1、Unit 2 English around the worldUnit 2English around the worldLanguage points1. Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly 與 almost 用法明辨：（1）兩者通用的場(chǎng)合。 a. 在肯定句中。 b. 修飾all, every, always 等時(shí)。 c. 在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前時(shí)。（2）只用 almost 的場(chǎng)合。 a. 和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等連用時(shí)。 b. 和too, more than 等連用時(shí)。

2、 c. 和表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。（3）只用Nearly的場(chǎng)合。 a. 被 very, not, pretty等修飾時(shí)。 b. 和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)（nearly常用）。2. voyage 在此為可數(shù)名詞，意為“旅行，航行”。又如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help.拓展voyage還可用作動(dòng)詞，

3、意為“（乘船）航行，航?！?。例如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean.注意區(qū)別名詞travel，journey，trip和voyage：travel用作不可數(shù)名詞，只用于泛指從某地去另一地，如果某人在某段時(shí)間里到處走，可用travels；journey用作可數(shù)名詞，表示去某地所花的時(shí)間和旅行的距離，尤指較長(zhǎng)距離的或定期的旅行；trip用作可數(shù)名詞，表示非定期的，也許較短的往返旅行；voyage則常指海上旅行或太空旅行。例如： Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels agai

4、n. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.3. because & because of 因?yàn)槟愕年P(guān)心，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿(mǎn)了希望。1）Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.2）Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.因?yàn)橛晗碌煤艽螅莻€(gè)

5、男孩穿過(guò)樹(shù)林回家了。1）Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.2）Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.4. than ever before 比以往任何時(shí)候更Youll speak English much better than ever before.than ever before 可看作是 than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，副

6、詞 ever 與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為“比以往任何時(shí)候更”。 ever在不同句型中的意義： 1）曾經(jīng)；以前（用于疑問(wèn)句） 2）無(wú)論什么時(shí)候都（不）（用于否定句） 3）曾經(jīng)（用于if 從句） 4）到底；究竟（用于特殊疑問(wèn)句） 5）永遠(yuǎn)；老是（用于肯定句）5. Native English speaker can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. (1) even if ( = even though ): in spite of the fact; no matter w

7、hether 即使；盡管 是連詞詞組，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；若主、從句皆表示將來(lái)情況，從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 后面既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.觀察下面句子：1. Even if I had money, I wouldnt buy it.2. If I had money, I would buy it.3. It looks as if it is going to rain.even if 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句； as if/ though 似乎是,

8、引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。(2) even if 從句所說(shuō)的不那么肯定。 even though 從句是事實(shí)。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) ( Even ) though he is poor, she loves him. ( = He is poor, yet she loves him.)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sky was dark blue and clear when

9、the moon came up. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生come across 偶然遇到或找到6. come up走近，上來(lái)升起被提出討論come around 恢復(fù)；還原；改變某人的意見(jiàn)或立場(chǎng)come down 傳承；按習(xí)慣通過(guò)或處理come out 成為眾所周知；發(fā)行或發(fā)表；結(jié)果；自己公開(kāi)宣布come over 過(guò)來(lái)；偶然拜訪come up with 宣布或發(fā)現(xiàn) The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.7. It was based more on

10、German than the English we speak at present. 當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多的是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不是。 base (v.) 意為“以為根據(jù)，把基地設(shè)在”，常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)base sth. on/upon sth。又如：1. This novel is based on fact.這部小說(shuō)是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。2. The paper had intended to base itself in London.3. This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence.拓展base還可用作名詞，意為“底部，基地，基礎(chǔ)”等。例

11、如： There is a door at the base of the tower. How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil? Many languages have Latin as their base.掌握base構(gòu)成的兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)：be off base意為“完全錯(cuò)誤，大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)”；touch base (with) sb意為“（跟某人）聯(lián)系上，逗留”。8. present1) 當(dāng)前的, 現(xiàn)在的 (作前置定語(yǔ))Did you see the present national leaders?Can you

12、tell us something about the present situation?2) 出席的, 在場(chǎng)的(作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)) Our teacher was present at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan. n. 目前, 現(xiàn)在; 禮物I cant spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?vt. 贈(zèng)與, 贈(zèng)給予present sth to / with sbMother pre

13、sented a gift to me just now.at present: now; at this time, at this moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她現(xiàn)在很忙，不能跟你談話。2) At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是劍橋大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教授。9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亞使用了比以往任何時(shí)候更為廣泛的詞匯量。make (

14、good/full/no) use of 使用1. We could make good use of our resources.2. Every minute should be made good use of. 3. She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.4. We should make good use of time to study.拓展 make構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：make of，make from 通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，構(gòu)成be made of，be made from 都表示“由制成”，其中be mad

15、e of 表示在產(chǎn)品中能夠看出原材料；be made from 表示在產(chǎn)品中看不出原材料；make up 編寫(xiě)；編造；和解；make up of 由組成/構(gòu)成；make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償；make out理解，弄懂；看清，(勉強(qiáng))辨認(rèn)出；假裝，裝成；make into 制成；make it成功，辦成；及時(shí)趕到10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “.的數(shù)目“，接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of

16、許多 大量 (后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，此短語(yǔ)加復(fù)數(shù)名詞在句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（ a great number of / a large number of / a small number of ）A number of teachers are on leave.The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absentfor different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was ; were D. were; wereC只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的： a large/ great/

17、 good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of 11. such as & for example such as 用來(lái)列舉事物時(shí), 一般列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子且所列舉事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和, 一

18、旦相等,要用that is 或namely. I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. for example: 用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況, 一般只舉同類(lèi)人或物中的 “一個(gè)” 為例, 作插入語(yǔ),可位于句首, 句中或句尾, 通常與所給的例子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi). 其后的例子可以是從句.He can speak four languages such as English and French.Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.用such as, for examp

19、le, namely 填空Students , _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from.(2) ear something simple, _, a skirt and blouse. (3) He knows six languages, _ Chinese, French, English, Spanish, Russian and Portuguese.such asfor examplenamely12. Only time can tell 惟有時(shí)間將能證明。 tell 此處用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“顯示出”，還可作“發(fā)生影響；起作用；判斷”等講。 t

20、ell A from B: 區(qū)分，分別 Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?13. frequently是副詞，意為“經(jīng)常地，頻繁地”。又如： He was frequently drunk. Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests.拓展frequently的形容詞是frequent，意為“經(jīng)常的，頻繁的”。例如： He is a frequent visitor to our house.Her headaches are becoming less frequent.frequent還可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“常到，常去”。例如： The bar was frequented b