1、定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞He is a clever boy.他是一個聰明的男孩。He is a physics teacher.他是一個物理老師。Australia is an English-speaking country.澳大利亞是一個講英語的國家。定語從句： 由一個句子充當定語,即在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句定語從句的位置：在修飾名詞或代詞后 先行詞：引導詞： 引導定語從句的詞 關系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that, as關系副詞 when, where, why 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞e.g. This is the car which he

2、bought last year.先行詞定語從句引導詞的作用： (1) 引導定語從句 (2) 在從句中作一成分 (3) 代替先行詞在從句中的 位置關系代詞applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.指人作主語作賓語作定語指物既指人也指物whothatwhomwho thatwhosethatwhichthatw

3、hichwhosethatthatwhose作表語thatthatthat關系代詞的指代關系whose指物時, 可以與 of which 調換關系代詞作賓語可省略引導定語從句關系代詞的用法：1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious. 3)Lets ask the man that/who is reading the book over there.4)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jims sis

4、ter.(主語)(賓語)(主語)(賓語)指人whom/who/that都可作賓語，whom為最好選擇5)Thats the man whose house was burned down.(定語)3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We d

5、ont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that / which that / who which /that 6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .which / thatwh

6、o/whom/thatwhose whose 引導的定語從句應注意以下幾點：1.whose 引導定語從句，在從句中作定語其后應緊跟名詞 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.2. whose 引導定語從句，其先行詞可指人，也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下,只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞(1)先行詞是不定代詞all, no, none,everyone, something

7、, much, little等或被不定代詞所修飾I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Note(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。a. This is the first book (that) he has read.b. She is the most beautiful girl (that) I have ever seen.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用whoAny man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.This is the very bo

8、ok that belongs to him. The old car is the only thing (that) he owned. This is the same book (that) I lent you yesterday.(3)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。正是the samethat同一 the sameas同樣(4) 先行詞中指人又指物(5) 若主句中有疑問代詞which ,whata. Who is the man that is standing there?b. Which is the T-shirt

9、 that fits me most?c. what that is on the table belongs to you?當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？補充:若主句中有疑問代詞who(指人)用that引導(6) 關系代詞在定語從句作表語時She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the university.(7)在there be 句型中There is a book t

10、hat is on the table.There is a girl who is my sister.there be 句型中, 先行詞是人, 關系代詞用who, 是物用that.(8)句中有兩個定語從句時，第一個的關系代詞已用了who 或which, 第二個定語從句的關系代詞用that. Our English teacher is the man who is talking with the girl that is in red.1. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library.which that或去掉whic

11、h。當先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little等修飾時,常用that引導定語從句。2. This is the best film which I have ever seen.which that或去掉which。當先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級或the only, the very等所修飾時,常用that引導定語從句。3. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.如果先行詞既指人又指物時, 常用that引導定語從句。

12、that4. Everything which we saw was of great interest.當先行詞為something, anything, everything, nothing, all等時,常由that引導定語從句。which that或去掉which。不用that的場合如下：1）非限制性定語從句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 2）介詞放在關系代詞之前時 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，

13、或先行詞是that時 I have found that which I was looking for.1.The man _ I saw told me to wait.2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (雜技演員)4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whowhomwhosewhose 1.This is

14、 all_I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2Is there anything else_you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itA B B4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A

15、. which B. that C. it D. whom5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything. A. that B.which C. where D. in that6.This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been writtenB. that has ever been written C. that has writtenD. that have writtenBAA7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _

16、 he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9.Is there anything_to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10.The scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by

17、 us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whoseBABBC 指人時，一定要用“who”的：先行詞為 those等不定代詞Anyone who doesnt study hard will not pass the exam.主句為“There be” 句型Theres a student who is from Beijing.人稱代詞：he, me, we等 He who has

18、 never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.非限制性定語從句中用who不用thatToms brother, who lives in London, is an engineer.Note 先行詞后有一個較長的句子成分I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.1.This is all_I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2Is there anything else

19、_you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itA B B介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句先行詞：物 - 介詞+which 人 - whom 物/人 - whose+nThe room in which there is a machine is workshop.The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher.This is the b

20、oss in whose factory my father works注意: 1. 介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句,關鍵是判斷介詞的選擇看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習慣搭配)先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞通過整個句子整體含義來判斷2. whom, which作介詞賓語時,介詞一般可放在which之前, 也可放在從句原來的位置上,在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在原來的位置上.1.Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front

21、of which D. in front which2. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. who B. to whom C. to who D whom3. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that4.I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. ne

22、ither of which C. none of them D. neither of them5.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed was in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which6. They held a meeting, _ which the hospital director made a speech.7. The book, _ which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading.8. Is this th

23、e man _ whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?atforin9. Wu Dong,_ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.10.The stories about Long March, _ which this is one example, are well written.withof注意: 3.介詞關系代詞前可有some, any, none, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或數(shù)詞He loved his parents

24、deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.2) The book contains 20 stories, 8 of which are about Leifeng.3) I have many good friends, each of whom helped me a lot.注意: from where為介詞關系副詞結構, 但也可引導定語從句He hid behind the door, from _ he could see what was happening in the room.There is a library near my ho

25、me, from _ I can borrow many books.wherewhich whose 引導的定語從句應注意以下幾點：1.whose 引導定語從句，在從句中作定語其后應緊跟名詞 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.2. whose 引導定語從句，其先行詞可指人，也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.4. Whose 的先行詞指物時, 可用of which 代替whose.指人不可 whose + n = the + n + of w

26、hich= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room, the window of which faces south. 3. whose 在定語從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起可作介詞賓語,可以與介詞一起放在先行詞與從句之間 Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonab

27、le. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose2. The dictionary,_ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A. which B. that C. for which D .to which3. Grandma Liang has two sons,_ are soldiers. A. two of whom B. whom C. both of whom D. one of them4. He arrived half an hour late, _

28、 made us unhappy. A. that B. as B. what D. whichBCCD關系副詞 when, where, why的用法 關系副詞都等于一個適當?shù)慕樵~which，在從句中作狀語When = in/at/on/+which;Where = in/at/on/+which;Why = for /+which作狀語：關系副詞 when 時間 where 地點 why 原因 1. This is the factory _ he works.2. I dont know the reason _ he was late.3. I still remember the d

29、ay _ I met him.wherewhywhen=in whichfor whichon which The day I met him first was May 1st. The year I came here was 1998. The reason he was late was that he got up late. whenwhenfor whichon whichin which why關系代詞和關系副詞如何區(qū)別？1.取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系副詞或介詞+關系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關系代詞。2.要看他們在從句中作什么成份而定。

30、或者說，假如把先行詞放到從句中是作主語、賓語還是狀語而定。1）This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.2）Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.3）Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.1.Ill never forget the days _we spent together in Paris.2.Ill remember the days _we stayed t

31、ogether.3.This is the factory _we visited last year.4.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.thatwhichwhenthatwhichwherevt.vi.vt.vi.during whichin which5.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.6.The reason _he gave us sounded reasonable.whythatwhich(合理的）for whichThis is the house

32、 .I lived in it two years ago.This is the house_ I lived in two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago. (that/which)in whichwhere限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它 主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。(1)This is the house

33、 which we bought last month.（限制性）(2)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(非限制性）(3)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.(非限制性）說明：1.關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。 2.引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞在從句作賓語不可省略。1.We should learn from those_are always ready to help others.A.who B.whom

34、C.they D.that2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_in China. A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working3 .Tom is the only one of the students who_to Shanghai.A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had goneACC4.He has left for Beijing,_a meeting is to be held.A.when B.where C.as D.w

35、hich5.This is the very place_Im wishing to live in.A.where B.which C.that D.in which6.She wrote a letter to her father,_she made her secret known.A.which B.that C.in which D.where7.Oxygen is a kind of gas,_we couldnt live.A.without it B.without that C.without which D.if not8.I,_your good friend,will

36、 try my best to help you out.A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which amBCCCB1.which和as都能引導限制性定語從句，指代主句的某一個詞，在從句中充當主語或賓語。但as通常用在the same.as , suchas , asas結構中I will give you such things as you may need.This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.“as”和”which”引導定語從句的區(qū)別同一同樣2.which和as

37、都能引導非限制性定語從句a. As we expected, he passed the exam.b. He took away my photo, which made me unhappy. c. The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell down in the earthquake.1)as引導非限制性定語從句時只能指代整個句子。而which既可指代前面整個句子，也可指代前面句子中的一個詞或短語。3)as 本身有“正如.正象”. 的含義,常用于as is announced / expected / known / reported /

38、 said / imagined / shown或as usually happen, as is often the case, as we know等句型2)as和which引導的非限制性定語從句指代整個主句, as引導的從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,而which引導的從句只能放在句末.4）當后置的非限定性定語從句是否定結構時，只能用which引導 He made a long speech, as was expected.He made a long speech, which was not expected/unexpected.Tom drinks a lot everyday

39、, which his wife doesnt like at all.1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dan

40、ce,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.asDACD5.It was raining,_was a pity. A.what B.that C. the which D. which6._has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As7.We are reading the same book _ they are. A.which B.as C.that D.likeDDB定語從句必須注意的特殊例子1.先行詞為situatio

41、n , case , stage, point, position關系詞要用where, in which eg. Can you imaging the situation where/ in which you can use the word.2.先行詞為way ,關系詞要用that, in which 或省略eg. Do you know the way (that/in which/-) he worked the problem.3.定語從句的必須注意的兩個句型。Is this school the one we visited that year?Is this the scho

42、ol that we visited that year ?He is one of the students who are from the south.He is the (only) one of the students who is from the south.區(qū)分定語從句與其相似句型 Mr.Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf. (這里and連接的是并列句，不能用whom代替them。如去掉and，就必須用whom代替them成定語從句。 It was last night that the ter

43、rible fire broke out. (這里是“It was+被強調部分+that. ”構成的強調句型，故連接詞不用when。)1A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who_working in China. B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_working in Ch