1、BOM管理與工變管理大葉大學產品資訊管理課程課程第六週.回顧E-BOM名詞解釋E-BOMPart MasterComponentAssemblyAssembly structureAlternative PartSubstitutes PartViewBOM ExpansionSupplierCPCCMProduct structure management回顧What is a BOM?The bill of materials (BOM) is the framework to capture and organize product data.Read the Article from

2、BOM回顧What is a BOM?The BOM is a list of each part needed to create a finished product . In real-world usage,however, the BOM is a complex collection of individual pieces of information and the relationships between them.The BOM is also a vendor list that specifies how huge sums of money are spent.回顧

3、What is a BOM?A Product Structure is a division of parts into assemblies and components creating a hierarchical relationshipAssm1A1usesisForAssm2A1Comp1A1Assm1A1supBy弘光實業(yè)回顧What is a BOM?料號結構資訊料號組成或構成描畫資訊實體零件的描畫資訊設定變化的基準結構有效性日期有效性批量有效性回顧What is a BOM?Engineering BOM Capture and ManagementBicycleSeatS

4、eatPostSteeringSystemFrameDriveSystemDecalHandleBarFrontWheelForkChainCrankPedal日期有效性生效日期:2002/10/10失效日期:2002/12/10回顧What is a BOM?料號結構資訊料號組成或構成描畫資訊實體零件的描畫資訊回顧What is a BOM?P-A結構資訊P-B結構資訊P-B結構資訊P-D日期有效性生效日期:2002/10/10失效日期:2002/12/10日期有效性生效日期:2002/12/10失效日期:2003/1/10日期有效性生效日期:2002/11/3失效日期:2003/1/10圖

5、示有效性的操作展開設定以目前的日期進行展開回顧What is a BOM?圖示有效性的操作P-A結構資訊P-B結構資訊P-B結構資訊P-D日期有效性生效日期:2002/10/10失效日期:2002/12/10日期有效性生效日期:2002/12/10失效日期:2003/1/10日期有效性生效日期:2002/11/3失效日期:2003/1/10P-AP-B日期有效性If now=2002/12/7 Then回顧Part & Supplier?弘光實業(yè)Assm1A1supByStart Point of CPCCowBoysupByPart Master & Supplier回顧Part & Sup

6、plier?弘光實業(yè)CowBoyAssm-AA1Assm-AB1拹同研發(fā)回顧Part & Supplier?(CPC)弘光實業(yè)P-AP-BP-CP-DA實業(yè)B實業(yè)C實業(yè)Information sharing/transportationDocument managementProject managementChange managementAll across the EnterpriseboundaryBOM active showbomEXPRESS BOM Management with Excel工變管理Show the flash movie工變管理工變管理的緣起同義名詞工變定義工

7、變的重要性工變執(zhí)行方式ECM範疇ECM系統(tǒng)效益工變管理的緣起Changes to a product occur frequently in high tech engineering environments, where initial product designs are often continuously evolving prototypes, and in environments facing technological advances, changes in consumer demand, and fluctuations in the availability of

8、components and raw materials.工變管理的緣起Whenever a company creates a product, it has to be defined and its definition will need to be kept up to date as changes take place.Changes to technical products are unavoidable and an essential part of every overall product development process. Effective change m

9、anagement ensures that technical requirements are clearly defined, documented and controlled throughout the product life cycle. 同義名詞EC - engineering changeECB - engineering change boardECC - engineering change controlECN - engineering change notification, engineering change noticeECO - engineering c

10、hange orderECP - engineering change proposal,engineering change packageECR - engineering change request工變定義Engineering change control refers to the process of controlling how an item is built. It is controlled by a function that assures that the process of product evolution is done smoothly and with

11、 proper authorization.工變定義Engineering change management refers to the process of assigning numbers to the various changes in a product.工變定義Our engineering change process provides flexibility without compromising careful control of the manufacturing process. Its centered on the engineering change not

12、ice (ECN). An ECN must be entered, approved, implemented and tracked for all changes. ECNs may be implemented immediately, or at a future date.工變定義All companies have to make changes to existing products and to products under development to meet customer requirements. Engineering changes allow us to

13、manage these changes efficiently without interrupting production of existing products. They allow product and process information such as models, drawings, BOMs and NC programs to be updated and activated according to a user defined schedule.工變定義Engineering change - an orderly process for evolving t

14、he design of a product.爲何會有工變Customers always have problems and new requirementsDesign engineers want to improve functionalityPurchasing finds new suppliersMarketing and sales want lots of new and modified productsProduction implements continuous improvement爲何會有工變Installation staff give input on wha

15、t is really important in the fieldCustomer service collects application problems and expects quick fixesManufacturing engineering wants to reduce costsRegulatory authorities constantly change the rulesRegulatory authorities管理單位(政府機關)工變的重要性 Engineering changes have to be implemented with minimum effo

16、rt and cost while providing maximum benefits and quality. Changes have to be made as fast as possible because our customers want upgraded product as soon as possible.工變的重要性Effective Engineering Change Managementeliminates problems that arise from people not using the latest version of a document eli

17、minates problems caused by unauthorized changes to documents by forcing users through a formal change procedure eliminates risk by ensuring appropriate people know of changes from receiving up to date and complete information gives full traceability of all documentation and relationships工變的重要性Respon

18、d to customer needs faster than competitors 競爭力的來源Improve time to market Be sure you are working with the latest information 對工程人員來說Manage complex and compound documents and drawings Be sure the teams information is up to date and easy to find 工變的重要性Keep up to date with changing specifications and r

19、equirements 對客戶而言Share accurate, up to date information with a geographically dispersed team目前最需求達成的 Manage all information including off-line and paper documents 工變的重要性Do change impact analysis as far down as tooling and manufacturing process costs 透過程序的執(zhí)行直達最底層Inform off-site team members instantly

20、 of changes NotificationCommunicate effectively and accurately with downstream users 工變的重要性Communicate last minute changes to team members Link changes to databases for instant updating Preview the impact of engineering changes Drive down review and approval cycle times Monitor change approval and i

21、mplementation progress Know the status of all change orders 工變的重要性Reduce change cycle time Track a large volume of changes Manage and control product revisions Manage as designed versus as changed Find out about the history of past changes Find out about planned engineering changes工變執(zhí)行方式 Three steps

22、: Draw a line through the old information and write in the new information. Date and sign. Record the effective date for the change in the change book. On the effective date remove the old documents from production and replace them with the modified documents.較不重要的變更處理方式追求時效工變執(zhí)行方式 Four steps: Clarif

23、y the problem and the proposed change Search for solutions Select the best solution Implement the change工變執(zhí)行方式 Five steps: Establish ECRAnalyze ECR Approve / release ECP/ECO Plan Execute ECO Track ECO 普通常見的EC方式工變執(zhí)行方式Seven steps:Review change, and establish its impact on data Estimate the project and

24、 financial implications Approve execution of change Change data at the highest level, progressively increasing the level of detail 工變執(zhí)行方式Seven steps:Identify all affected released documents and transmitted data files that require modification Schedule and perform the change to all derived data Relea

25、se the changes工變執(zhí)行方式Nine steps: Prepare change proposal Approve change proposal Authorize impact analysis prepare impact analysis Authorize change order Prepare change orderPerform signoffs Approve change order工變執(zhí)行方式Nineteen steps: Fill in the ECR form Send the ECR to the technical services departme

26、nt Assign a number to the ECR Send the ECR to the appropriate department Review problem, identify causes, evaluate solutions, propose effective date Send ECR to the technical documentation group 工變執(zhí)行方式Ensure that the latest revision of all documentation is available Make an ECR package Send a copy o

27、f the ECR package to each engineering change board (ECB) member Review the proposed change and investigate impact Schedule an ECB meeting Review all aspects of the ECR Agree effective date 工變執(zhí)行方式Sign the ECR Send the ECO to the technical documentation group Update documentation Make copies Distribut

28、e copies File ECO變更範疇Just solve my problemChange the documentRespond quickly to marketingLook after the changes in this customers requirementsSolve all our problems 小大ECM系統(tǒng)效益Well reduce the cycle time for engineering changesWe can reduce the costs of change managementWell get the benefits of electro

29、nic change information flowECM系統(tǒng)效益Well get better status information on our changesWell be able to make sure the best change process is followedWell improve engineering change resource utilization and co-ordinationECM系統(tǒng)效益Well have an audit trail of engineering change activitiesThe ECM system will br

30、ing engineers on different sites together to work on changes Well be able to make better change management plansECM系統(tǒng)效益Well get more reliable estimates of change costs and timesAn ECM system will make changes easier to manageWell be able to run changes in parallel and get them done quickerWell be mo

31、re responsive to changeSo Many Parts to the ECM Jigsaw External organizations want changes but cant always make them happenInternal organizations sometimes want changes, sometimes dontThey all get involved in the EC processJigsaw拼圖玩具So Many Parts to the ECM Jigsaw Many computer systems are somehow r

32、elated to the EC processProducts and processes, and their descriptions, are the main focus of ECM, and their volume is very highAnd everyone needs to know and follow the rules of ECMExternal organizations want changes but cant always make them happenCustomers and potential customersDealers and Distr

33、ibutorsLogistics organizationsSuppliers and VendorsRegulatory Authorities這些都是驅動EC的重要角色Internal Organizations Sometimes Want Changes, Sometimes DontDesign engineeringPurchasing departmentMarketing and salesManufacturing engineeringSoftware engineeringInternal Organizations Sometimes Want Changes, Som

34、etimes DontManufacturingInstallation organizationCustomer serviceStandardization organizationTechnical servicesThey all get involved in the EC process EC Submitter, Proposer, InitiatorEC Analyst, EvaluatorEC Board member, ECB ChairFunctional organizationsProduct TeamsMany Computer Systems Are Someho

35、w Related to the EC Process Order processing requires accurate updates of product codes and release statusPlanning has to phase out old versions while phasing in new releasesMany Computer Systems Are Somehow Related to the EC Process Development has to document all changes consistentlyManufacturing

36、needs accurate and timely information about all changes past, present and plannedCustomer Service has to communicate product improvements to customersProducts and Processes, and Their Descriptions, Are the Main Focus of ECM, and Their Volume Is Very High Products, main assemblies and sub-assembliesC

37、omponents and partsRaw materialsProcesses and sub-processesProduct informationProcess informationAnd Everyone Needs to Know and Follow the Rules of ECM Document, Implement, Inform, CheckBut some people dont know or dont follow the rulesTypical Activities in ECMRequests come in daily from all the pla

38、yersScreening all requests is an absolute must for filtering symptoms from root causesEvaluating the requests can take quite a time if the information systems are not integratedDecide what to do to optimize the return-on-engineering-changeOrder the selected changes to be made by the various function

39、sTypical Activities in ECMActuate the changesTrack the changes through the processNotify the changes by documenting all activities and the resulting consequencesManage the changes from a supervisory functionTypical Problems With All These ActivitiesLets start with the worst case: unhappy customersUn

40、happy managers are another, but mainly internal, problemEngineers get unhappy with an ECM system that doesnt workTime runs outCosts go upQuality goes downEngineers get unhappy with an ECM system that doesnt workThis overloads them and patches consume a lot of their energyAs a consequence, innovation

41、 and new product design sufferA corresponding part of their time is wastedFuture trends in ECM will make it even more complex More locations will be involvedMore participants in the process will make it even more complicatedKey customers will request more and quicker engineering changesMore market p

42、ressure will result in more change requests and less time to perform engineering changesCompanies will be swamped by mountains of Engineering ChangesBut with successful ECM youll get lots of benefits Customer satisfaction increases constantly because the customers start perceiving that their input s

43、omehow ends up in new or improved productsHappy managers have time for value adding activitiesEffective engineers can focus on innovationBut with successful ECM youll get lots of benefits Cost reductions become effective much earlierQuality improvements become effective much earlierTime savings allo

44、w all corporate functions to focus on what really mattersAnd they all lived happily ever after Identifying an effective ECM solution Plan and establish the ECM ProjectUnderstand the current situation of ECMProject the future situation of ECMMap the way forwardPrepare and deliver a successful present

45、ation to managementPlan and Establish the ECM ProjectStart the project doing the most important things firstSelect the project leader and build the core teamMap the major project activities, design a feasible plan and prepare a realistic budgetPlan and Establish the ECM ProjectIdentify major project

46、 risks and think about how to overcome themcounteracting resistance to changeDocument the results achieved so farOrganize and internally publish the project kickoff meetingUnderstand the current situation of ECMIdentify critical products and processesIdentify involved people, organizations and key r

47、olesAssess the currently used information and information systemsCollect major problems and quantify related costs and lost market opportunitiesHelp management define objectives for the future ECM processProject the Future Situation of ECMIdentify the benefits of quick, effective ECM for strategic p

48、roducts and servicesDescribe future information and information systemsProject the Future Situation of ECMShow that existing problems will be overcomeAssume that the major problems of ECM are solved and the new ECM system is operational.Project the reduced costs and the market opportunities that hav

49、e been wonMap the way forwardDefine alternative implementation strategiesDetermine project costs and investments and evaluate the benefitsBuild the cost justificationPrioritize the strategiesWrite and publish the statement of requirementsSelect the preferred solutionPrepare the project plan and the

50、corresponding budgetPrepare and deliver a successful presentation to managementExplain the project objectives and the metrics to measure its achievementsOutline the proposed solutionDescribe the potential benefits and costs and the underlying assumptionsPresent the cost justification from various or

51、ganizational points of viewDemonstrate the approach for managing the changes to the work environmentOutline the project plan, project team membership and the budget estimateImplementing the new ECM process and systems in less than 6 monthsDetail the chosen solutionPrepare the project support infrast

52、ructureRun a successful pilot implementationUse various methods to train users in several stagesRoll out ECMDetail the Chosen SolutionDesign the new ECM processDefine the required information, documents and dataSelect two systems to pilot, define requirements for integration with existing systemsDoc

53、ument key organizational issues, major roles and main rulesDefine new work proceduresComplete the implementation planGet management sign-offPrepare the project support infrastructureDefine the main support processesAssess and select support team membersTrain the team on ECM, change management and sy

54、stemsRun a successful pilot implementationImplement key processesTest new ECM rules if they are different to existing onesDescribe new roles and verify their acceptancePrepare a coaching environment that will stay available 6 months after project completionLink major documents to the new information

55、 structureOrganize a test run of your two favorite systemsImplement sample procedures to test organizational aspectsUse various methods to train users in several stages Define training needs and the metrics for measuring performancePurchase training material and adjust it to organizational needsSelect the trainerRun the initial trainingPrepar