 常見的連接詞有first，second third firstly secondly thirdly for one thing for another,etc.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系是一種固定的順序關(guān)系，但又不同于順序關(guān)系，它是按語義的輕重認(rèn)識的深淺做由輕到重、由淺入深的排列。 如：Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the thin

6、gs that make you happy .It is also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.常用的連接詞有：also, further, further more, besides, in addition , whats more , not only.but also, etc.因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系是指句與句之間存在前因后果或前果后因的關(guān)系。 如：Once a habit is formed , it is difficult , and sometimes impossib

7、le , to get rid of . It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits.常見的連接詞有，so ,because , since , as a result, therefore, hence, thus , consequently, etc. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系是指句與句之間存在意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，通常表達(dá)對比或?qū)φ盏囊馑肌?如：Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But peopl

8、e used to use all kinds of things as money. 常用的連接詞有：however， but , yet , nevertheless, still, whatever, whoever , whereas, on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison, instead , otherwise, etc.總分關(guān)系總分關(guān)系是指前面的句子陳述兩個或兩個以上的對象，后面的句子緊接著分別對它們加以說明。 如：Different countries have used different metals and designs

9、 for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money .第二三句與第一句之間構(gòu)成總分關(guān)系。 注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)：各個句子之間有時可以包含一種以上的句際關(guān)系，比如，總分關(guān)系也是一種解釋關(guān)系，遞進(jìn)關(guān)系也是一種順序關(guān)系。分析句際關(guān)系分析句際關(guān)系（一）分析以下七組句子之間的關(guān)系（一）分析以下七組句子之間的關(guān)系 1. Later the information was translated into the action memory

10、 area in the bears brain . Then it was released by means of electric power._關(guān)系 2. When the length of its branch , the Missouri, is added to it , the Mississippi becomes greater. Therefore , as we all know , it is the third longest river in the world. _關(guān)系 3. Data can make our life easier and more com

11、fortable .What is more important ,data seem to be fairer than words or statements ._關(guān)系 4. And it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing. _關(guān)系 5. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by d

12、ata . For example , the degree of your feeling happy in your life , the depth of love between you and your friends ,and the faith you have in your country._關(guān)系 6. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees . On the Celsius scale wa

13、ter freezes at zero degrees and boils at 100 degrees ._關(guān)系。 7. They speak French , mixed with English , Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms . They keep to themselves , fanning the rich soil of the delta _關(guān)系。（二）分析以下語篇，理清句際（二）分析以下語篇，理清句際關(guān)系關(guān)系 （1）Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you t

14、o become a better student in several ways. (2) First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. (3) Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. (4) Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time

15、and helps you to hold your interest. (5) You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a text book or doing research for a report. (6) You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes . (7) Whenever or however you take notes , keep in mind that note-taking

16、is a selective process. (8) That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. (9) The following methods may work best for you. (10) Read the text quickly and find the main facts and ideas in it. (11) Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main poi

17、nts and supporting facts. (12) Write your notes in your own words. (13) Use words ,not complete sentences. (14) Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. (15) As you take notes , you may want to use your own shorthand(速記). (16) When you do ,be sure that you understand your symbols and that you us