1、英語詞匯學(xué)試題Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry （練習(xí) 1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily

2、 through the use of construct.A. word B. form C. morpheme D. rootis traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. StylisticsModern English is derived from the language of early tribes.A. Greek B. Roman C. Ital

3、ian D. GermanicSemantics is the study of meaning of different levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user s choices of linguisticelements in a particularfor special effectsA.

4、situation B. context C. time D. place.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic. Terminology consists of terms used in particular disciplines and academic a

5、reas.A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic.refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot. belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seem

6、s to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang. Argot generally refers to the jargon of.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workers B. c

7、riminals C. any person D. policemanA. Argot B. Slang.are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.C. Jargon D. Dialectal words. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.D. great words or expressions,D. goodor words tha

8、t have taken onA. common B. little C. slight 13. Neologisms are newly-created meanings.A. new B. old C. badwords. They include nouns,Content words denote clear notions and thus are known asD. formalverbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functional B. notional C. empty15. Functional words do not

9、have notions of theirwords. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliariesown. Therefore, they are also called and articles belong to this category.A. content B. notional C. empty D. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.Lexicology is a branc

10、h of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and of words.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, development, formation and .English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ,e

11、tymology, stylistics,.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and.Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content

12、 words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock. Stability ( )Collocbility( )Jargon( )Argot ()Notional words(Neologisms (Aliens ()Semantic-loans(Archaisms (Empty words (A. E-mailB. aughtC. porD. uponE. hypoF. at heartG. manH. dipI. freshJ. emi

13、rStudy the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ()32 a change of heart ()33. can-opener ()34.Roger ()35. bottom line ()36.penicillin (). auld ( )38. futurology ().brethren ( )40. take ()Define the followi

14、ng terms.word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansAnswer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.Give the

15、types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion. earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.Group the following borrowed words into Denizens,

16、Aliens,Translation-loans,Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C16.meanings17.morphological,historical,usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabulary21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26.

17、 A27. J28.I29.B30.D31. the basic word stock; productivitythe basic word stock; collocabilitythe basic word stock; argotnonbasic word stock; slangnonbasic word stock; jargonnonbasic word stock ;terminologynonbasic word stock; dialectal wordsnonbasic word stock ,neologismsnonbasic word stock; archaism

18、sthe basic word stock; polysemyVVI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, five Functional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter

19、2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(練習(xí)2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can b

20、e grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D. 2000The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly language.A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzedAfter the, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes

21、 came in great numbers.A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. FrenchThe introduction of had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Islamism1n the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many words came into t

22、he English language.A. Greek B. Roman C. Celtic D. ScandinavianIt is estimated that at least words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500B. 800C.1000.D. 900The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of words into English.A. Fre

23、nch B. Greek C. Roman D. LatinBy the end of the century , English gradually came back into the schools, the lawcourts, and government and regained social status.A. 12 th B. 13 th C. 14 th D.15 thAs a result , Celtic made only a contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smallerT

24、he Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and.A. Greek B. Roman C. Indian D. RussianIn the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Rom

25、an D. GreekGreek is the modern language derived from .A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . GermanicThe five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called.A. SanskritB. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-SaxonThe famil

26、y consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. HellenicBy the end of the century , virtually all of the people who held political or socialpower and many of t

27、hose in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 th B.11 th C.12 thD. 13thComplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as . If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Mid

28、dle English was one ofIt can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present language.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Wes

29、tern set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, .It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and Modern English.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words 2)history off English development 3) language family.ABCeltic() A.politicsre

30、ligious () B.moonScandinavian () C. Persian24. French() D.London. Old English.Dutch(.Middle English. Modern English. Germanic family.Sanskrit ()E. abbot)F. skirt()G.sunu()H. lernen()I. freight) J. NorwegianStudy the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth

31、()32.contradict ()33. predictor _()34. radios()35. prewar ()36. happiest ()37. antecedent ()38. northward(38. su()40. diction ()Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixes VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.De

32、scribe the characteristics of Old English .Describe the characteristics of Middle English.Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.What are the three main sources of new words ?How does the modern English vocabulary develop ? Key to exercises:1

33、.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic 20.Late(1700-upto the present )21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. C31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. pref

34、ix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root 40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;Social , economic and political changes

35、; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter

36、3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II(練習(xí)3I . Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible,nonclassicaland apolitical are called .D. locative

37、A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes prefixesThe prefixes contained in the following words are called : pseudo-friend, mistrust.A. reversative prefixed prefixesThe prefixed contained inreversative prefixednegative prefixes C. pejorative prefixesunwrap,de-compose and di

38、s allow areB. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixesmalpractice,D. locativeD. locativeprefixesThe prefixes in words extra -strong, overweight and arch bishop areA . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixes in words bi lingual , uni for

39、m and hemisphere are.A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesare contained in words trans -world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or sizeRugby

40、 ,afghan and champagneare words coming from.A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesOmega,Xerox and orlon are words from.A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesEx-student,fore tell and post -election contain.A. negative prefixes B. prefixes

41、of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixesMackintosh, bloomers and cherub are fromA. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan -European areA. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pref

42、ixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixesThe prefixes in words anti -government , pro student and contra flow areA. prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixesUtopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from.A. names of bo

43、oks B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixesThe suffixes in words heighten, symbol ize are.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixesto

44、the courseComplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according book.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as.Compounding , also called, is the formation of new words by join

45、ing two or morestems . Words formed in this way are called. is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. 19.is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plusa part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or words.20

46、A commonway of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.Concrete denominal noun suffixesAbstract denominal noun

47、suffixesDeverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,()()( etc)A. pricelessB. downwardC. engineerD. darkenDe-adjective noun suffixesNoun and adjective suffixesDenominal adjective suffixesDeverbal adjective suffixesAdverb suffixesVerb suffixesF.happiness G. arguabl

48、e H.dependentviolinistIV. Study the following)I. adulthood)J. survivalwords or expressionsand identify1) types of clipping2)typesof acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32.36. V-day ( ) 37. TB (stereo ( ) 33.flu)38. disco ( ) 39.copter ()34.)40.perm (pub () )35. c/oV.acronymy suffixationba

49、ck-formationinitialisms44.prefixation45.Define the following terms .VI. Answer the following questions with examples.What are the characteristics of compounds ?What are the main types of blendings ?What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:Use the following exam

50、ples to explain the types of back-formation.donate donation emoteemotionloaf loafer begbeggareavesdrop-eavesdropping babysit-babysitter(4) drowse drowsylaze-lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of theitalicizedwords.(2) The rich must help the poor.(1) I m very gra

51、teful for your help.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversio

52、n 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clipping21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.D31. Front clipping, earthquakeBack clipping, stereophonicFront and back clipping, influenzaPhrase clipping, public houseInitialisms, care ofAcronyms, Victory DayInitialisms, tuberculosisBack clipping, discotheq

53、ueFront clipping, helicopterPhrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous co

54、nversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (練習(xí) 4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.A word is the combination of form and.A. spelling B. writing

55、 C. meaning D. denotingis the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. ContextSense denotes the relationships the language.A. outside B. with C. beyond D. insideMost English words can be said to be.A. non-motivated B. motivated C

56、. connected D. relatedTrumpet is a(n)motivated word.A. morphologically B. semantically C. onomatopoeically D. etymologicallyHopeless is a motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologicallyIn the sentence He is fond of pen , pen is a motivated word.A. morphologica

57、lly B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologicallyWalkman is a motivated word.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically C. semantically D. etymologicallyFunctional words possess strong whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaning B. conceptua

58、l meaningC. associative meaning D. arbitrary meaning10.is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaning C. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaningII.Affective meaning indicates the speaker s t

59、owards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. liking C. attitude D. understanding.are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such asoh, dear me,alas .A. Prepositions B. Interjections C. Exclamations D. Explanations. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affective mea

60、nings because ina sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaning D. collocative meaningn the same language, the same concept can be expressed in.A. only one word B. two words C. more than three D. diff