1、城市規(guī)劃和建筑學專業(yè)英語2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件2第九章：城市設計 Chapter Eight: Urban Design1課文標題：城市設計 ARTICLE : Urban Design2專業(yè)詞匯：（27個）Urban form 城市形態(tài)Urban built environment 城市建造環(huán)境Settlement Working 工作Transport 交通Recreation 娛樂Flat 公寓，公寓樓Individual buildings Skyline 天際線Townscape 城鎮(zhèn)風景Layout 布局2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件3Built environment 建

2、成環(huán)境Natural environment 自然環(huán)境Building form and massing 建筑物個體體量外觀和建筑群的組合Circulation and parking 交通流線和停車Open spaces 開敞空間Pedestrian ways 人行道Signage 戶外廣告，路標Nodes 節(jié)點Landmark 地標2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件4Sense of belonging 歸屬感External environment 外部空間Meet need 滿足的需求Apart from 除以外School of thought 思想流派，學派City structure

3、 城市結構Cityscape 城市景觀 3課文摘要：（見課本p60）4課文注釋：2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件5（1）英文原文：（什么是城市形態(tài)）What is Urban Form?Before discussion on the definition of urban form, it is necessary as a starting point to think about “how is a city formed”. Undoubtedly, people are makers of the city, and their basic intention for building

4、 a city is to meet various human needs, for example, settlement, working, transport and recreation. In order to satisfy these needs, a city is built and formed when people construct flats for settlement, shops and factories for working, roads and bridges for transportation, and open spaces for recre

5、ation. 中文示意：在討論城市形態(tài)定義之前，有必要以思考“城市是如何形成的”這一問題為切入點開始。毫無疑問的，人們是城市的建設者，并且其建設城市的主要目的是滿足人類的多種需求，例如，居住、工作、交通和娛樂。為了滿足這些需求，城市被建造和形成起來。人們?yōu)榫幼⌒枨蠼ㄔ斓墓?，為工作需求建造了商店和工廠，為交通需求建造了公路和橋梁，以及為娛樂需求建造了公共空間。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件6At the same time, except for individual buildings, various spaces are created between two or a group o

6、f buildings, skylines are formed by edges of buildings and mountains, townscapes are developed by the appearance of buildings and spaces / All these are called the urban built environment, which is an external environment but not a natural environment. Urban form is a terma1 to depicta2 the urban bu

7、ilt environment. a1術語a2描寫，描述中文示意：同時，除了單體建筑，在兩棟建筑及一個組群建筑之間的多樣空間也被創(chuàng)造出來，由此，由建筑及山體的邊緣所構成的城市天際線也形成起來，城鎮(zhèn)風景也由于建筑和空間的出現(xiàn)而形成起來。/ 所有這些都被稱作城市建造環(huán)境，它是一種外部環(huán)境但不是自然環(huán)境。城市形態(tài)就是描述城市建造環(huán)境的術語。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件7（2）英文原文：（城市形態(tài)內(nèi)容）Urban form, including size, density, configuration, layout, mix of uses and building types，can make

8、a significant impact on sustainability. Built form affects how people live in cities, how resources are used and how the economic life of a city functions.中文示意：城市形態(tài)，包括規(guī)模、密度、建筑物組合、布局、混合用途和建筑形式，都能給可持續(xù)性帶來重要影響。建筑形態(tài)影響到人們?nèi)绾卧诔鞘惺贾猩睿Y源如何被使用以及城市經(jīng)濟生活如何起作用。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件8（3）英文原文：（城市形態(tài)的組成元素：不同的角度有不同的理解）The Ele

9、ments of Urban FormThere are different perspectivesa1 for perceivinga2 the elements of urban form.中文示意：A 從功能角度歸納城市形態(tài)的組成元素：a1角度a2理解2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件9From a functional a1aspect, Shirvani laid down eight elements of urban form in his book Urban Design Process (1985, pp.6-48). They are: (1) land use; (2)

10、building form and massing; (3) circulation and parking; (4) open spaces; (5) pedestrian ways; (6) activity support; (7) signage; and (8) preservation. Apart from Shirvani, Jacobs, Appleyard and Barnett are also advocates a2for this school of thought.中文示意：從功能的角度來看，shirvani在他的城市設計過程這本著作里列出了8個城市形態(tài)的組成元素

11、，它們是：（1）土地使用，（2）建筑形式體量外觀和建筑群的組合，（3）交通流線和停車，（4）開敞空間，（5）人行道，（6）活動支持 ，（7）戶外廣告與路標，（8）古跡保護。除shirvani以外，jacobs,appleyard和barnett也支持這一思想流派。a1功能的a2主張2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件10B 從視覺和美學角度歸納城市形態(tài)的元素：From a visual and aesthetic perspective, Lynch, in his book The Image of the City (1960), identified five types of element

12、s. They are:Paths, which may be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroadsEdges, which include shores, railroad cuts, edges of development, wallsDistricts, which are recognizable with same common character.中文示意：從視覺和美學的角度來看，凱文林奇在他的著作城市意象中，定義了5種元素，它們是：（1）通道：是道路、人行道、車行道、水道，鐵路等等；（2）邊緣：包括河岸、鐵路交叉

13、口、開發(fā)區(qū)邊緣、墻等；（3）區(qū)域，是具有相同性質(zhì)的地區(qū)；2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件11Nodes, which may be centers of activities, like a shopping center, major junctionsa1, places of break in transportationLandmarks, which are usually a rather defined physical object such as building, sign, mountain or monument.a1主要交叉口中文示意：（4）節(jié)點：它也許是活動中心，像是

14、商業(yè)中心、主要的交叉口、交通集散點等；（5）地標：它通常是一個明顯的物質(zhì)性的建筑物，像是大廈、標志物、山體或者紀念碑等。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件12C 從尺度的角度理解城市形態(tài)：Apart from that, Alexander (1977, pp.xxi) suggested that the urban form can also be understood at different scales: from “the very largest for regions and towns” to “neighborhood, clusters of a1buildings, bui

15、ldings, rooms and alcovesa2, ending finally with details of construction”.中文示意：除以上觀點外，alexander認為城市形態(tài)能夠以不同的尺度來理解，從“最宏觀的區(qū)域和城鎮(zhèn)”尺度到“鄰里、建筑群、建筑、房屋和小室的尺度，最終以建設細節(jié)的尺度結束。”a1一群a2小室2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件13D 對以上三種角度的分析比較：The above perspectives have their own advantages and disadvantages for perceiving the elements of

16、urban form. / The functional perspective is more related to the functions of a city, which can be easily understood from the view of urban planning. It also is easy for practice because it embodiesa1 the concretea2 elements that are easy to quantifya3 and measure in a comparativelya4 objectivea5 way

17、. However, the functional perspective overlooksa6 the visual and aesthetic aspect of urban form. a1體現(xiàn) a2具體的 a3量化 a4相當?shù)腶5客觀的 a6忽視中文示意：以上幾種角度在描述城市形態(tài)的構成元素上都有其優(yōu)勢和劣勢。/ 功能角度更關注的是城市的功能，這一觀點就城市規(guī)劃來說是易于理解的，它也易于實踐，因為它體現(xiàn)的是具體的，以一種相當客觀的方式，易被量化和測量的元素。然而，由功能角度出發(fā)的這一觀點忽視了城市形態(tài)的視覺和美學方面。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件14The aesthetic p

18、erspective is more related to the image of a city, but it is difficult for practice because the five elements are difficult in quantifying and involved subjective evaluation. / Furthermore, understanding urban form from scale provides a new perspective that urban form should be treated from large sc

19、ale to detailed scale, but it also failed to provide concrete elements for practice.中文示意：美學方面更關注的是城市的形象，但它不易于實踐，因為這五個元素不易于量化。/ 再來，從尺度角度理解城市形態(tài)，提供了一個新的視角，認為城市形態(tài)應該從宏觀尺度到細節(jié)尺度來考慮，但它依舊不能提供可用于實際操作的具體元素。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件15（4）英文原文：（城市形態(tài)的重要作用）What Does Urban Form Contribute to?Urban form plays an important role

20、 ina1 peoples daily life: the accessibility of open spaces may affect how people enjoy their leisure times, the connections between two places may affect the convenience of movement, the arrangement of building form and massing may give identity to people, the landmarks may give people the sense of

21、belonging Above all, urban form contributes to the quality of life.中文示意：城市形態(tài)在人們的日常生活中扮演了一個重要的角色：開敞空間的可達性也許會影響到人們?nèi)绾蜗硎芩鼈兊男蓍e時光；兩地之間的聯(lián)系狀況也許會影響到交通的舒適性；建筑形式體量的安排組合也許會給人們帶來識別性；地標也許會給人們帶來歸屬感。總之，城市形態(tài)對生活質(zhì)量有重要的影響作用。a1扮演重要角色2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件16（5）英文原文：（什么是城市設計，設計城市形態(tài)）Urban Design: An Approach for Dealing witha1 Ur

22、ban FormTaking care of a2the urban form, urban design is an approach to create a quality built environment to satisfy and sustain human needs on functional, aesthetic, social, economic and environmental aspects. It focuses on how to deal with the elements of urban physical form from city structure,

23、building form and massing, to signage. That means the elements of urban form are the elements that urban design needs to deal with (see Figure 8.1). 中文示意：城市設計是一種創(chuàng)造建成環(huán)境質(zhì)量以滿足和使人們在功能、美學、社會、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境各方面的需求可持續(xù)的方法，它關注的是城市的形態(tài)。它將焦點放在了如何處理城市的物質(zhì)環(huán)境元素方面從城市結構、建筑形式體量和組合到路標。那意味著城市形態(tài)是城市設計所需要處理的元素。a1處理，論述a2照料、保管2022/7/1

24、9專業(yè)英語課件17（6）英文原文：（創(chuàng)造和諧豐富的城市建造環(huán)境）When dealing with the elements of urban physical form, urban design concerns “the connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric, and process for ensuring successful villages, towns and cities” (DETR, 2000, pp.8). During th

25、e development of a city, urban design is a process to create harmonious and diversified a1built environment to sustain and support human activities. In this sensea2, it is an art of making places.中文示意：當處理城市物質(zhì)形態(tài)元素時，城市設計關注于“人們與空間之間的聯(lián)系，運動連貫性以及城市形態(tài)，自然和建成肌理，以及確保形成優(yōu)良村莊的過程，城鎮(zhèn)與城市”。在一個城市發(fā)展的過程中，城市設計是一個創(chuàng)造和諧及多樣

26、化建成環(huán)境以維持和支持人類活動的過程，從這一方面來說，它是創(chuàng)造空間的一門藝術。a1多樣化a2在這一方面來說2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件18（7）英文原文：（處于城市規(guī)劃與建筑設計之間）As an art of making places, urban design stands at the joint point of planning and architecture. It injectsa1 a three-dimensionala2 design concept with city contexta3 considerations into urban planning while

27、 imposinga4 holistic control to integratea5 individual landscape and architecture design. Although the urban design concept was evolved froma6 architectural aesthetic effect, its considerations have become far broader than only the aesthetic aspect.中文示意：作為創(chuàng)造空間的藝術，城市設計處于城市規(guī)劃與建筑設計之間，它引入了三維的設計理念，將對城市現(xiàn)狀

28、的考慮放入了城市規(guī)劃，同時，將歷史性的控制與單獨的景觀設計和建筑設計結合起來。盡管城市設計構想是由建筑美學影響發(fā)展而來，它的考慮范圍已遠遠超越了僅僅的美學范疇。a1引入 a2三維的 a3情況，狀況 a4強使a5與結合起來 a6由發(fā)展而來2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件19（8）英文原文：（生態(tài)、環(huán)境因素）Urban design is still an evolving field. In order to achieve sustainable development, ecologicala1/environmental considerations have recently been a

29、dded into urban design, which require modern urban design to consider the relationship between natural resources and the artificiala2 environment. Hencea3, urban design should protect natural resources when creating places for people to work, live and relax.中文示意：城市設計同樣也是（由其他學科）發(fā)展而來的領域。為了完成可持續(xù)發(fā)展，生態(tài)學及

30、環(huán)境學方面的思考最近也被添加進城市設計中來，這使得現(xiàn)代城市設計在為人們的工作、生活和休閑創(chuàng)造空間的時候要考慮自然資源的因素。a1生態(tài)學的 a2人造的，人建造的 a3因此2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件20（9）英文原文：（城市新的發(fā)展與社會、經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)的延續(xù)相一致）Since urban form is changing with changing situations, urban design acts as a process for giving physical design directions to urban growth, conservation and change (Ba

31、rnett, 1982, pp.12). Therefore, it is an important issue for urban development and redevelopment. 中文示意：既然城市形態(tài)是隨著變化著的形式而變化的，那么城市設計就扮演了一個為城市生長，維持和變化來提供物質(zhì)設計方向的角色。所以，對城市發(fā)展和再開發(fā)來說，這是個非常重要的方面。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件21It considers how development fits into the urban social, economic and ecological context, how to h

32、andle the activities and flowsa1 of people and traffic, how to create pleasant spaces to fostera2 diversified activities, and finally the aesthetic effect on cityscape and individual buildings. Therefore, the fundamental implicationa3 of urban design is to continue the development of city by integra

33、ting design issues into planning, landscape and architecture. a1流動 a2培養(yǎng)、引導 a3暗示中文示意：它考慮的是如何使發(fā)展與城市、社會、經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)狀況相宜；如何處理人們的活動和流動以及交通；如何創(chuàng)造宜人的空間來培養(yǎng)和引導多樣化的活動；以及最終美學對城市景觀和單體建筑的影響。所以，城市設計最基本的目的就是通過將規(guī)劃、景觀和建筑設計結合起來的方式使城市發(fā)展更具可持續(xù)性。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件22（10）英文原文：（總結）Above all, urban design is a significant approach tha

34、t takes care of the urban built environment for creating a sustainable urban form.中文示意：最重要的是，城市設計是一個重要的方法，它處理的是城市建成環(huán)境的問題，以創(chuàng)造一個可持續(xù)的城市形態(tài)。5課后擴展閱讀：有興趣的同學可安排課后閱讀，擴展知識面。參見課本第八章深入閱讀材料第一篇 FURTHER READING (1): A Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Design Principles 6作業(yè)：閱讀課本第八章深入閱讀材料第二篇：城市設計在美國的發(fā)展和實踐 FURTHER REA

35、DING (2): Urban Design in US 翻譯課本p69上的閱讀材料后面的表格，下次上課時交。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件23Urban forms：skylines; townscape; the built environment; size; density; configuration ; layout; mix of uses; building typesElements of urban form (functional): land use; building form and massing; circulation and parking; open sp

36、aces; pedestrian ways; activity support; signage; preservationElements of urban form (aesthetic): Paths; edges; districts; nodes; landmarksA sustainable urban form （macro-scale）: urban spatial structure; townscape cityscape; land-use pattern; framework of routes and open spaces; infrastructure trans

37、portation systemA sustainable urban form （micro-scale）:Building form and massing; streetscape; circulation and parking; open spaces; pedestrian ways; signage; Urban design principles: vitality; sense; fit; access; control permeability ; variety ; legibility ; robustness; visual appropriateness; rich

38、ness; personalizationUrban design approaches in US: discretionary ; self-administered; non-discretionary2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件24第十章：城市景觀 Chapter Nine: Urban Landscape1課文標題：英國發(fā)展景觀政策 ARTICLE : Developing landscape policies in England2專業(yè)詞匯：（38個）developing landscape policies 發(fā)展景觀規(guī)劃hydrological cycle 水循環(huán)ecosyst

39、em 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)bio-diversity 生物多樣性survey 調(diào)查indicator 指示物，指示者species 物種corridor 走廊buffer 緩沖區(qū)conduit 管道，溝渠ecology 生態(tài)學2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件25management guidelines 指導方針monitoring procedures 監(jiān)視程序control framework 控制體制sub-region 分區(qū)，亞區(qū)topography 地形學hydrology 水文學vegetation 植被archaeology 考古學strategic design 戰(zhàn)略設計allocating

40、 development 用地分配規(guī)劃linear green space 線性綠色空間designation 指代保護區(qū)green wedge 指點狀綠色空間2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件26open space 開敞空間green space system 綠色空間系統(tǒng)attractiveness 吸引力accessibility 可達性soft landscaping 軟質(zhì)景觀hard landscaping 硬質(zhì)景觀landscape framework 景觀框架arterial road 主干道enclosure 圍合空間street furniture 小品guidance 指導，

41、向?qū)pplication 申請approval 正式批準planning policy guidance 規(guī)劃政策指導3課文摘要（見課本p70）4課文注釋：2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件27（1）英文原文：（如何發(fā)展一個全面的景觀政策體系，以及目前英國的城市景觀政策現(xiàn)狀）The development of comprehensive111 landscape policies, which integrate112 the visual and functional dimensions113 of landscape, and the traditions114 of landscape

42、 assessment115 and landscape ecology, must be an essential116 part of any local planning authoritys drive for design and environmental quality. 111全面的112綜合113范疇114慣例115評估、估定116必需的中文示意：全面景觀政策的發(fā)展，綜合了景觀的視覺和功能的范疇，并且景觀評估和景觀生態(tài)的慣例應當是任何地區(qū)規(guī)劃權威設計規(guī)劃和環(huán)境質(zhì)量動力的一個必要的組成部分。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件28It is of great111 concern

43、that few local planning authorities in England have developed such policies, and that even amongst112 the best-practice authorities, landscape is still regarded as a largely visual matter, and is often relegated113 to a secondary role as an urban design consideration. This is especially unacceptable

44、 now that 114sustainable urban development is an urgent115 environmental necessity 116 .111=greatly非常，大大的112=among113歸入114既然115緊急的，迫切的116必需非常明顯地可見的是在英國，很少部分的地區(qū)規(guī)劃權威已進行了這一政策的規(guī)劃，甚至在最佳規(guī)劃權威中，景觀更大程度上被看作是一個視覺方面的事情，并在規(guī)劃設計考量中被歸入了此以及的等級中去。既然可持續(xù)的城市發(fā)展已成為迫切的必需的環(huán)境發(fā)展，那么，這種景觀政策的現(xiàn)狀顯然是不被接受的了。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件29（2）英文原文：

45、（城市景觀規(guī)劃的重要意義，景觀生態(tài)規(guī)劃原理）The role of landscape planning in ensuring the perpetuation111 of deep structures 112and natural processes such as the hydrological cycle and the maintenance of important ecosystems, in countering all forms of pollution and ensuring that people have easy access to the natural w

46、orld is paramount113. 111永久化112身層次結構肌理113最重要的，至高無上的中文示意：景觀規(guī)劃在確保城市深層次結構肌理和自然過程（像是水循環(huán)和重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的維持）的永久化上，以及抗拒所有形式的污染和確保人們能夠輕松地與大自然接觸方面具有最重要的意義。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件30Such considerations may help to reduce both the short-term111 and long-term112 costs of development, as well as113 increasing amenity114, recrea

47、tional resources and bio-diversity. 111短期的112長期的113也，同時114愉快，宜人中文示意：這方面的考量可以幫助減低短期和長期的城市發(fā)展成本，同時，提高城市的宜人度、再生資源以及生物的多樣性。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件31Paul Selman has set out his vision 111of landscape ecological planning principles for the countryside, based upon112 detailed surveys (GIS based), the use of indica

48、tor species as a basis for design the distribution 113of their habitat corridors and distance between them, and necessary buffers and conduits. 111觀點112基于113分配中文示意：Paul Selman 提出了他的為鄉(xiāng)村服務的景觀生態(tài)學規(guī)劃政策的觀點，這一觀點基于（gis為基礎的）細節(jié)調(diào)查，提示物種被用來作為設計分配他們居住走廊、其間距離，以及必需的緩沖區(qū)和管道的確定基礎。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件32These provide the ba

49、sis for a hierarchical111 design integrating ecological, visual and recreational measures appropriate to112 local objectives, and developing management guidelines and monitoring procedures. 111階級的112適合于中文示意：這些都為一個層次化的設計提供了基礎，這一設計層次綜合了適合于當?shù)厍闆r的生態(tài)的、視覺的和再生的方法，并且改進了管理指導方針和監(jiān)督程序。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件33He has em

50、phasized the need for planning to be flexible111 and adaptive112, because landowner 113and developer response to any control framework will be difficult to predict. He has also recognized the opportunity afforded by community forests114 to develop large-scale 115ecological planning (Selman, 1993). T

51、hese ideas also need to be taken forward in the context of urban development.111彈性的112可適合的113土地所有者114森林群落115大規(guī)模的，大尺度的中文示意：他強調(diào)了對規(guī)劃彈性和可適用性的需求，因為土地所有者和開發(fā)者對任何控制體制的反應是很難預測的。他還指出了由森林群落提供的發(fā)展大規(guī)模生態(tài)規(guī)劃的機遇。這些觀點在城市發(fā)展的大環(huán)境中都要被繼續(xù)完善。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件34（3）英文原文：（綜述以下景觀政策建議的特點）The policy recommendations outlined below ta

52、ke the best elements of contemporary 111practice and professional advice, and draw together nature conservation and landscape policies to provide a means for considering the ecological dimension of urban design in a development control context. 111同時期的中文示意：以下列出的政策建議涵蓋了當今實踐中最優(yōu)的元素和專業(yè)建議，并把自然保護和景觀政策綜合在一

53、起，以為考量處于發(fā)展控制情況中的城市設計生態(tài)范疇提供方法。 2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件35Such policies still need a national landscape ecological planning framework, such as the German system provides, to give them a consistent111 scientific basis and statutory112 weight113, but in the meantime progress114 can be made towards giving the vis

54、ual and functional dimensions of landscape appropriate weight as a design consideration.111協(xié)調(diào)的112法令的113砝碼114進展中文示意： 這些政策仍舊需要一個國家級的景觀生態(tài)規(guī)劃框架，像是德國系統(tǒng)指導體系，來給這些政策提供協(xié)調(diào)的科學基礎和法規(guī)衡量，但是同時，要加強對景觀規(guī)劃中視覺和功能范疇的完善，使其成為作為設計考量的適宜的衡量體系。2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件36（4）英文原文：（重要建議）The following constitute the key recommendations111:下面

55、列出的構成了最重要的建議：a 認證區(qū)域內(nèi)的最佳自然特征Policies should emphasize the value of landscape and habitat112 appraisal as a means to identify the best natural features113 of the region. Sub-region, neighborhood and site, to comprehend114 the topography, hydrology, ecology, vegetation and archaeology of the district,

56、and to identify sites and features worthy of protection.中文示意：政策應把強調(diào)的重點放在景觀的價值和棲息地的評價上，使其作為鑒別區(qū)域、亞區(qū)、鄰里和地點的最佳自然特征，了解地區(qū)地形、水文、生態(tài)、植被和考古情況，鑒別值得保護的地點和特征的方法和手段。111建議112棲息地113特征、特色114了解2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件37B 強調(diào)景觀生態(tài)Landscape ecology should be emphasized in strategic design thinking as an essential component 111of

57、sustainable development, in ensuring that considerations of ecological value, visual quality and recreational potential of land are properly weighted in allocating development.中文示意：景觀生態(tài)應當在戰(zhàn)略設計規(guī)劃思考中被強調(diào)，作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個必不可少的部分，并且應確保對生態(tài)價值、視覺質(zhì)量和在生潛在土地的考量在用地分配規(guī)劃中得到合理的衡量。111成分2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件38C 指定保護區(qū)Policies sh

58、ould seek to designate111 and protect sites 112and features113 of landscape and nature conservation value, utilizing114 national and local, designations but also more general115 concepts of linear green space, green wedges or corridors that integrate116 amenity 117and conservation 118concerns.中文示意：這

59、些政策應當努力標明并保護景觀特性和地區(qū)、自然維持價值、國家級的用途以及地區(qū)景觀的上述特性，同時，尋求可將宜人度和維持性相綜合的關于線性綠色空間和點狀綠色景觀及綠色走廊的更普遍的構想。111標明、指出 112地點113特征、特色 114利用115普遍的 116綜合117宜人度 118維持、保持2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件39D 發(fā)展與保護Policies should ensure that development respects111 these designations and natural ecological processes, and seeks to enhance the

60、landscape and create new habitats wherever possible.中文示意：政策應當確保發(fā)展尊重這些指定的保護區(qū)和自然生態(tài)過程，并力爭加強景觀（塑造）和在可能的地區(qū)創(chuàng)造棲息地。111尊重2022/7/19專業(yè)英語課件40E 開場空間與景觀設計相結合Open space provision 111policies should be developed in conjunction with landscape considerations to ensure the development of and accessible112 multipurpose