1、soup soap adopt adaptleafturn over a new leafboard 木板，董事會(huì)，登船boarding gatepart apart from 除了。 。 。之外 apartment 公寓departdepartment 部門take part in participate inpartial 部分的，偏頗的 impartial 公正的ice box movie連詞 2.非謂語動(dòng)詞3.虛擬Chinadaily 英語點(diǎn)津21st2005 年喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮的演講magicianStay hungry, stay foolishBeginnerhand

2、in hand overrun down a henpull down the building時(shí)態(tài)過去一般過去時(shí)（只存在于過去）My mother taught English for twenty years.2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（暫時(shí)）3）過去完成時(shí)（過去的過去）When the police found the man, he had wandered out of his home for five years.現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（長期） I teach English in Fuzhou.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（暫時(shí)） I am teaching English in Xiamen these days

3、.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（以現(xiàn)在為參照）I have taught English for more than fifteen years.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（一直 ）I have been teaching college English for more than fifteen years.將來（主將從現(xiàn)）一般將來將來進(jìn)行將來完成（參照）When the professor comes back from Africa, his son will have finished school._過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 注意：by 到。 。 。為止 by yesterday, by now, by the end

4、of this month定語從句修飾的詞前有序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)， only, 從句謂語用完成時(shí)It is the third time that he has ever cheated on an exam.in the past five years, in the last two week s 用完成時(shí)The prices rose dramatically 急劇地 in the past.The prices have risen dramatically in the past five years.近五年來find, see, know, hea，r love, hate 等沒有進(jìn)行

5、時(shí)主動(dòng)： 被動(dòng)startbe started過去完成： had started had been started一般過去： started , was/ were started過去進(jìn)行：was/ were starting, was/ were being started一般現(xiàn)在：start、 starts, am/ is/ are started現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行：am/is/ are starting現(xiàn)在完成：has/ have started現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行： has/have been starting一般將來： will start, am/is/ are going to start, am/

6、is/ are to start, beabout to start 即將將來進(jìn)行： will be starting將來完成： will have startedSchool ends on January 12.The film begins at 8 p.m.被動(dòng)語態(tài)注意： by某些動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式： 1. 系動(dòng)詞 be, become, turn, get, come, go, fall,remain, look, sound, taste, smell, feel come true/ successfulgo bad/ blindfall asleep/ unconsciousTh

7、e queen remained single all her life.2.cut, read, sell, write 與 easily， well, smoothly 連用The knife cuts easily.The pen writes smoothly.The book sells well.By far 。 。 。得多，最最。 。 。So far 迄今為止-ceed 走proceed繼續(xù)，precedent之前的 succeed接續(xù)，接替，成功Mr Cook succeeded Mr Jobs and became CEO of the Apple.succeeding 后續(xù)

8、的 successive連續(xù)的 successful成功的process 過程 successcentury 百年 centimeter centigradepress impress express depress 壓compress 擠壓 company 公司compound 復(fù)合，綜合樓 deal with, cope with, handle1A 2B 3C4 C 5C 6D 7C 8B 9D 10D no sooner過去完成 than, hardlywhen, scarcely when一。就I have read your novel.I have been reading yo

9、ur novel.11 D12 D 13B 14A 15B 16C 17C 18A情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, dare, ought to, had better, had rather, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 寧可， 寧愿， may/ might as well 也可以，不妨， cannot but, cannot help buPF得不， 不能不might, may, could, can, mus戰(zhàn)可能性may

10、 not 也許不，could not, can not不可能， must not 禁止She must have a Russian origin, does ntshe?She must be from a European country, isnt she?She must have worked for the Russian intelligence department, hasn t she?She must have worked for the Russian intelligence department in the past, didn t she?would you

11、please= will you pleasecan- could, may-might, shall- should, will-would過去時(shí)用過去形式現(xiàn)在時(shí)可用過去形式、現(xiàn)在形式The dangerous murderer must live in your neighborhood.The dangerous murderer must have lived in your neighborhood in the past.must 主觀 I must be going now.ought to 責(zé)任 The doctor ought to have sent the patient

12、 to a safe place first.should/ shallHave you paid the fare?needn t have done= didn t have togas station gasolineclass hour lab hourapparent, evident, obviousspecial特另U的，專用的，專門的 specialize in專門從事specialty 特色的。 。 。specific 具體的，詳細(xì)的 specify 指定 specification 詳細(xì)的說明 particular 特定的，be particular about/ over

13、對(duì)。挑易U peculiar 怪異的，獨(dú)特的The dish is peculiar to Chinese cuisine.Chew mien1C 2C 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8B 9C 10C 11B 12B 13D 14C 15D西方的思維：線性主題段落主題句 70% 在首句，20%在末句東方的思維：環(huán)狀beat around the bushYoung pioneerIsolation 孤立Hope projectWorldwide nationwidedistribute 分發(fā) attribute to 把。 。 。歸因于 contribute to 貢獻(xiàn)smoking con

14、tributes to his death.Distribute: deliverTransport import exporttransplanttransformtranslatetransfer 調(diào)動(dòng)transmit 傳輸adapt to 調(diào)整。以適應(yīng)adjustto accustoms tobe adapted to, be adjusted to , be accustomed to, be used to doing慣于overradical 激進(jìn)的organ器官 organic 有機(jī)的 foodmental 大腦的 diseases metal 金屬capacity 容量 cap

15、ability 能力the hall has a capacity of 500 peoplebe capable ofbe able tovary 變化，不同 various variety 不同種類a variety ofThe style of marketing varies from ages to ages.The style of marketing today differs from what it was in the past.distinguish from,distinguish good from evilIt stands to reason that we pa

16、y more attention to our mental healthlook into , look after, look up to 仰視source 來源 human resource源costtakespend on sth/ in doingpay 付錢 pay the fare, pay the rent/ the billpay for the serviceHave you paid_ the boy who painted the house for you?charge sbfor They charged me 200 dollars for the service

17、.affordI could not afford it so I offered 150 dollars.DolphinAdmittedly, today s people suffer greater pressure and stress.number numerousdrama戲居U opera歌居U comedy 喜居U tragedy 悲居Ulive survive 存活 revive 復(fù)蘇C ACorigin original 最初的，有創(chuàng)意的originate from 起源于DCAD語法 - 主謂一致，代詞一致. 語法形式一致A book is sold.Many books

18、 are sold.Many a book _is_ sold.More than a book _is_ sold.A book and a paper are sold.、二注意：.police, people, poultry (家禽)，cattle (牛群，家畜)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞The poutry are in the yard.The police have found the hiding place of the suspect.2)physics, maths, economics, measle 水痘是單數(shù)名詞3)fish, deer, sheep, species, mean這

19、些詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形，看數(shù)量詞4)the girl as well as her three roommateshas reserved the seat.Nothing but the two magazines_is_ sold.5)一個(gè)人多重身份， 一個(gè)物品多個(gè)組成部分The writer, scientist and sociologist is calling for attention to the phenomenon.Another fork and knife_is_ needed here.Bread and butter is what he has for breakfast

20、.Law and order is the most serious problem.概念一致most, all, 50%, two thirds 的單復(fù)數(shù)看其內(nèi)容One third of the cars are damagedOne third of the car is damaged.All _are_ (is/are) present and all _goes_(go, goes) well.金錢， 距離， 時(shí)間看成單數(shù)Ten dollars is enough.4) family, class, team, group, committee, government, party,

21、 audience, population當(dāng)看成概念是單數(shù)，當(dāng)看成成員是復(fù)數(shù)China s population is the largest in the world and 70% of the population are in the farming industry.The group _are_ waiting to enter the stadium.2. 就近原則There be, not only but also, neither- nor, either - or, orHow are you?Fine, thank you and you?Me, too.Who are

22、 you?I am Bill Clinton, husband to this lady.Me, too.(either you or I am mad. Either he or you are mad)代詞一致Nobody has done the work, has he? have they?1B 2C 3B 4C 5A 6A 7B 8A 9A 10A11 C12 C 13B 14A 15BThat is only one of those books thatinterest me.Foolfewa fewI have little on me.I have a little on

23、me.favor in favor of 對(duì)。 。 。有利 do sb a favorfavorite 最喜歡的favorable 有利J 的assist resist 抵制 insist on 堅(jiān)持 persist in 堅(jiān)持省略句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，倒裝句省略句1)Why didn t you go to the lecture?I had been to the lecture.I had.-you broke your promise again.so I did.強(qiáng)調(diào)句對(duì)謂語的強(qiáng)調(diào) Do come on time.The man does live on the island.對(duì)其他成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)

24、It is/ was .that/ whoMy classsmates held a Christmas party in the auditorium from 6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.It was my classsmates that/ who held a Christmas party in the auditorium from 6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.It was a Christmas party that my classsmates held in the auditorium from 6p.m. to 8 p.

25、m. last night.It was in the auditorium that my classsmates held a Christmas party from 6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.倒裝句 A temple standson the top of the hill.The lawyer nevervisits his parents.全部倒裝表示方位的介詞詞組提前On the top of the hill standsa temple.up, down, here, there, now， then 提前 （主語必須是名詞）Now comes t

26、he manager.Yes, here he comes.部分倒裝a.否定詞提前 seldom, scarcely, hardly, barely, little, in vain 徒勞， still less更不用說,by no means, under no circumstancesNever does the lawyer visit his parents；nor does he visit his friends.Not until he locked the doordid he realize that he had left the key inside.so that,

27、such thatso heavy a bag did the boy carry that he could hardly move.so, nor, neitherYou broke your promise again and was rude toward your mother.So it was with Tom.d.虛擬語氣中if從句有助動(dòng)詞had, were, should時(shí)，if可以省略， Had you made a plan, you wouldn t have missed all those opportunities.If you had made a plan,

28、you wouldn t have missed all those opportunities.though she was a girl,Girl as she was, she was daring and ambitious.Though I might try, I would never make a successful businessman.Try as I might, I would never only in the way can you achieve successg.more rest is what I need.What I need ismore rest

29、.Unidentified flying objectHow+adj+ 冠詞 +名詞SoWhat+ 名詞詞組How fine the weather is!What fine weather it is!Hardly whenScarcely whenNo sooneLthanhurt 傷痛 I didn t mean to hurt you by that.injure 外傷 The accident left five dead and four injured.wound 刀槍 the last relationship wounded him and he felt it diffic

30、ult totake up another relationship.harm 損害 our interestsdamage損壞destroy 毀壞spoil 寵壞 The only child is spoiled.ruin 毀壞， 使。 。 。變成廢墟machines machinery1-10 BDDAD DABCB11-15 DDCDCCulture shock 文化沖擊， 文化震蕩World wide webLastMultilingual multiple multiply 成倍增長 figure 數(shù)字，人物 figureout 算出，明白o(hù)btain maintain 保持，保養(yǎng)

31、retain 保留 physical and mental healthaverage 平均 the average/ top studentsordinary : specialcommon 常見的 common senseusual placeurgent 急切的，迫切的emergent 緊急的emergency roomshare of the marketturn a blind eye toHis action pleases us present.His action does please us present.What he does does please us presen

32、t.What pleased students they were-16-20 CDDDC 21-25 BDABD26-33 DCDCC BDB語法一從句與連詞一個(gè)英語句子中有且只有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。It upsets the public.That many officials are involved in the scanda l upsets the public.定語從句關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞: where, when, why(for which)A beautiful flowerA flower in the vaseA

33、flower which was picked this morningWe are looking for a person _who/ that_ can manage the department well.The person _whom/ who/ that_ you are looking for is nowhere to find.The person_whose_ former experience is rich enough will be qualified for the post.I am reading the book which/ that the stude

34、nts sent to me as a gift.I would like to live in the room in which / where the former president ever lived.I would like to live in the room whose window opens to the lake.The guy had an awful accident, which is reported in todays newspaper.We should never forget the times _in which/ when_ we receive

35、d help from our friends.We should never forget the times_which/ that_ we spent in the small village.I have read a lot about the city_(which/ that)_ you mentioned in the letter.I have read a lot about the city_in which/ where_ great changes have taken place in the last five years.Would you please giv

36、e us a reason_for which/ why_ you were absent from the lecture?Will you accept the reason _which_ she gave for her absence from the lecture?只能用 that:被修飾詞前有最高級(jí)，the only, 序數(shù)詞， the veryIt is the rarest coin that he has collected.This is the very post that fits you well.被修飾詞本身是不定代詞 nothing, everything,

37、something, all被修飾部分有人和物The people and the things that you came across in the past will stay in the memory.不能用 that：介詞后面逗號(hào)后面I am reading my only book, which survived last fire.As a citizen, we have to fulfil some obligations.定語從句中的 as.主句中 the same, so, suchYou have to buy the same bookas I tell you.I

38、t isn t such a good book as you boasted.It isn t so good a book as you boasted.They appointed such a bad-tempered man to our office that we were annoyed.They appointed to our office such a bad-tempered man as we could not accept.as 連接的非限制性定語從句放在句首，句中As is described in the newspaper, the CEO is a dic

39、tator.The CEO, as is described in the newspaper, is a dictator.Is this the factory_we visited last week?Is this factory_the one_ we visited last week?連詞的用法比較：1. as 的用法1) As a person grows, his wisdom will develop. 隨著與 when, while 比較As/ when/ while I stayed in Paris, I picked up some French.When 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間

40、的點(diǎn)， “就在此時(shí)”I was about to give up the project when he appeared and gave me timely help.While 強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間I talked on while she was taking notes.while: though, as long as， 而While he was born into a rich family, he was never happy.While you sign a contract with us, you are entitled to use it whenever you lik

41、e.2)as: thoughThough he is president of the company, he is quite easy-going among his staff.President of the company as he is, he is quite easy-going among his staff.3)asas方式 Do it as I told you to.in spite of, despite, for all+ 名詞詞組though he is poor,一 。 。就On hearing the news, the audience cheered.A

42、t 一看到。 。 。 the terrible sight, she fainted.At 一聽到 the sound, the dog barked.1-10 ABDDC ABDCBBe afraid of the possibility of failureBe afraid that he might failurewhat break outbreak down分解，（機(jī)器，車）壞了， 崩潰break up （關(guān)系，婚姻）破裂break off （聚會(huì)，晚會(huì)） 終止，解散break away frombreak into a cry/ laughterAll work no play

43、makes Jack a dull boy.peeping Tom 偷窺狂Dear John s letterlest, in case, for fear that以免you work as hard as he.unit 單元 uniform transform formal 正式的 formulate 規(guī)定whoever=anyone whowhoever= no matter whoNo matter who comes late, he will be punished.11-20 DABBC AABDC21-30 ABADB BBBBDdue to: owing to, thank

44、s to, because ofDue to what he has achieved, he is awarded a prize.Becausehe has achieved a lot, he is awarded a prize.語法 -虛擬語氣主將從現(xiàn)I have no money on me. Will you please lend me 5000 yuan?If I can raise the money, I will lend it to you. 真實(shí)If I could raise the money, I would lend it to you. 虛擬If I ha

45、d beenborn in America, I would have learnt English well.1)從句 謂語 過去完成， 主句 would have doneIf I lived in America now, I would learn English well soon.從句 一般過去時(shí)， 主句 would doIf I were to/ should become minister of education in the future, I would cancel all English tests.If you had had breakfastthis morni

46、ng, you would not be hungry now.從句 should/ were to do , 主句 would do條件句的省略. Were, should, had.用介詞詞組或者otherwise等代替If there were not your parents, you would not enjoy such a good life.Without your parents, you would not enjoy such a good life.But for your parents,I have retired. Otherwise, you would be

47、 promoted to such an office soon.虛擬語氣的兩個(gè)大類(從句)從句謂語用過去時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成， 一般過去，過去將來ifif only 要是。 。 。就好了If only I had not come back alone.wishI wish I had not come back alone.d.as if, as though 似乎He is giving orders as if he were the boss.would rather/ had rather, would sooner, would just as soon乩句只 有過去完成、一般過去)I

48、 would rather you didn t borrow money from me in the future.It is about/ high time we did some exercises.從句謂語用 (should) doit is形容詞thatIt is strange that she (should) stare at me that way.lest, in case, for fear that 以免，以防，萬一He explained everything over again lest anyone (should) misunderstand him.命令

49、，要求， 建議的內(nèi)容order, demand, require, request, insist, urge, ask, prefer, suggest, propose, recommend, advice, mov劭議 second附議The expert proposed that a monitoring body (should) be set up.The expert put forward the proposal that a monitoring body (should) be set up.1-5 BBDAD 6-10 DDCAD11-15 CDCAA16-20 AC

50、AADif, provided that, suppose, supposingtake aparttake in 吸收，接收take to 喜歡上take over 接手，接管take after 長得像。 。 。take up 占據(jù)Mida s finger/thumb21-25 DBCCC26-30 DCCCD31-35 DDCCB36-40 DCACAlie lay lain 躺著lie lied lied 撒謊lay laid laid 使。 。躺下，平放，下蛋hang hung hung 掛，懸掛hang hanged hanged死but I have no moneyprese

51、rve 保存，保護(hù)reserve 預(yù)留deserve 值得observe觀察，遵守enrich encourage enlargewiden, lengthen, heighten, deepenhold back 阻止 hold down 保住 hold up to 堅(jiān)持 hold in/ back 克制住take into account/consideration慮。but, therefore, yet, however, nevertheless , as a result,mistake misguidehowever= no matter howwhatsoever 常與 not

52、hing, nobody等詞 notat allNobody whatsoever is willing to take up the responsibility.assign account allocatechair a meetingoppose opposite opponent對(duì)手that=in the way, at the timecontrolled experimentuntil 直到。 。 。為止not until 直到。 。 。才_(tái)until_ he successfully defended the poor young man, he was a little-kn

53、own lawyer.Not until he successfully defended the poor young man did he become well-known.Try as he would, he might never succeed.從句與連詞答案31-40 CBDCC DBDAC41-50 DABDA BCDDB51-60 CBCCD BBCDD61-70 BBCAD BCBCC非謂語動(dòng)詞1. 不定式to start to be starting to have startedto be started to have been startedHe coaches

54、the child to swim.He seems tosing well .He seems tobe starting a business of his own.He seems tohave starteda business of his own.A business is saidto have been startedin our town.有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者用主動(dòng)，沒有則被動(dòng)I have some clothesto wash.I have some clothesto be washed.不定式與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成完整的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)， 不及物動(dòng)詞后要加介詞I have some bo

55、oks to read.I have a form to fill in.I want to rent a room to live in.Give me a pen to write with.4) 聽，觀，感， 使，讓+賓語+不帶“to”的不定式listen to, hear, watch, see, look at, stare at, notice, feel, smell, make, let, haveI saw the suspect get on a bus.現(xiàn)在分詞starting, having startedbeing started(E在被。)， having been

56、 startedWhen I was driving down the beach, I saw a rare bird.Driving down the beach, I saw a rare bird.Having finished writing the report, he turned it in.過去分詞started非謂語動(dòng)詞形式用法區(qū)別聽，觀，感， 使， 讓+賓語 +do/ doing/ donesaw the suspect get on a bust 了 公交車I saw the suspect crossing the street在穿過。I saw the suspec

57、t knocked down by a car 被撞倒to do: 要做doing:在做done: 做了To becomea popular star, you have to find a company to support you. Being a pop star, you have to stand your private life being exposed now and then.Written in Old English 狀態(tài) , the poem is difficult to make sense of.Having been written 動(dòng) 作 先 后 , th

58、e report was submitted to the committee.rememberforgetgo onstop to do/ doing regret to do 遺憾 doing 后悔 try to do 盡力去做 doing 試著 mean to do 有意要做 doing 意味著At the reception desk, a guest means _ (make) trouble.4)used to do 過去曾。,be used to d磁用來。, be used todoing 習(xí)慣于5) needYou needn t come here in person.Y

59、ou don t need to come here in person.Need, require, want表示需要被做 to be done/ doing5) excite, interest, bore, frighten, move, tire, exhaus使。令人。 。 ingexciting, boring感到。 。 edexcited, boredI was bored by the boring salesman.seat使。坐下，dress給。穿衣The waiter seats me here.I am seated here.she dresses herself i

60、n white today.she is dressed in white today.If a canning machine can can cans, how many cans can it can?affect v.Reading in bed affects your eyesight.effect n. 影響，效果cause and effectinfluence v.&n.Confucianism and Taosim influence the cultures in East Asia and South-east Asia.impact n. 沖擊effective 有效