1、英語：16Stories學(xué)案-lessen3Life Stories（北師大版選修 6）. Backgroundinformation-Introduction to Helen KellerIf Helen Keller were to shake hands with you today and then meet you and shake hands again fiveyears later, she would remember you.Mark Twain once said, “The two most interesting characters of the ninetee

2、nth century are Napoleonand Helen Keller.” When Mark Twain said that, Helen Keller was only fifteen years old. Today she stillremains one of themost interesting characters of thetwentieth century.In 1882 ababy girl caught a fever that was so fierceshenearly died. Shesurvived but the fever leftits ma

3、rk shecould no longer seeor hear. Because shecould not hear shealso found it very difficult tospeak.So how did this child, blinded and deafened at 19 months old, grow up to becomea world-famousauthor and public speaker?Thefever cut her off from theoutsideworld, depriving her of sight and sound. It w

4、as as if she hadbeen thrown into a dark prison cell from which therecould be no release.Luckily Helen was not someonewho gave up easily. Soon shebegan to explore the world by usingher other senses. Shefollowed her mother wherever shewent, hanging onto her skirts; shetouched andsmelled everything she

5、 cameacross. Shecopied their actions and was soon able to do certain jobs herself,like milking thecows or kneading dough, sheeven learnt to recognize people by feeling their faces ortheir clothes. Shecould also tell whereshewas in the garden by thesmell of the different plants and thefeel of thegrou

6、nd under her feet.By theage of seven shehad invented over 60 different signs by which shecould talk to her family,If shewanted bread for example, shewould pretend to cut a loaf and butter the slices. If shewanted icecream shewrapped her arms around herself and pretended to shiver.Helen was unusualin

7、 that shewas extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive. By her ownefforts shehad managed to make somesenseof an alien and confusing world. But even so she hadlimitations.At theage of five Helen began to realize shewas different from other people. Shenoticed that herfamily did not usesigns

8、like shedid but talked with their mouths. Sometimes shestood between twopeople and touched their lips. Shecould not understand what they said and she could not makeanymeaningful sounds herself. Shewanted to talk but no matter how shetried she could not makeherselfunderstood. This makeher so angry th

9、at she used to hurl herself around the room, kicking and screamingin frustration.As shegot older her frustration grew and her rages becameworseand worse. Shebecamewild andunruly. If shedidnt get what shewanted shewould throw tantrums untilher family gave in. Her favoritetricks included grabbing othe

10、r peoples food from their plates and hurling fragile objects to thefloor. Oncesheeven managed to lock her mother into the pantry. Eventually it becameclear that something had to bedone. So, just beforeher seventh birthday, the family hired a private tutor Anne Sullivan.Anne was carefulto teach Helen

11、 especially thosesubjects in which shewas interested.As a resultHelen becamegentler and she soon learnt to read and writein Braille. She also learnt to read peoples lipsby pressing her finger-tips against them and feeling the movement and vibrations. This method is calledTadomaand it is a skill that

12、 very, very few people manage to acquire. She also learnt to speak, amajorachievement for someonewho could not hear at all.Helen proved to bea remarkable scholar, graduating with honors from Radcliff College in 1904. Shehad phenomenal powers of concentration and memory, as well as a dogged determina

13、tion to succeed.While shewas still at college shewroteTheStory of My Life. This was an immediate success andearned her enough money to buy her own house.She toured thecountry, giving lectureafter lecture. Many books werewritten about her and severalplays and films weremade about her life. Eventually

14、 she becameso famous that shewas invited abroadand received many honors from foreign universities and monarchs. In 1932 shebecamea vice-presidentof the Royal National Institute for theBlind in the United Kingdom.After her death in 1968 an organization was set up in her name to combat blindness in th

15、edeveloping world. Today that agency, Helen Keller International, is oneof the biggest organizationsworking with blind people overseas.堅強的海倫 凱勒1882 年，一名女嬰因高發(fā)燒差點喪命。她雖幸免于難，但發(fā)燒給她留下了后遺癥 她再也看不見、聽不見。因為聽不見，她想講話也變得很困難。那么這樣一個在 19 個月時就既盲又聾的孩子，是如何成長為享譽世界的作家和演說家的呢？高燒將她與外界隔開，使她失去了視力和聲音。她仿佛置身在黑暗的牢籠中無法擺脫。萬幸的是海倫并不是

16、個輕易認(rèn)輸?shù)娜?。不久她就開始利用其它的感官來探查這個世界了。她跟著母親，拉著母親的衣角，形影不離。她去觸摸，去嗅各種她碰到的物品。她模仿別人的動作且很快就能自己做一些事情，例如擠牛奶或揉面。她甚至學(xué)會靠摸別人的臉或衣服來識別對方。她還能靠聞不同的植物和觸摸地面來辨別自己在花園的位置。七歲的時候她發(fā)明了 60 多種不同的手勢，靠此得以和家里人交流。比如她若想要面包，就會做出切面包和涂黃油的動作。想要冰淇淋時她會用手裹住自己裝出發(fā)抖的樣子。海倫在這方面非比一般，她絕頂?shù)穆斆饔窒喈?dāng)敏感。通過努力她對這個陌生且迷惑的世界有了一些知識。但她仍有一些有足。海倫五歲時開始意識到她與別人不同。她發(fā)現(xiàn)家里的其他

17、人不用象她那樣做手勢而是用嘴交談。有時她站在兩人中間觸摸他們的嘴唇。她不知道他們在說什么，而她自己不能發(fā)出帶有含義的聲音。她想講話，可無論費多大的勁兒也無法使別人明白自己。這使她異常懊惱以至于常常在屋子里亂跑亂撞，灰心地又踢又喊。隨著年齡的增長她的怒氣越為越大。她變得狂野不馴。倘若她得不到想要的東西就會大發(fā)脾氣直到家人順從。她慣用的手段包括抓別人盤里的食物以及將易碎的東西猛扔在地。有一次她甚至將母親鎖在廚房里。這樣一來就得想個辦法了。于是，在她快到七歲生日時，家里便雇了一名家庭教師 安尼 沙利文。安尼悉心地教授海倫，特別是她感興趣的東西。這樣海倫變得溫和了而且很快學(xué)會了用布萊葉盲文朗讀和寫作。

18、靠用手指接觸說話人的嘴唇去感受運動和震動，她又學(xué)會了觸唇意識。這種方法被稱作泰德馬，是一種很少有人掌握的技能。她也學(xué)會了講話，這對失聰?shù)娜藖碚f是個巨大的成就。海倫證明了自己是個出色的學(xué)者，1904 年她以優(yōu)異的成績從拉德克利夫?qū)W院畢業(yè)。她有驚人的注意力和記憶力，同時她還具有不達(dá)目的誓不罷休的毅力。上大學(xué)時她就寫了我的生命。這使她取得了巨大的成功從而有能力為自己購買一套住房。她周游全國，不斷地舉行講座。她的事跡為許多人著書立說而且還上演了關(guān)于她的生平的戲劇和電影。最終她聲名顯赫，應(yīng)邀出國并受到外國大學(xué)和國王授予的榮譽。1932 年，她成為英國皇家國立盲人學(xué)院的副校長。1968 年她去世后，一個以她的名字命名的組織建立起來，該組織旨在與發(fā)展中國家存在的失明缺陷做斗爭。如今這所機構(gòu)，“國際海倫 凱勒”，是海外向盲人提供幫助的最大組織之一。. Language points1. finally, the world of words was opening up to her.open up 打開，張開You can open up the box now.Theflowers slowly opened up in the warmth of thesun.2. Now that Helen understood the key to lan