1、WORD格式PAGE1 / NUMPAGES13Unit9HowtoGrowOldConsolidationActivitiesI.TextComprehension1.DecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthorspurposeA.Toexplorethereasonswhypeopleusuallyfeardeathinoldage.B.Tosupplysomemedicalinformationabouthealthandgeneticinfluenceononeslongevity.C.Tooffersuggestionsonhowtokee

2、popen-mindedandmakesomepsychologicaladjustmentsintheprocessofgrowingold.KeyC2.Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1).Withafewexceptions,mostoftheauthorsancestorslivedtoagreatage.T2).Theauthorisveryparticularabouthisdietandcarefulinhislifestyle.F3).Ifyouleftyourgrown-

3、upchildrenalone,theywouldbecomeverycallousbecauseofyourindifference.F4).Itisobviousthatthosewhodonothavestrongimpersonalinterestswillundulyconcernthemselveswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildrentofillthevoidintheirlives.T5).Withthedecayofvitalityandincreaseofweariness,thefearofdeathintheoldpeopleisinevit

4、ableandjustifiable.FII.WritingStrategiesInthelastparagraphtheauthorcomparesoneslifetoariverwithitsdifferentphases.Nowtrytodescribehowthismetaphorworksforthethemeoftheessay.Themetaphorisusedtoillustrateparticularcharacteristicsofanindividualhumanexistenceinthreedifferentphases:1)Whenpeopleareyoung,th

5、eyaremorevigorousandenergetic(“rushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls”bu),tlessexperienced(“small,“”containedwithinitsbanks”).2)Whentheyreachtheirmiddleage,theyhavegotmoreexperienceandwisdom(“Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede.a”nd)theirpaceoflifebecomesmoregentlebutsteady(“.thewaters

6、flowmorequietly.”).3)Astheirsenseoffulfillmentincreasesinoldage,theirsenseofindividualitydecreases,andtheirlivesbecomeincreasinglyblendedwiththeuniversallife(“becomemergedinthesea,”“l(fā)osetheirindividualbeing”).III.LanguageWork1.Explaintheunderlinedpart(s)ineachsentenceinyourownwords.1).Althoughbothmy

7、parentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestorswithreferenceto/relatingto2).OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage,andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare,namely,havinghisheadcutoff.ancestorswholivedalongtimeago;specifically3).SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanel

8、derlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad.tell4).Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem,Ishouldhaveadismalexistence!bidfarewellto/wereseparatedfrom;amiserablelife5).Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholes

9、ome.forthereasonthat;healthful6).Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.weshouldpreventfromhappening/weshouldwatchoutfor7)youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.heartless/indifferent8).Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.goodreason9).Andif,with

10、thedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.tiredness10).Thebestwaytoovercomeit.istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.whatdistinguishesyourownselffromothersgradually

11、disappearsorbecomeslessandlessdistinct;becomesincreasinglyonewith/becomesincreasinglyblendedwith2.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1).Manypeopleopposethedeathpenaltybecauseofthepossibilityofmiscarriages(miscarry)ofjustice.2).Thereissomethingwrongwithanyonewhoissohabitually(habit

12、)rude.3).Theresnoneedtobuenduly(undue)pessimisticaboutthesituation.4).Somepoisonousgasescanenterthebodybyabsorption(absorb)throughtheskin.5).Hetakesplentyofvigorous(vigor)exercise.6).Accordingtotheinstructions,thesevitaminpillswillrestorelostvitality(vital).7).Shewasstaringoutoverthelake,lostinconte

13、mplation(contemplative).8).IcouldnhtavemanagedatcollegeifIhadnthadanallowance(allow)frommyparents.9).Hewasjustifiably(justify)proudofhisachievements.10.Wewereunabletosleepbecauseoftheoppressive(oppress)heat.3.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithaphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.merge|cutoff|

14、respect|suckinto|cheat|infancyguardagainst|concern|sphere|asregards1).Thisproposaldiffersfromthelastoneinmanyimportantrespects.2).Theydecidedtomergethetwocompaniesintoone.3).Thereisnoproblemasregardsthefinancialarrangements4).Regularexercisehelpsguardagainstheartdisease.5).Ifthisbillisnotpaidwithinf

15、ivedays,yourgassupplywillbecutoff.6).Theresnoneedforyoutcooncernyourselfwithwhathappened.7).Thesystemisstillinitsinfancy.8).Ireallydontwantanypartinthiswholeargument,butIcanfeelmyselfbeingsuckedintoit.9).Theministersaidthatthegovernmentplannedtodevelopexchangeswithothercountries,particularlyincultur

16、al,scientificandeconomicspheres.10).Sheclaimedthathercousinhadcheatedherofherinheritance.4.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.1).Weoweittoourdescendantstoleavethemacleanworldtolivein.futuregenerations/childrenandgrandchildren2).Ithinknexttimeweneedanydecoratingwellpgreotfeitsdsoionne

17、ally.byskilledpeople3).Herabsorptioninherworkissogreatthatshethinksaboutnothingelse.engrossmentin,orpreoccupationwithherwork4).Continuedrapidgrowthinconsumerspendingwillsuckinmoreimports.drawin/encourage5).Imnotverygoowdheremoneyisconcerned.whendealingwithmoney6).Taxpayersshouldclaimasmanyallowablee

18、xpensesaspossibleagainsttheirtaxedincome.expensesonwhichnotaxesarepaid7).Heractionswerequitejustifiableinthecircumstances.Therewasagoodreasonforheractions8).Hewontbcoententeduntilhesupseteveryoneintheoffice.satisfied9).OnhiswallhehasaposterofMarilynMonroe,herlipsforeverpartedinanticipation.separated

19、/open10).Isuspecthecheatsthetaxman.avoidspayingtaxesbyusingillegalmethods5.Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingpassage.Thepassagecontainstenerrors,oneineachindicatedline.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Correctionsshouldbedoneasfollows:Wrongword:underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectwordintheblank.Extraw

20、ord:deletetheextrawordwithan“.”Missingword:markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“”andwritethemissingwordintheblank.OldAgePeoplearelivingfarlongerthesedaysthanthepast.This(1)iniscreatinganumberofproblemsforwhichweneedtoseekspecialsolutions.Firstly,weneedtoassurethatthe(2)ensureelderlyhavedecentincomes

21、,probablyderivefrom(3)derivedprovidentfunds.Secondly,wemustmakesurethehealthsystemissufficienttogiveadequatecare.Thirdly,waysmustbefoundtokeeptheoldfromfeelingneglectedorlonely.Wemaybeabletosolvethesecondproblembykeepingpeoplehealthierinthefirstplace.Partlythismaybeachievedbyencouraginghealthierlife

22、-styles,andthereisalsohopefromresearchofaging.Speedofagingand(4)intolongevityvariesfromspeciestospecies,maletofemale(5)varyandfamilytofamily.Theyarelargelygeneticallydetermined.Scientistsbelievetheyhaveidentifiedabout200genesplayafundamentalroleintheagingprocess.(6)that/whichItshould,inthetheory,bep

23、ossiblenowtoproducedrugs(7)theabletodelaytheprocessandholdbacktheaffectsof(8)effectsaging.Itwouldnotaddtoourlifespan.Thatseemsfixedatamaximumof120years.Itwould,moreover,makeus(9)howeverfittertofargreaterages.ThethirdproblemisbeingtackledinSingaporebymakingitalegaldutyforchildrentotakegoodcareoftheir

24、parents.InItaly,thereisalsoasystemofadoptinghonorablegrandparents,oldpeople(10)honorarywhodislikethethoughtofgoingintoanoldpeopleshome.Afamilyagreestolookafteranoldpersonuntildeathinreturnforagenerousbequestintheoldpersonswill.Theidea,unfortunately,doesseemveryopentoabuse.Itisntoftenagoodideatobeint

25、hecareofpeoplewhowillbenefitfromonesdeath.6.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEappropriateword.GrowingOldHappybirthday!Dobirthdaysreallymakepeoplehappy?Ofcoursetheydo.Birthdayscelebratethedaywewere(1)born.Moreover,thatextracandleonthecakerepresentsanotheryearofgrowthandmaturityorsowehope.Weallli

26、ketoimaginethatweregettingwiserandnotjust(2)older.Mostofusenjoyobservingthemiracleofgrowthinothers,aswell.Forinstance,seeingourchildrendevelopandlearnnewthingsmakesusfeelproud.ForAmericans,likepeopleinmostcultures,growingupisawonderfulprocess.Butgrowingold?Thatsadifferent(s3t)ory.Growingoldisnotexac

27、tlypleasantforpeopleinyouth-orientedAmericanculture.MostAmericansliketolookyoung,actyoungandfeelyoung.Astheoldsayinggoes,“Youreasyoungasyou(4)feel.Olderpeoplejokeabouthowmanyyearsyoungtheyare,ratherthanhowmanyyears(5)old.Peopleinsomecountriesvaluetheagedasasourceofexperienceandwisdom.ButAmericanssee

28、mtofavorthosethatare(6)young,oratleast“youngatheart.”ManyolderAmericansfindthe“goldenyears”tobeanything(7)butgolden.Economically,“seniorcitizens”oftenstrugglejusttogebty.(8R)etirementtypicallyatage65bringsasharp(9)decreaseinpersonalincome.SocialSecuritybenefitsusuallycannotmakeupthe(10)difference.Ol

29、derpeoplemaysufferfrompoornutrition,medicalcareandhousing.Someevenexperience(11)agediscrimination.In1987,AmericansociologistPatMooredresseduplikeanolderpersonandwanderedcitystreets.Shewasoften(12)treatedrudelyevencheatedandrobbed.However,(13)dressedasayoungperson,shereceivedmuchmorerespect.Ofcourse,

30、notallelderlyAmericanshavesuchnegative(14)experiences.Butoldagedoespresentuniquechallenges.Ironically,theelderlypopulationinAmericaisexpandingfast.Why?Peoplearelivinglonger.Fewerbabiesarebeingborn.Andmiddle-aged“babyboomers”arerapidly(15)enteringtheranksoftheelderly.Americamaysoonbeaplacewherewrinkl

31、esare“in.”Despitethe(16)challengestheyface,Americansintheir“twilightyears”generally(17)refusetogiveuponlife.Theyfindavarietyofwaystokeepthemselves(18)active.Tohelpthemstayin(19)shape,theymayjoinmallwalkersclubs,fitnessprogramsandeventhe“SeniorOlympics.”Theycanenjoyhoursofentertainmentatseniorcenters

32、andadultamusement(20)parks.Manyenrollincontinuingeducationprogramstomaintaintheirmentalskills.ForAmericans,ifyouregoingtogrowold,youmightaswelldoitgracefully.IV.Translation1.TranslatingSentences1).她與他在一起生活度日艱難。(existence)Shehadahardexistencewithhim.2).至于你剛才提出的問題，我將另外撰文回答。(asregards)Asregardsthequest

33、ionsyouraisedjustnow,Iwillanswertheminanotherarticle.3).這聽起來也許很無情，但我才不在乎他是否無家可歸呢。(callous)Itmightsoundcallous,butIdontcareifheshomeless.4).他對老板的尊敬幾乎到了低聲下氣的地步。(abject)Heisalmostabjectinhisrespectforhisboss.5).痛苦的記憶漸漸從她腦海里消退。(recede)Thepainfulmemoriesgraduallyrecededinhermind.6).我們應(yīng)該避免對他們的挑釁作出過度的反應(yīng)。(g

34、uardagainst)Weshouldguardagainstoverreactionstotheirprovocation.7).你最好關(guān)心關(guān)心自己的事而不是我的事！(concernoneselfwith)Youdbetterconcernyourselfwithyourownbusinessandnotmine!8).該影片是一部有益的家庭娛樂劇。(wholesome)Thefilmisgoodwholesomefamilyentertainment.9).學(xué)校中止了給那位學(xué)生提供的助學(xué)金，理由是他去年的成績不夠好。(onthegroundthat)Theuniversityhassto

35、ppedprovidingfinancialsupporttothatstudentonthegroundthathisperformanceinthepastyearwasnotgoodenough.10).為了幫助那些國有小公司渡過經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，政府把它們合并成為一家大公司。(merge)Thegovernmentmergedthosesmallstate-ownedfirmsintoalargecompanyinordertohelpthemsurvivetheeconomiccrisis.2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Mymother,

36、deadnowtothisworldbutstillroamingfreeinmymind,wakesmesomemorningsbeforedaybreak.“IftheresonethingIcantstand,itsaquitter.”Ihaveheardhersaythatallmylife.Now,lyinginbed,comingawakeinthedark,Ifeelthefuryofherenergyfightingthegood-for-nothingidlerwithinmewhowantstogobacktosleepinsteadoftacklingthebrand-n

37、ewday.SilentlyIprotest:Iamnotachildanymore.Ihavemadesomething.ofmyself.Iamentitledtosleeplate.“Russell,youvegotnomoregumptionthanabumponalog.”ShehashoundedmewiththesebattlecriessinceIwasaboyinshortpants.“Makesomethingofyourself!”“Dontbeaquitter!”“Havealittleambition,Buddy.”參考譯文我母親早已不在人世，但她仍時時自由地浮現(xiàn)在我

38、心中，有時早晨天還未亮就把我喚醒。“我最最不能容忍的就是半途而廢的人?！蔽乙簧粩嗦牭剿f這句話。此時此刻，我躺在床上，在黑暗中慢慢醒來，想重回夢鄉(xiāng)而不愿直面嶄新的一天，我感覺到了她正怒氣沖沖地與我體內(nèi)那個沒出息的懶漢奮力斗爭。我默默地抗議道：我已經(jīng)不是孩子了。我已經(jīng)小有成就，我有資格睡懶覺?！傲_素，你一點進(jìn)取心也沒有，和二流子簡直沒什么兩樣。”從我還是個穿著短褲的孩提時代起她就一直用這些話激勵我前進(jìn)：“你要混出個人樣來！”“不要半途而廢！”“要有點志氣，孩子。”V.OralActivities1.GivingATalk“Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.”Fth

39、oorusandsofyears,deathseemstohavebeenaneternaltopicforpeopleallovertheworld,oldandyoung,menandwomen.Numerousdiscussionshavebeencarriedoutonthisthemeandinthelastparagraphofthispassagetheauthoralsoelaboratesonthetopicofhowtoavoidthefearofdeath.Whatsyourviewonthesolemntopicofdeath?Nowgiveatalk.Youmaych

40、ooseanyaspect,forexample,howtobravedeath.(Forreference)Forthousandsofyears,deathhasbeenaneternaltopicforhumanbeings.ManyopinionshavebeenstatedonitbuttodayIwanttotalkfromadifferentangle:ourlastcontributiontosocietycremation.Eventoday,burialisstillcommoninChina,especiallyinruralareas.How-ever,withthei

41、ntensifiedprocessofurbanization,landisincreasinglypreciousandthetraditionalpracticeofburialtakesuptoomuchspace.Besides,traditionalburialhasabunchofhazards.Firstandforemost,itisawasteofland,whichisoneofthemostpreciousunrecyclableresources.Second,itisbadfortheenvironmentsinceitconsumessomanytreesevery

42、year.Incontrast,cremationisbothcleanandenvironment-friendly.Peoplesashescanbeburiedundertreesorevenscatteredatsea.Justthinkhowmuchlandandhowmanytreescouldbesavedinthisway!Socalloneveryonearoundyou,friendsandrelatives,tomaketheirlastcontributiontosocietyandouroffspringwhentheyhavetoleavethisworldoned

43、ay.2.HavingADialogueIn“HowtoGrowOld”Russellwarnsthatpsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneisundueabsorptioninthepast.Theotherisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigourfromitsvitality.Asamatteroffact,mostparentsinChinaarestillclingingtotheirchildrenduetosomehistoricalandcultur

44、alreasons.Doyouthinkagingparentsshouldlivewiththeirchildren?Andwhy?Nowhaveadialoguewithyourpartner,supposingthatyoutwohavedifferentopinions.(Forreference)A:Ithinkthatagingparentsshouldlivewiththeirchildrensothattheycanbetakengoodcareof.B:No,Idonatgreewithyou.Theirchildrenmayalsohavetheirownbusinessa

45、nddonhtavemuchtimeforthem.Inthisconnection,theybdetteremployanurseoramaid.Theycanasktheirchildrentopayforthis.Ortheycangotoaretirementcenterwheretheycanmakealotoffriends.A:Moneydoesntmeaneverything.Ithinkwhattheyneedmostisloveandspiritualsupportfromthefamily.Friendsaregood,buttheyarenotfamily.Beside

46、s,theycanalsohelpinhouseworkandbaby-sitting.B:Thattsrue.Butparentsarealwaysaskingtoomuchfromus.Theyalwaystreatuslikelittleboysandgirlsandwheneverwehavedisagreementswiththem,theygethurtsoeasily,andareneverreallypatientenoughtolistentous.A:Butareyoupatientenoughtolistentothem?Communicationissomethingm

47、utual.Weshouldntexpectourparentstolistentousifwedontlistentothematall.Parentsloveusunconditionallyandtheyarealwaysreadytosacrificeforus.Theydeserveeverybitofourrespect.B:Well,youdohavesomepoints.ButasfarasIknow,manypeoplestilldontwanttolivewiththeirparents.A:Imreallysorrytohearthat.ButIstillinsistth

48、atwhenourparentsaretoooldtotakecareofthemselves,wehavetheobligationtolivewiththem.Weshouldletthemfeelthattheyarelovedandneededdespitetheiroldage.VI.ResearchPaperWritingRevisingYourPaperThefirstandmostimportantthingtokeepinmindaboutrevisionisthatitisnotthesameasproofreading;infact,thetwoarebarelyrela

49、ted.Proofreadingisactuallythefinalstepbeforeyouturninyourpaperwhilerevisionispartoftheongoingcycleofwriting.Rememberthatagooddealofyourthinkingcomestoyouasyouarewritingandrevising,notbeforeyousitdowntowrite.Oftenyourthinkingonasubjectdoesnotdevelopfullyuntilyouwriteitoutandrethinkit,soplanonrevising

50、.Revisingaresearchpapergloballyinvolveslookingatthebiggerpicture.Itrequiresyoutotakeastepbackandlookatthepaperasawholeratherthanexamineitatthesentencelevel.Whenmakingglobalrevisions,youshouldmakesurethatitincludesathesisstatement.Youmustalsocheckforcohesionamongdifferentsectionsofthepaper.Hereisache

51、cklistforrevisingaresearchpaper:1Doesthepaperfulfillthepromisemadebythethesis?2Dotheargumentsflowsmoothlyandlogically?3Issufficientattentionpaidtocounterargumentsorotherpointsofview?4Doestheintroductionleadeffectivelyintothepaper?5Doestheconclusioneithersummarizeordescribeimplications?6Isthepaperfoc

52、used,adequatelydeveloped,andcoherent?7Arethesourcesintegratedsmoothlyintothepaper?8Isinformationinquotes,paraphrases,andsummariesaccuratelyrelatedandclearlyacknowledged?Someofthestrategieslistedbelowmayhelpyourevisemoreeffectively:Trythecutandpastemethod.Cuttheparagraphsapart(orwriteeachoneonanindex

53、card).Thenarrangeandre-arrangetheminvariousways.Markthosedraftsupwithyourpenorpencil.Scratchthingsout,drawarrowsandcircles,jotdownnewevidenceorideasastheyhityou,etc.Donotletwhatmightbeyourmosteffectiveideagetlostbecauseyoudonotwanttomessupthepaperwithchickenscratch.Understandwhyyouaremakingchangesin

54、yourwriting.Ifyouhavechangedyourtitle,knowthatyourintentionistobemorespecificinyoursubjectortobemorehumorous.Ifyouareaddingtextsomewhere,knowthatitisrelevanttextthatwillclarifyyourthesis.Inotherwords,donotmakechangesjustforthesakeofmakingchanges.Whenyourebasicallysatisfiedthatyouhaveaccomplishedinyo

55、urpaperwhatyouintendedtodo,whenyoufeelthatyourreaderswillunderstand(andperhapsevenapplaud)yourthesisanditssupport,youcanproofreadthatfinalcopy.FurtherEnchantmentTextIINEARING90WilliamMaxwellTextComprehension1.Answerthefollowingmultiple-choicequestions:1).Whatstheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A.

56、Totellpeoplehowtokeepyoung.B.Topersuadepeopletoliveameaningfullife.C.Torecallhisentirelife.D.Toexpresssomefeelingsaboutoldage.KeyD2).Whatsthemeaningof“erectcarriage”inParagraph2?A.Standingstraight.B.Finefigure.C.Bendyshape.D.Slimbody.KeyA3).WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor?A.Hereadsextensi

57、vely.B.Heisademandingreader.C.Hehasmorememoriesofchildhoodcomparedwithmostpeople.D.Hewasenergeticandactiveinhisyouth.KeyD4).WhichofthefollowingisNOTasweetmemoryfortheauthor?A.Hoistingthechildrenontohisshoulders.B.Readingtothechildrenatbedtime.C.Asleighridewithhisparents.D.TheriverboatnamedtheEastland.Key:D5).WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheauthor?A.Obliviousness.B.Goodmemory.C.Anattentiveobserver.D.Well-educated.Key:A2.QuestionsforDiscussion1).Do