1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)/復(fù)習(xí)講義虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義05【精講版全國(guó)通用】虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本概念和類(lèi)型知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（含錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句簡(jiǎn)介）英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本概念和類(lèi)型一、英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本概念英語(yǔ)有三種語(yǔ)氣，即陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。陳述語(yǔ)氣用于陳述事實(shí)、提出看法或問(wèn)題等，祈使語(yǔ)氣用于表示請(qǐng)求、命令或警告等，虛擬語(yǔ)氣則表示假想或主觀愿望：He was nice to us.他對(duì)我們很友好。(陳述語(yǔ)氣)Dont be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。(祈使語(yǔ)氣)It is important that he work hard.他用功是很重要的。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)If

2、 he had apologized, you should have done so too.如果他道歉了，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)狼浮?虛擬語(yǔ)氣)二、英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本類(lèi)型1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If she were trying harder, her parents wouldnt be so anxious.如果她現(xiàn)在更用功些，她的父母也不會(huì)這么憂慮了。(可惜他并不用功)If I knew her number I could ring her up.要

3、是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道)2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+過(guò)去分詞)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞”。如：If Id seen you, Id have said hello.如果我看見(jiàn)你了，我會(huì)和你打招呼的。(不巧我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你)If they had invited him to the party, he would have attended it.如果他們邀請(qǐng)了他參加晚會(huì)，他是會(huì)參加的。(但他們沒(méi)邀請(qǐng)他)3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反若與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用

4、過(guò)去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right.如果你將來(lái)成功了，一切都會(huì)好的。（但你還沒(méi)有成功）If I asked him, Im sure hed help us.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會(huì)幫助我們。(不過(guò)我不打算這樣做)含蓄虛擬條件句所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語(yǔ)中的一類(lèi)條件句，比如將條件隱含在不定式短語(yǔ)中，將條件隱含在分詞短語(yǔ)中，將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中，將條件隱含在名詞短語(yǔ)中，將條件隱含在某些連詞

5、(如or, or else, otherwise等)中，將條件隱含在定語(yǔ)從句中，將條件隱含在一定的上下文中，等等。如：To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you)Failing this time, what would you do？假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed this time, what)Without air, no one could live.沒(méi)有空氣，人就不能活。(=If

6、there were no air, no one could live.)A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不會(huì)背棄我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him.我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Anyone who had seen that painting m

7、ight have taken it for a photo.凡是看過(guò)那畫(huà)的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long)1.將條件隱含在不定式短語(yǔ)中I should be happy to go with you.如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。(=I should be h

8、appy if I could go with you.)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you have studied harder, you)2.將條件隱含在分詞短語(yǔ)中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he )Failing this time, what would you

9、do？假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed dthis time, what)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified.要一個(gè)人單獨(dú)在黑暗中走，瑪麗會(huì)感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3.將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中Without air, no one could live.沒(méi)有空氣，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)But for his help, he would have failed.要不是

10、有他的幫助，他就會(huì)失敗了。(=It it hadnt been for his help, he would have failed.)4.將條件隱含在名詞短語(yǔ)中A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不會(huì)背棄我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你就見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier

11、, you)5.將條件隱含在某些連詞中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him.我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了，不然我就會(huì)同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6.將條件隱含在定語(yǔ)從句中Anyone who had see

12、n that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看過(guò)那畫(huà)的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)7.將條件隱含在一定的上下文中Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句什么叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句？所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間

13、不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類(lèi)型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過(guò)雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會(huì)是濕的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。注：條件從句用if I were時(shí)，既可指現(xiàn)在也可指過(guò)去。如：If I were you, I would go.假若我是你，我就去。If I were not busy, I would have come.假若我不忙，我早就來(lái)了。也可用if I had been you也表示過(guò)去。如：If I had been you，Id have taken the job.我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類(lèi)型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble